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Biomedical subjects

A Mayr

Publications and source records attributed to A Mayr.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (respiratory and cardiac disturbances) (author's transl)].

Except for rectal, vesical and sexual disorders almost nothing is known about disturbances of autonomic functions in multiple sclerosis. MS plaques, however, do not spare vegetative centres and spinal tracts. Therefore autonomic disorders are to be expected in other functional ranges as well. We could not confirm the study of Neubauer and Gundersen (1978) who found the short time variability and the long time variability of pulse rate to be significantly diminished in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. Our investigation, however, revealed frequent occurrence of rigid, paradoxical and atactic courses of the patients' graphs obtained by "averaging" the pulse rate alterations dependent on respiration. We consider this to be an indication of cardio-respiratory hyposynergia in precision regulations. As compared with the normal control group the patients' respiratory rate was significantly raised, and this was almost exclusively due to an abbreviated time of inspiration. Concerning the pulse rate and the pulse-breathing quotient the patients did not differ significantly from the healthy controls. The findings in 40 MS patients (definite diagnosis) and in 40 healthy persons point to the fact that cardio-respiratory disorders are no rare occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

New emerging viral zoonoses.

New developments in the field of viral transmission from animal to man can be divided into four areas of study. First are the new viral zoonoses such as diseases caused by rotaviruses, Lassa virus and the animal orthopox viruses which will be more prevalent after the cessation of mandatory vaccination against smallpox. Secondly are the numerous ubiquitous viruses, such as adeno and herpesviruses, which in healthy animals lead only to clinically inapparent infections. A typical example of the third area is the recombination and hybridisation between animal and human influenza type A viruses. The final area is concerned with the transmission of viral zoonoses to man through food of animal origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of different parapoxvirus strains.

Six stomatitis papulosa and three Orf virus strains were compared by serology and by DNA restriction analysis. A neutralization kinetic study revealed extensive serological cross-reactivity between all strains, but did not allow their classification. Restriction analysis of viral DNAs revealed two distinct groups among the stomatitis papulosa strains while the Orf virus strains formed a third, more heterogeneous group. The large heterogeneity of restriction patterns of parapoxvirus DNAs as compared to those orthopoxviruses is discussed.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1980

[Radioprotective effectiveness of the paramunity inducer "pind-avi": investigation using the model "protective tetanic vaccination in mice" after exposure to X-rays (author's transl)].

The model "protective tetanic vaccination in mice" was used in order to try whether the paramunity inducer Pind-Avi may diminish or suspend radiation-induced immunosuppression. The radioprotective effect was ascertained from the different results of immunization in mice exposed to radiation after pretreatment with either Pind-Avi or placebo. The dose delivered amounted to 300 R. Tetanus toxoid was used for immunization. Effectiveness of the tetanic vaccination was analysed by means of load tests with 10 LD50 tetanus toxin, and of antibody determination with passive hemagglutination. Evidence was shown of significant radiation protection following subcutaneous application of Pind-Avi once a day during three days before of after exposure. Efficiency in mice treated with Pind-Avi amounted to 75% (pre-irradiation treatment) and to 43% (postirradiation treatment), whereas the efficiency in controls was zero in all cases. Thus, it was possible with Pind-Avi to suspend radiation-induced immunosuppression within a period of 3 days before or after radiation exposure, not only by means of prophylactic but also by therapeutic administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Abolition of compulsory vaccination against smallpox. Increased danger to humans from animal smallpox? (author's transl)].

After the world-wide eradication of human smallpox, compulsory vaccination against smallpox will no longer be applicable in future in most countries. Although the human smallpox virus (variola virus) appears to have no animal reservoir, humanity is increasingly endangered in future by animal smallpox viruses pathogenic in man against which he has been so far protected by the general smallpox vaccination. This is a virus type of the Genus Orthopox virus. The risk from animal pox viruses, which are not related to the Orthopox virus, remains unchanged. Of the animal Orthopox viruses the monkey pox viruses deserve special attention; possibly rodents also play a decisive role in transmission of smallpox.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effectiveness of a new "paramunity" inducer (PIND-AVI) for human beings and animals].

Attenuated and by treatment with gamma rays inactivated avian Pox viruses (PIND-AVI) stimulate in man and animals selectively the T-lymphocytes. In this way PIND-AVI helps to repair a reduced reactivity of lymphocytes damaged by cytostatic chemotherapy: The lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin could be normalized. In immunodeficient patients PIND-AVI showed very good effects in the treatment of herpes Virus infections.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

[Nature and significance of persistent infections (author's transl)].

The "persistent" viral infections, besides "subclinical" infections, pertain to the vast group of "clinically inapparent" infections. They differ from subclinical infections by a temporally unlimited "co-existence" with the pathogen. Pathogenetically, three forms of development are possible: 1. latent infections, 2. tolerated infections, 3. occult infections. Persistent viral infections are the inexhaustible reservoir for many viruses. To the organism affected they may be of benefit (infection immunity, interference, paraimmunity) or of disadvantage (activation of the infection with conversion into a disease, cause of many chronic, slowly developing disease processes, immunopathogenic consequences), the disadvantages prevailing. To the environment, persistent infections are invisible sources of danger as they produce carriers and chronic carriers.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1979

In vitro studies on Borna virus. II. Properties of the virus.

Successful cultivation and titration of Borna disease virus in cell cultures enabled detailed studies of the virus properties. Borna virus is labile towards treatment with heat, pH 3.0 and lipid solvents. It is relatively stable at low temperatures and in frozen state. It is easily inactivated by ultraviolet light as e.g. vesicular stomatitis virus. After ultrafiltration studies, the size of the infectious virus unit is between 80 and 100 nm. Its buoyant density in cesium chloride is 1.165 g per ml. The one step multiplication curve shows that Borna virus has a replication cycle of about 2 days in BSC 1 cells. In growth experiments using antimetabilites it behaves like certain RNA containing viruses. As its multiplication is not inhibited by bromo- and iododeoxyuridine and actinomycin D, no DNA step seems to be involved in virus synthesis. Regarding these properties and the intracellular antigen distribution as shown by fluorescent antibodies, it is not possible to attribute Borna virus to any of the established virus groups.

Antimetabolites↗
PubMed1979

Physical characterization of a stomatitis papulosa virus genome: a cleavage map for the restriction endonucleases HindIII and EcoRI.

The genome of stomatitis papulosa virus (a parapoxvirus) was cleaved with the restriction endonucleases HindIII and EcoRI, each giving rise to 6 fragments respectively. Double digestion with both enzymes resulted in 8 bands, two of which contained DNA fragments in double molar concentrations as revealed by reciprocal digests of isolated DNA fragments. The genome size, estimated by summation of the molecular weights of the fragments, is approximately 86 X 10(6) daltons, some 30 X 10(6) daltons smaller than vaccinia virus (an orthopoxvirus) DNA. The cleavage sites of HindIII and EcoRI endonucleases were mapped on the genome by analysis of reciprocal digests of isolated DNA fragments and by cross-hybridization experiments. This yielded two mapped segments which were then oriented relative to one another by cleavage of isolated partial digestion products. The terminal restriction fragments show rapid renaturation after alkali denaturation and subsequent neutralization, indicating that stomatitis papulosa virus DNA contains terminal cross-links analogous to those found in vaccinia virus DNA.

Animals↗