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Biomedical subjects

A Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to A Mitchell.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hospital admissions for acute cholecystitis: changes in the age and sex distribution in Oxford in the post-war period.

Admissions for acute cholecystitis to the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, during the period 1974-1978 have been reviewed and compared with figures previously published for the period 1953-1962 (1). There was a small overall increase in the annual rate of female admissions for acute cholecystitis between the two periods and this increase can be accounted for by population changes in all age groups above the age of 40 years. However, there was a significant increase in the admission rate of women under the age of 40 which could not be accounted for by changes in population alone. This apparent increase in acute gallbladder disease in young women coincides with the growth between 1960 and 1970 of the number of women taking oral contraceptives, and is further evidence of a causal relationship between the use of the contraceptive pill and the development of gallstones. Women taking oral contraceptive steroids had a higher rate of common bile duct exploration and of sphincteroplasty than did those not taking oral contraceptives. The annual rate of male admissions almost doubled between the two periods and this increase cannot be accounted for by population changes. There has also been a virtual disappearance of acute cholecystitis in children over the same time.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Reduced catheter sepsis and prolonged catheter life using a tunnelled silicone rubber catheter for total parenteral nutrition.

One hundred and five patients were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for an average of 15 days via centrally placed venous catheters. Thirty-seven polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and 80 silicone rubber catheters were used. All the silicone rubber and 8 of the PVC catheters were buried in a subcutaneous tunnel. When silicone rubber catheters were used, there was significantly less catheter sepsis (P much less than 0.01), catheter life was prolonged by 50 per cent and fewer catheter insertions per patient were necessary.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1982

Can direct gas-liquid chromatography of clinical samples detect specific organisms?

A total of 1929 samples was analyzed by direct gas-liquid chromatography and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) patterns of the positive samples were compared with the results of culture. There was no correlation between any bacterial genus or species and the detailed VFA patterns although the presence of butyric or valeric acids, or both, was generally associated with the presence of anaerobes and that of acetic acid was generally associated with aerobic bacteria; however, the technique could not predict the nature of the subsequent bacterial isolate. There was also poor correlation between the VFA pattern in a given sample and the VFA pattern(s) of anaerobic bacteria subsequently isolated from that sample.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

Gas-liquid chromatography in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections: a three year experience.

Nearly two thousand clinical samples were examined by direct gas-liquid chromatography over a three year period. Absence of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the samples correlated well with negative culture results for anaerobic bacteria. In general the presence of acetic acid alone correlated well with the presence of aerobic organisms, whereas the presence of a mixture of VFAs correlated well with the presence of anaerobic organisms, either alone or in combination with aerobes. However a proportion of such VFA-positive samples gave no growth on culture. Swabs gave comparable results to samples of pus or exudates except that a higher proportion of the former were VFA-negative but culture positive.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

A simple system of parenteral nutrition.

The practical problems involved in the preparation and delivery of parenteral nutrition may result in such treatment being withheld from patients who would benefit from it. A simple and reliable system is described which has been developed to overcome the more common problems.

Catheters, Indwelling↗