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Biomedical subjects

A Menotti

Publications and source records attributed to A Menotti.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Changes of serum selenium and serum cholesterol in children during sexual maturation.

We investigated the relationship of the degree of sexual maturation to serum selenium and serum cholesterol fractions in a population of Italian children. The following measurements were taken in 109 immature and 108 mature children of both sexes (aged 12 and 13a): serum selenium, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, height, weight and degree of sexual maturation. Considerable differences were found in the two sexes at the end of maturation, with boys showing a significant decrease in serum selenium, HDL and non-HDL serum cholesterol levels. All variables, except height and weight, remained relatively constant in girls. These data indicate significant changes of serum selenium and serum cholesterol patterns during puberty, at least in boys, suggesting an involvement of sexual hormones in regulating serum selenium levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Blood pressure changes as predictors of future mortality in the seven countries study.

Twelve cohorts of men aged 40-59 at entry, enrolled in six countries (Finland, The Netherlands, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece and Japan), giving a total of 8,287 subjects, were examined for the measurement of cardiovascular risk factors and then followed-up for 20 years. Changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurred over the first 10 years in 6,767 men and these values, computed by an integral-like procedure (Delta-SBP), were used as possible predictors of fatal events recorded in the second 10 years of follow-up. Men who had a relative increase of SBP in the first 10 years showed an excess risk of death as compared with those who had a relative decrease of SBP, after adjustment for age and entry levels of SBP. Such relative risks were greater than 1 in the cohorts pooled within each of the six countries, ranging from 1.07 to 1.79 for all causes of death and from 1.12 to 2.15 for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease deaths (coronary, stroke and peripheral atherosclerotic disease). The Cox model was solved using the same two end-points as dependent variables and, as coviariates, six risk factors measured at entry examination (age, cigarettes smoked per day, body mass index, serum cholesterol, physical activity at work and systolic blood pressure). By adding Delta-SBP the predictive power of the models was significantly improved and the coefficients of Delta-SBP proved to be statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Voltage criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in sudden and nonsudden coronary artery disease mortality: the Italian section of the Seven Countries Study.

It is unclear whether sudden or nonsudden death can be predicted independently from other risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to measure 12-lead QRS voltage sum, a recently proposed (Am J Cardiol 1985;55:485-494) index of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and its ability to predict either subsequent sudden (less than 2 hours) or nonsudden CAD death during 20 to 23 years of follow-up in 1,588 middle aged men (40 to 61 years old) from 2 cohorts of the Italian section of the Seven Countries Study who were free of demonstrable CAD (at entry examination in 1962). The Sokolow-Lyon and the modified Sokolow-Lyon indexes, 2 standard electrocardiographic methods to detect LV hypertrophy were also measured and compared. During follow-up, 67 patients died suddenly and 87 died a nonsudden CAD death. In the Cox proportional-hazards model, age, mean blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, cholesterol, physical activity, smoking habit, ST-T alterations (Minnesota codes 4.1 to 4.3 together with 5.1 to 5.3) and the 3 electrocardiographic indexes, all measured at the time of enrollment into the study, were included. The 12-lead QRS voltage sum retained significant and independent relation to sudden death (t = 2.00); Sokolow-Lyon index entered the Cox solution for nonsudden CAD death but the association was inverse (t = -2.10). ST-T alterations were significantly associated only with nonsudden CAD death (t = 2.19). Thus, in addition to several known risk factors, measurement of 12-lead QRS voltage sum in middle-aged men without clinical evidence of heart disease may help identify subjects at an increased risk of sudden death; nonsudden CAD death is predicted by Sokolow-Lyon index and by ST-T alterations. The usefulness of these indexes needs to be tested in different populations.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1990

Consumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council.

The cross-sectional association between consumption of various fats (eg, butter, olive oil, and vegetable oil) and risk factors for coronary heart disease was analyzed in a sample of 4903 Italian men and women 20 to 59 years of age. The intake of fats was ascertained by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Increased consumption of butter was associated with significantly higher blood pressure and serum cholesterol and glucose levels for men; in women only the association with glucose reached statistical significance. In both sexes consumption of olive oil and vegetable oil was inversely associated with serum cholesterol and glucose levels and systolic blood pressure. These findings were adjusted for confounding effects of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These cross-sectional findings from a large population sample suggest that consumption of butter may detrimentally affect coronary risk factors, while polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats may be associated with a lower coronary risk profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Life expectancy in Italian track and field athletes.

Nine hundred eighty-three top Italian track and field athletes (700 males and 283 females) were examined for survival, mortality and causes of death for an average follow-up period of 18.6 years starting from their last year of competition as members of the national team. Overall mortality rates were compared to the rates expected on the basis of the life tables for Italian people of the same age, sex and time period. Thirty-four deaths were observed among males (vs 46.6 expected) with a O/E ratio of 0.73, while 3 deaths were observed among women (vs 6.2 expected) with a O/E ratio of 0.48. Neither of these differences was significant, but the O/E ratio for the group as a whole was quite significant (p = 0.0296). Some of the athletes demonstrated behavioural characteristics developed during their active careers that might have contributed to their low mortality rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Diet and coronary heart disease risk factors in a population with varied intake. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of The Italian National Research Council.

The relationship between consumption of foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol and a number of coronary heart disease risk factors (blood pressure, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides) was analyzed in a large sample (4,917) of Italian men and women, ages 20-59 years. The dietary habits of the participants were ascertained with a food frequency questionnaire. Intake of atherogenic foods (foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats) was evaluated for each participant. In both sexes, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose, and serum cholesterol increased with higher consumption of atherogenic foods. These findings were independent of any possible confounding effect of age, adiposity, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking. The present article confirms previous findings that consumption of foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Twenty-five-year mortality from coronary heart disease and its prediction in five cohorts of middle-aged men in Finland, The Netherlands, and Italy.

Five cohorts of men ages 40-59 (Finland: 2 cohorts of 1,677 men; Netherlands: 1 cohort of 878 men; Italy: 2 cohorts of 1,712 men) were examined and evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors in 1959-1960 and subsequently followed-up for mortality over the next 25 years. Age-adjusted death rates from coronary heart disease were highest in Finland (244 per 1,000), intermediate in The Netherlands (195 per 1,000), and lowest in Italy (122 per 1,000) with a twofold range between the extremes. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for single cohorts and for the pools of national cohorts with coronary heart disease deaths as endpoints and 12 risk factors as covariates. It showed the significant and almost universal predictive value of these factors (with some rare exceptions). The most highly predictive values were age, blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and physical activity (negative relationship). The prediction of events within each country using the risk function of the others produced errors ranging from -19% to +51%. The largest errors were those involving the Italian cohorts whose experience tended to underpredict coronary heart disease mortality elsewhere and to be overpredicted by the risk functions of the other countries. Solving a Cox model which included all the cohorts, and adding dummy variables for the identification of nationality, it appears that the relative risk, everything else being equal, is 1.49 and 1.34 for a Finnish man, compared with Italian and Dutch men, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous changes of systolic blood pressure as predictors of future fatal events. Italian Research Group of the Seven Countries Study.

Three cohorts of men aged 40 to 59 at entry, for a total of 2480 subjects, were examined for the measurement of some cardiovascular risk factors and then followed-up for 20 years. Changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) over the first 10 years in 2088 men and computed by an integral-like procedure (delta-SBP) were used as possible predictors of fatal events recorded in the second 10 years of follow-up. Men who had a relative increase of systolic blood pressure in the first 10 years showed an excess risk of death as compared to those who had a relative decrease of systolic blood pressure (adjusted for age and for SBP at entry levels). The relative risk between the two groups was 1.38 for all causes of mortality (ALL), 1.50 for the pool of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality (ACVD), 1.68 for coronary heart disease deaths (CHD) and 1.19 for stroke deaths (STR). These relative risks are all statistically significant except for strokes. The Cox model was solved using the same four end-points as dependent variables (ALL, ACVD, CHD, STR, separately) and as covariates some risk factors measured at entry examination (age, cigarettes smoked per day, body mass index, serum cholesterol, physical activity at work, systolic blood pressure) and, in addition, the indicator of SBP changes (delta-SBP). By adding delta-SBP the predictive power of the model was significantly improved and the coefficient of delta-SBP proved to be statistically significant (P less than .05). This was true for all end points except stroke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Twenty-year stroke mortality and prediction in twelve cohorts of the Seven Countries Study.

Twelve cohorts of men aged 40-59 for a total of 8287 individuals in six countries (Finland, the Netherlands, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece and Japan) were examined in the late 1950s or early 1960s for the measurement of some risk factors and then followed up for mortality and causes of death through 20 years. Large differences in 20-year death rates from stroke were recorded among cohorts, with the highest levels in the pool of the Yugoslavia (67 per 1000) and Japanese cohorts (62 per 1000) and the lowest in the Dutch cohort (22 per 1000). The simple linear correlation (among cohorts) of stroke mortality on mean levels at entry of some factors showed inverse significant coefficients for systolic (-0.63) diastolic (-0.51) and mean blood pressure (-0.72), and for serum cholesterol (-0.72), whereas no significant coefficients were found for mean body mass index, mean cigarette consumption and mean physical activity. The Cox model solved for six national pools of cohorts showed that only age and mean blood pressure carry significant positive coefficients, whereas all the other available factors (cigarette consumption, serum cholesterol, body mass index, physical activity) did not approach significant levels except the negative coefficients of smoking habits in Greece.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Total and HDL cholesterol and their correlates in elderly men in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands.

In 1984 and 1985, 25-year follow-up studies were carried out in the Italian, Finnish, and Dutch cohorts of men originally examined around 1960 in the Seven Countries Study. Risk factors for coronary heart disease were determined in 2,255 men aged 65-84 years. The average serum total cholesterol levels of the elderly men in Finland and the Netherlands were similar, at around 236 mg/dl (6.10 mmol/liter). The average serum total cholesterol levels of the elderly men in Italy were about 10 mg/dl (0.26 mmol/liter) lower. During 25 years of follow-up, the average serum total cholesterol level increased by 29 mg/dl (0.75 mmol/liter) among the Italian survivors, decreased by 23 mg/dl (0.59 mmol/liter) in the Finnish survivors, and did not change in the Dutch survivors. Age, Quetelet index, and coffee consumption were the most important correlates of total cholesterol in these elderly men. Quetelet index, alcohol consumption, age, and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The results of this study suggest that modifiable risk factors are related to total and HDL cholesterol in elderly men in different cultures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Multiple risk factors in hypertension: results from the Gubbio study.

The association between hypertension and a number of cardiovascular disease risk factors was assessed in the large population sample of Gubbio, a town in central Italy that dates back to medieval times. The data confirm those of previous studies showing that hypertension is strongly associated with other metabolic abnormalities, such as markedly overweight subjects, hyperuricaemia, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, that may be related to the aetiopathogenesis of high blood pressure and, in addition, compound the risk of major clinical cardiovascular events in people with hypertension. The findings are therefore relevant for prevention strategies. In addition, the association between erythrocyte sodium-stimulated lithium countertransport and hypertension is being studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[L-carnitine for the treatment of acute myocardial infarct].

The treatment with L-carnitine in acute myocardial infarction was tested in 146 patients admitted in a coronary care unit. The administration of L-carnitine was based upon the drug availability and did not occur at random. Altogether 49 patients received the drug and 97 served as controls. By comparing the clinical characteristics at hospital admission a worse prognosis could be expected in those who did not receive the drug. Within 28 days from admission no deaths were observed in the treated group whereas 18 deaths (18.6 percent) were recorded among the controls. The prediction of fatal events was estimated by multiple logistic function taking the 28-days mortality as end point (either including or excluding the 72 hours early deaths) and using 2 different sets of factors as possible predictors, including the use of the drug. In particular there were 18 factors usually claimed as determinants of short term prognosis and 9 factors which were shown statistically different between the 2 groups. In all the 4 solutions the coefficient of L-carnitine was negative and in 3 of them also statistically significant, suggesting the protective role of the drug against early fatalities. Only the coefficient of the clinical impression of severity showed a greater statistical significance. The reported observations can be defined as the results of a pilot study which justify a more systematic study of the drug in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Surveillance of coronary and cerebrovascular events. Experience and teachings of the Latin Area of the Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases project].

The paper reports data collected during the first three years (1983-1985) of the MONICA Project--Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases--in the Area Latina. The age adjusted attack rates for coronary heart disease, averaged over a three year period, were 328 per 100,000 per year in males and 101 in females. The correspondent rates for cerebrovascular diseases were 247 and 161 per 100,000 respectively. The fatality rates for coronary events were 8.3% for males and 8.6% for females within the first hour. They rose to around 30% for both sexes within 24 hours and to 56% in males and 73% in females within 28 days. The fatality rates for cerebrovascular diseases during the first day were 25.3% in males and 27.8% in females, while within 28 days they reached 44.2% and 51.0% respectively. A large proportion of fatal events (about 50% for coronary cases and almost one third for cerebrovascular cases) occurred at home without any health care assistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Multivariate prediction of the first major coronary event. The Italian experience in a 25 years follow-up].

Two rural samples, totaling 1712 men aged 40-59 at entry, have been followed-up for 25 years for incidence of the first major coronary event and for the study of its prediction, using 28 risk factors or characteristics, as measured at entry. The probability of developing a first major coronary event in 25 years was 22.13% on the basis of the life tables technique. Out of all the recorded events, 24.6% were fatal within 2 hours from the onset of symptoms and 35.9% within the first month. The multivariate analysis carried out by the proportional hazards model allowed to identify a set of factors with highly significant coefficients for the prediction of the event. These factors are age, mean blood pressure, serum cholesterol, the presence of arcus senilis. Marital status (protective), physical activity (protective), forced expiratory volume (protective), family history of myocardial infarction and cigarette consumption were predictive to a lesser extent. Nineteen remaining factors explored in this analysis had no predictive value.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

High density lipoprotein cholesterol distribution and predictive power in some Italian populations studies.

Nine Italian population samples, for a total of 12,365 males and 8,043 females aged 11 to 84, were examined. The age and sex distribution of HDL-cholesterol levels were calculated for studying its relationship with major cardiovascular risk factors, and for estimating its predictive power on coronary events and on all causes of mortality. Mean values of HDL-cholesterol in the pool of the samples ranged, according to different age groups, from 46.4 to 56.8 mg/dl in males and from 53.7 to 55.8 mg/dl in females. The linear correlation coefficients between HDL-cholesterol and 10 risk factors did not show high levels except those with triglycerides in men aged 20-34 (-0.33) and 35-64 (-0.34). Using the multiple linear regression model the levels of HDL-cholesterol were estimated as a function of the 10 risk factors solving 4 equations (for males, females and for two age groups, 20-34 and 35-64). The factors showing significant coefficients were body mass index (negative), triglycerides (negative), cigarette smoking (negative), alcohol consumption (positive), physical activity (positive), and non-HDL-cholesterol (negative). The Cox model was used for the prediction of coronary death and all causes of death and the logistic function for the prediction of coronary incidence in two of the studies on men aged 46-65 (6 year follow-up) and aged 60-79 (5 year follow-up), and including 5 other factors as possible confounders. Only the univariate prediction of coronary deaths in one study (men aged 46-65) provided a significant coefficient for HDL-cholesterol (t = -2.7624).

Adolescent↗