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Biomedical subjects

A Miles

Publications and source records attributed to A Miles.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A review of bone mineral density scans referred by a community-based menopause clinic in 1997.

Osteoporosis is a growing public health issue for the UK's ageing population. Many older women want know if they are at risk of osteoporosis and if preventive treatment, particularly in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), would be advisable. This results in many women being referred for bone mineral density (BMD) scanning, whether or not they have recognised risk factors for osteoporosis. We present the results of a review of 228 referrals for BMD scan from a community-based menopause clinic. The results are categorised by the indications for the scan. The implications for the future of BMD investigations are considered in the light of ongoing discussion about population screening.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

Identification of APC2, a homologue of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumour suppressor.

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour-suppressor protein controls the Wnt signalling pathway by forming a complex with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), axin/conductin and betacatenin. Complex formation induces the rapid degradation of betacatenin. In colon carcinoma cells, loss of APC leads to the accumulation of betacatenin in the nucleus, where it binds to and activates the Tcf-4 transcription factor (reviewed in [1] [2]). Here, we report the identification and genomic structure of APC homologues. Mammalian APC2, which closely resembles APC in overall domain structure, was functionally analyzed and shown to contain two SAMP domains, both of which are required for binding to conductin. Like APC, APC2 regulates the formation of active betacatenin-Tcf complexes, as demonstrated using transient transcriptional activation assays in APC -/- colon carcinoma cells. Human APC2 maps to chromosome 19p13.3. APC and APC2 may therefore have comparable functions in development and cancer.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1999

Chloroquine increases Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis in vitro.

Malaria parasites are capable of modulating the diversion of resources from asexual growth to the production of stages infective to mosquitoes (gametocytes). Increased rates of gametocytogenesis appear to be a general response to stress, both naturally encountered and novel. We have previously reported earlier and greater gametocytogenesis in response to subcurative antimalarial chemotherapy in the rodent malaria, Plasmodium chabaudi, in vivo. Using an immunofluorescent assay to detect parasites that had invaded red blood cell monolayers, we demonstrate a 5-fold increase in gametocytogenesis in the human malaria, P. falciparum, in vitro, in response to treatment with the antimalarial drug chloroquine. In all clones used, gametocytogenesis increased with increasing inhibition of asexual growth by chloroquine. Furthermore, there were clone differences in the relationship between stress and gametocyte production, implying the response was genetically variable. This was not, however, associated with chloroquine resistance. The epidemiological significance of these results is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Radio and the commodification of natural medicine in Ecuador.

This paper explores the discourse that is being created around medical commodities in one Ecuadorian city in an effort to understand how desire for new medical products is generated and sustained. Commercial natural medicine, which includes vitamins, herbal remedies and tonics is a relatively new addition to the medical marketplace in Ecuador, yet the popularity of these products seems to be growing rapidly. Much of the success of natural medicines is due to promotional campaigns, most notably radio programs, that emphasize and manipulate, important cultural themes about the body, identity, morality and social success. Although on the surface natural medicine seems to be creating a radically new discourse about the body and illness causation, that discourse ultimately serves only to reinforce the unequal social relations associated with capitalist marketplaces.

Advertising↗
PubMed1998

Science, nature, and tradition: the mass-marketing of natural medicine in urban Ecuador.

In the past 15 years, "natural" medicine has become increasingly popular in the southern Ecuadoran city of Cuenca. Natural medicine products, which are distinct from traditional herbal remedies, are commercially packaged and processed and sold in a number of retail outlets in the central shopping district. This article discusses the results of field research to determine the client base of natural medicine and the reasons for its growing popularity among the poorer classes in Ecuador. Using an interpretative framework that posits that medical products carry symbolic messages, I discuss the ways in which important themes of modern life in Ecuador are played out in the packaging and marketing of these products. This research supports the growing body of literature that argues against a medical-systems approach to analyzing medical plurality by highlighting the multiple ideologies found in Ecuadoran beliefs about commercial natural medicine.

Commerce↗
PubMed1997

Patient and parent opinion of the use of recycled orthodontic brackets: an international comparison.

The aim of this study was to determine the opinion of patients and parents to the use of recycled orthodontic brackets. The design consisted of a questionnaire survey, which took place in the orthodontic departments of two teaching hospitals (Cardiff, Wales, and Dunedin, New Zealand). The subjects were patients (and parents of those under 18 years) undergoing active fixed appliance treatment and similar groups of those on the waiting list for fixed appliance treatment. There were no significant differences of opinion between gender, patient, parent, or centre. There were significant differences of opinion between those under treatment and those on the waiting list; those under treatment were less concerned about wearing recycled brackets than those waiting for treatment. All respondents felt that they should be told if recycled brackets were to be used, and any savings arising from their use passed on to the consumer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Evidence-based medicine.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is advocated by its protagonists as prototypical of, and therefore normative for, 'best professional practice', a position which has precipitated visceral anti-EBM sentiments within the international medical press. This article examines the nomenclature, claims, principles and practice of EBM, the matters of authority and competence in defining evidence for practice and how selective utilization of EBM findings will be employed by health service managers in an attempt to manage clinical decision making and ration the medical care of patients and populations.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗