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Biomedical subjects

A Mesa

Publications and source records attributed to A Mesa.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The community and the control of Aedes aegypti: perception and behavior regarding temephos larvicide].

Given the persistence of Aedes aegypti foci in the Santiago de Cuba municipality in 1998, a survey was made among the dwellers of the houses to find out their acceptance and behaviour in relation with temephos, to precise over the reasons why the product was not kept in water containers and to know the aspects associated with the existence of foci and their control. It was found that there were filled water tanks in houses where there was daily water supply so that dirt can deposit and water be used later. In 72.2% of the houses, water tanks were washed and refilled every 4 day approximately. It was concluded that water dirtiness was an additional factor to keep water in tanks, the use of temephos(abate) in water tanks for domestic use did not meet the objective pursued by this larvicide, the role of fumigation was overvalued and lack of appropriate knowledge may influence the behaviour of these surveyed persons.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between magnetic resonance and disability scales (EDSS and ISS) in multiple sclerosis].

In the present study the lesions in MRI imaging were quantified and compared with the clinical and functional abnormalities in 56 patients (27 females and 29 males) with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). The evolution was relapsing in 30, there were relapses followed by progressive evolution in 10, and evolution was progressive from the onset in 16. A good correlation was found between the disability scale EDSS and total lesions in MRI (r = 0.45), and also with the disability scale EDSS and hemispheric (r = 0.45) and centrioval (r = 0.41) involvements and with lesions near the third ventricle (r = 0.32). The clinical parameters predicting a greater surface of involvement in MRI were late onset (beyond 45 years) and progressive evolution. The best correlation between disability scale and MRI lesions was found between EDSS and periventricular (lateral ventricles) lesions (r = 0.46). The linearly correlation between both disability scales was good (r = 0.86), but it improved when an exponential equation was used (r = 0.91). This could allow to use the more simple scale (ISS) with a mathematical transformation. When the patients with a greatest surface of involvement were compared with the remaining MS patients, significant differences were found for nearly all evaluated disability items. Patients with greater involvement surfaces in MRI had greater disability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the segmentary motility of the left ventricle by dimensional echocardiography in ischemic cardiopathy].

In 30 patients with clinical diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, we correlated the segmental mobility of left ventricular walls as estimated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D Echo), and coronary arteriography findings. In consideration to the distribution of the coronary arteries, the left ventricular circle was divided in 5 sections: anterior interventricular septum, anterior wall, lateral wall, posterior wall and posterior interventricular septum. Each one of these walls were divided in three levels: basal, mid and apical, integrating 15 segments. Potentially we could study 450 segments, but it was only possible to examine 444 (98.6%) by 2-D Echo. In 26 patients in whom the coronary arteriography demonstrated ischemic heart disease, the 2-D Echo showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in recognizing the disease. In respect to the number of obstructed vessels, the sensitivity was the same and the specificity 66.6%. Regarding the location of the obstruction; the results of sensitivity and specificity were: for the left anterior descending 96% and 80% respectively, for the left circumflex 87% and 92% and for the right coronary artery 95% and 90%. In regard to the level of obstruction (proximal, mid or distal) the values were 88.6% and 81.8%. Finally, to recognize the presence of significant obstruction (75% or more) the sensitivity of 2-D Echo was 95% and the specificity 76.1%. It is concluded that the 2-D Echo is useful for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, the number of obstructed vessels, the location, the level and the degree of obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Amiodarone in the control of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias].

The clinical efficacy of amiodarone was observed in a group of 20 patients (9 women and 11 men) with a total 21 supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (16 paroxysms or premature supraventricular beats (PSB) and 5 with established arrhythmias), to whom amiodarone was given during one month: 800 mg/day the first week and 400 mg/day for 3 weeks. An electrocardiogram and a 24 hour Holter were taken before and after treatment. The results observed for paroxysmal arrhytmias and PSB were excellent in 94% and satisfactory in one patient. As for established arrhythmias the results were excellent or satisfactory in 80%. We conclude that ammiodarone is an effective drug with a wide security range in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[2-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of the valvular area in mitral stenosis. Surgical correlations].

The calculation of mitral valve orifice area in patients with mitral stenosis is important because it establish the surgical indication and the type of surgical procedure to be done (commisurotomy, valvuloplasty or valve replacement). Moreover, the postoperative measurement of the mitral orifice area may be useful to evaluate the surgical results and to differentiate between inadequate commisurotomy and restenosis. We studied 12 patients with measurement of mitral orifice area by two-dimensional echocardiography imaging and digital microproccesing. The measurements were compared with the surgeon's estimate. The correlation obtained was of r = 0.86 (p less than or equal to 0.05). The description of the surgeon corroborated the echocardiographic findings respecting mitral subvalvular apparatus in all except one patient. Concerning the thickening of the values, echocardiographic and surgical findings were concordant in 10 patients. The mitral orifice area showed inverse relationship with pulmonary artery wedge pressure measured by catheterization in 5 patients (r = -0.844). After commisurotomy, the mitral orifice area was analyzed in 9 patients, since one patient requerired valve replacement and in two we did not obtain echocardiographic studies. The postoperative increase of the mitral orifice area was significant; (before surgery X 0.6 cm2 +/- 0.16) and after surgery (X 2.7 cm2 +/- 0.22) p less than or equal to 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Patients with indications of open mitral commissurotomy undergoing mitral valve replacement].

Between 1970 and 1979 one hundred and sixty seven patients underwent open mitral commissurotomy (OMC). In 22 of these cases the surgeon had to replace the mitral valve by a prosthesis. The authors discuss the pre-operative cardiac status, the surgical findings and mishaps which led to prosthetic implantation. Mean age for the group was 35 years; atrial fibrillation was found in 73%. Most patients were in class II and III of the NYHA, with a cardiac-thoracic ratio of 56-60%. On X-ray systemic emboli had occurred in 45% prior to surgery. All had predominant mitral stenosis without other valve lesions. Surgical findings were: valve fibrosis in 59%, sub-valvular fibrosis in 33%, moderate calcification in 27% and intracavitary thrombus in 12%. Half of the patients had associated mitral regurgitation (MR) of slight degree. In 11 patients, (50%), the surgeon aggravated the pre-existing MR while performing the valvotomy and had to replace the mitral valve (MVR). In 4 other patients, without previous MR a severe regurgitation was produced during valvotomy and MVR was required. In the 7 remaining, patients MVR was indicated because of valvular, subvalvular fibrosis or calcification. Surgical mortality was 14% as compared to less than 1% for OMC.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in colloido-osmotic pressure in patients on extracorporeal circulation].

Changes in colloidosmotic pressure (COP) were observed in 15 patients submitted to hemodilution for extracorporeal circulation. Preoperative laboratory tests were within normal limits. COP before hemodilution was above 15 mmHg in 14 cases and 12.6 mmHg in one 9-month-old patient, the mean CP was 18.17 mmHg. During extracorporeal circulation the mean COP decreased to 55% of its initial value (9.92 mmHg). Within the first 4 hrs of the postoperative recovery 13 had COP over 11 mmHg; the remaining two died of cardiorespiratory failure with a COP of less than 7 mmHg. One patient that recovered 100% of its initial COP value between 20 and 24 hrs of the postoperative period had his COP decreased to 6 mmHg and developed fatal pulmonary edema. One patient -who died acute bleeding did not diminish his COP under 12.5 mm Hg. We can conclude that COP lower than 10 mmHg can produce fatal cardiorespiratory failure. Extracorporeal circulation time does not influence the COP recovery. Acute bleeding does not diminish COP values. Hemodilution significantly reduces COP; its recovery and stabilization over 11 mmHg are of prognostic value. COP monitoring is a simple and useful method.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dysrhythmias controlled with stellate ganglion block in a child with diabetes and a variant of long QT syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A 9-year-old boy with a history of poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was found at home unresponsive. QT prolongation was diagnosed on inspection of Holter monitoring performed immediately before episodes of ventricular fibrillation. METHODS: In spite of medical management with propranolol, esmolol, phenytoin, and diazepam, the patient continued to have episodes of QT prolongation followed by ventricular dysrhythmias that reverted to sinus rhythm only after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardioversion. RESULTS: A series of left stellate ganglion blocks with bupivacaine eradicated the dysrhythmias. The child was then referred to another institution for insertion of an automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS: This case report emphasizes the effectiveness of left stellate ganglion block with bupivacaine in a child with a variant of long QT syndrome.

Autonomic Nerve Block↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CNS vasculitis after ophthalmic herpes zoster infection].

We present a case of cerebral vasculitis secondary to infection with Varicella Zoster Virus which appeared in a 27 year old patient after a latency period of eight weeks. We emphasize the usefulness of angioresonance as a fitting means of evolutive follow up without the need to carry out control cerebral angiography. We likewise point out the usefulness of acyclovir as the sole treatment necessary in non-complicated cases.

Acyclovir↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of 3 types of lancets for performing prick tests].

Skin Prick Test is considered the cutaneous test of choice in rutinary clinical practice as well as in research. In the last 15 years a large number of lancets for puncture test have been developed looking for a higher level of standardisation and reproducibility. We have compared three lancets, two of them, NeoAbelló (NA) and Dome/Hollister Stier (DHS), used in puncture test and a third one, Blood Lancet (BL), in the modified prick test. Twenty-two patients sensitised to Phleum pratense were tested with the three lancets at three extract concentrations and histamine 10 mg/mL in duplicate. We compared their wheal sizes by means of parallel line assay, their reproducibility, frequency of bleeding wheals, the disturbance for the patient and the correlation between specific IgE and skin response. Wheal size was similar for puncture tests (DHS and NA lancets) and significatively lower than BL, being necessary to increase 1.9 times the extract concentration when using DHS and NA lancets to achieve the same wheal size than when using BL lancets (p < 0.01). Reproducibility with histamine was similar with the three lancets while with the extract was somehow better with puncture tests but without statistical significance. Bleeding was significantly more frequent with BL although this did not influence the results. Less pain was obtained with BL. Finally, correlation with specific IgE was slightly significant for NA and very similar for the other two. With these results in mind we think that any of the three lancets is valid for the diagnostic of the allergic patient. Nevertheless, puncture tests are probably the most suitable at a research level.

Adolescent↗