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Biomedical subjects

A Meyers

Publications and source records attributed to A Meyers.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Abnormal colonic motility in progressive systemic sclerosis.

Progressive systemic sclerosis alters smooth muscle function throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In 10 consecutive patients with the disease, colonic spike activity and contractile activity were measured after a 1000-kcal meal, intramuscular injection of neostigmine, or intravenous injection of metoclopramide. The 1000-kcal meal stimulated a significant increase in spike and contractile activity in normal subjects. Nine of the 10 patients had no increase in motility after eating. Neostigmine or metoclopramide stimulated colonic spike (p less than 0.01) and contractile (p less than 0.02) activity in normal subjects and stimulated colonic motility (p less than 0.01) in four of 10 patients with less severe systemic manifestations of the disease (Group 1). The drugs had no effect on patients with severe progressive systemic sclerosis (Group II). The patients with severe scleroderma had significant gastrointestinal roentgenographic abnormalities and severe cardiac, renal, or pulmonary dysfunction. Four of six Group II patients died from the disease; all four had marked smooth muscle atrophy in the colonic wall. These findings suggest that the gastrocolonic response is absent early in the disease process and that the smooth muscle atrophy occurring with progression of the disease may lead to a more severe colonic motor disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Obesity and eating style.

Eating styles of 30 obese women and 37 matched women of normal weight were observed unobtrusively in a fast-food restaurant in the search for an "obese eating style" or other differences between the two groups. The size and character of the food was carefully matched by giving each woman a coupon entitling her to a free meal of either 985 or 1,800 calories. There were only small and inconsistent differences between obese and normal-weight women. No evidence of an "obese eating style" was found.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMed1980

Immunoglobulin levels in smokers and non-smokers.

Immunoglobulin levels were compared in smoking and non-smoking grain handlers and teachers. Mean IgC and IgM levels were significantly lower, and IgE levels were significantly higher, in the smokers than in the non-smokers. IgA levels were also lower but with the numbers studied not significantly so. IgD levels were unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Joint looseness: a function of the person and the joint.

In order to evaluate whether joint-looseness is a function of a particular joint and/or a characteristic of the person (a trait), 124 male and female subjects varying in age from 6 to 18 were tested. Evidence was found that joint-looseness is a trait. The validity of the trait measure was enhanced by finding significant negative correlations with age and performance. Although females were significantly looser on some joint-looseness tests, they were not looser on the trait indicator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Membrane modulation in a methylotrophic bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus (Texas) as a function of growth substrate.

Methylococcus capsulatus (Texas), when grown on methane, undergoes with age a progressive degeneration of internal membrane structure with a simultaneous accumulation of intracellular inclusions. When M. capsulatus is grown on methanol, virtually no internal membranes are present but, instead, cells contain many intracellular droplets morphologically similar to inclusions in old methane-grown cells. Membranes are regenerated by the cells when a methanol-grown culture is transferred back to methane. The oxidative ability of methane- and methanol-grown cells was compared.

Intracellular Membranes↗
PubMed1979

A detailed analysis of the 1-hour posttransplant renal biopsy. Its value in predicting future outcome of kidney transplants.

A detailed histological assessment of the 1-hour posttransplant biopsy has been made in 65 cadaver and related renal transplants. There was a lack of correlation between the numbers of polymorphonoclear leucocytes per glomerulus, the prescence and severity of thrombi, vascular changes, interstitial scars, the presence of absence of immune deposits, and the renal function of the patients at 90, 180 and 365 days. The only positive findings was a statistically significant correlation between the glomerular tamponade at 90 days and the renal function. This was not borne out at 180 and 365 days.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

Telephone-skills training for retarded adults: group and individual demonstrations with and without verbal instruction.

Effects of telephone-skills training delivered to institutionalized retarded adults in group and individual demonstrations, both with and without verbal instructions, were examined. The trials effect was significant for four telephone tasks and for the sum of the four tasks. Persons in all conditions, including the practice control condition, significantly improved skill performance. These findings indicate that, for skill development tasks with retarded adults, demonstration and verbal summaries may add little to the practice experience and that group delivery of training procedures appears to be cost-effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral choristomas of the external auditory canals.

To our knowledge, we report the first case of external auditory canal choristomas in the American literature. The pathologic condition of each side was serous salivary tissue, and at surgery, there was no connection with the parotid gland.

Child↗
PubMed1978

A technique for analyzing clinical data to provide patient management guidelines.

This article describes a technique for analyzing clinical data in order to guide patient management decisions. The technique is illustrated by considering a specific decision problem encountered in the management of possible meningitis, namely, whether or not to administer antibiotics while awaiting the results of a CSF bacterial culture. Data from 303 patients with meningitis are analyzed in order to determine which combination of clinical variables best discriminates between bacterial and aseptic cases. From these variables, a probability tree is constructed that indicates the probability of bacterial meningitis, depending on a patient's clinical characteristics. In addition to identifying the most important variables, the analysis reveals that a number of tests performed routinely on patients with meningitis are of questionable diagnostic value.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1976

Joseph Leidy: his contributions to otology.

Few men of science have contributed more to our understanding of the workings of nature than Joseph Leidy. Philosopher, anatomist, paleontologist, botanist, educator, and natural scientist in the purest sense of the work, Leidy's interest in the humanities and in all aspects of nature lent itself to his exact descriptions of new species and unchartered anatomic realms. His insistence on man's acquaintance with nature fostered a humanistic and sensitive approach to life, something that needs more emphasis today. This communication deals with Leidy's life, his philosophy, and his unique dedication to the study of nature. An appreciation and understanding of his anatomic expertise, particularly of the temporal bone, hopefully will sensitize the modern otologist to the heart and mind of one that preceded him.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocoeles in renal homograft recipients.

UNLABELLED: Seven lymphocoeles have complicated 158 cadaver and 18 related live donor transplants performed over six years. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic problems encountered with lymphocoeles at this centre. Presentation was insidious, delayed (50 days post-op), and manifested by one or more of the following: palpable rectal or supra-pubic mass; unilateral leg oedema; recurrent urine infections with radiographic evidence of obstruction; filling defect in bladder on routine IVP. Possible pathogenetic factors: transplants performed on side of functioning Scribner shunts (6/7 cases); severe rejection episodes with graft lymphatic leak (1/7 cases). Differentiation from urinomas, haematomas, perinephric abscesses or other causes of obstructive uropathy were facilitated by: needle aspiration; IVP and cystogram, serial ultrasound sonography. Lymphangiography was not used. Treatment was conservative in three, repeated aspirations were performed in two and formal drainage procedures were required in three patients. Repeated cyst aspirations resulted in serious infections in both patients. Marsupialisation into the peritoneal cavity failed in one. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The graft should be anastomosed on side opposite a functioning shunt. 2) Lymphocoeles have an occult presentation and should be actively sought for as they may produce urinary obstruction. 3) Serial ultrasound is an excellent method of diagnosis and follow-up. 4) Unless urinary obstruction is present management should be conservative as spontaneous resolution may occur. 5) Ideal surgical management is problematical. Repeated needle aspirations should be approached with caution. Lymphocoeles are an uncommon but well documented complication of renal transplantation (Schweizer et al, 1972; Koehler et al, 1972; Christiansen et al, 1974; Rashid et al, 1974). They represent definite hazards and can either directly or indirectly contribute to morbidity or even mortality in the post-transplant patient. They must be differentiated from other pelvic masses such as urinomas, haematomas and perinephric abscesses as they all require different modes of treatment. As a rule, the diagnosis of one from another is straightforward, but as certain clinical features are shared, differentiation can on occasions be more difficult. In order to clarify some of these problems and outline a mode of therapy, a study was carried out in patients who have presented with lymphocoeles in our unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Compliance and self-medication in cystic fibrosis.

Sixty-one patients with cystic fibrosis were studied to determine the relationship between degree of compliance with taking antibiotics and severity of the disease. The compliance rate was high in these patients, suggesting that perception of the severity of the disease and the potential consequences of discontinuing medication is a principal factor.

Adolescent↗