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A Mayr

Publications and source records attributed to A Mayr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Efficacy of prescription-eligible digital health applications for depression and generalized anxiety disorder in Germany: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In Germany, prescription-eligible digital mental health applications (DiGA) were introduced in 2020 as promising interventions to address, among others, depression and anxiety disorders, two of the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide. Despite growing interest in DiGAs, their overall efficacy remains uncertain. This study aimed to systematically evaluate and quantify the efficacy of prescription-eligible digital interventions for depression and generalized anxiety disorder by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (19 trials; total N = 4,078; pooled mean age = 38.7 years, SD = 12.1). Here we show that prescription-eligible digital applications for depression and generalized anxiety disorder reduce symptom severity compared with control conditions. For depression, effects were observed both immediately after the intervention (number of apps = 5; k = 17; SMD = - 0.49; 95% CI - 0.65 to - 0.32) and at follow-up (number of apps = 1; k = 4; SMD = - 0.35; 95% CI - 0.46 to - 0.29), while evidence for generalized anxiety disorder was limited due to a small number of available studies (number of studies = 2). These findings support the integration of evidence-based digital tools into mental health treatment strategies in Germany. However, the available evidence is currently dominated by a small number of applications, particularly Deprexis, and should therefore not be interpreted as equally representative of all DiGAs currently listed for depression in Germany. The findings also highlight methodological limitations of current research and underscore the need for real-world evaluations, which address not only efficacy but also the effectiveness, content, quality and implementation.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder↗
PubMed2006

T-cell reactivity against HSP60 relates to early but not advanced atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Anti-heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) antibody-levels have been linked to carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in a variety of studies. The potential role of cellular immune reactions against HSP60 has so far attracted little attention in epidemiological research. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro T-cell reactivity to various HSP60s and tuberculin was assessed in blood samples from a elderly subpopulation of the Bruneck study (100 men, 50-69 years) and the young participants of the ARMY study (141 men, 17-18 years), and analyzed for a potential association with common carotoid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). In vivo skin reaction against tuberculin was recorded in subjects of the Bruneck study and correlated with the in vitro proliferative response to tuberculin (P=0.004). T-cells isolated from peripheral blood of all individuals proliferated upon stimulation with HSP60s. In multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for standard risk factors, T-cell stimulation was significantly related to IMT in the ARMY (P=0.005 for human HSP60 and P=0.064 for mycobacterial HSP60) but not in the Bruneck study. CONCLUSIONS: T-cell reactivity against HSP60s correlated with IMT in male youngsters but not in men aged 50 and over, indicating a more prominent role of specific cellular immunity to HSP60s in the young and very early stages of atherosclerosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of hematologic data in world elite junior speed skaters and in non-athletic juniors.

During the world junior speed skating championship 2002 all athletes (60 males, 56 females) were subjected to hematologic blood testing one day before the competition as requested by International Skating Union--ISU. This study aimed to obtain hematological reference values for junior athletes, whilst the influence of endurance training on hematologic variables of young athletes was studied. Hematologic results of athletes were compared to results of non-athletes matched by age and gender (14 males, 17 females). The blood analysis was done on an ADVIA 120. To compare measurement of ferritin, erythropoietin, and soluble transferrin receptor in serum as well as in EDTA-plasma, serum and EDTA-blood was obtained from the control group. In hemoglobin and hematocrit we found no significant difference between the two groups, whereas the number of erythrocytes was lower in athletes. The mean corpuscular volume was higher in athletes, whilst the corpuscular hemoglobin content was only marginally higher in athletes than in non-athletes. Consequently corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean was lower in athletes than in non-athletes. There was no difference of erythropoietin and soluble transferrin receptor, whilst in ferritin we found a difference between the groups. Endurance training does not change the values of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Increased mean corpuscular volume and decreased corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean could be a result of changed properties of red blood cell-membrane caused by acidosis and higher osmolality during the training. In junior athletes we did not find an iron overload as described in some adult athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Interaction of serotonin with Candida albicans selectively attenuates fungal virulence in vitro.

In this study we investigated whether the direct interaction between Candida albicans CBS 5982 and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) alters candidial virulence. Hyphae elongation, phospholipase activity and the production of secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) following 5-HT treatment were investigated. 5-HT treatment of C. albicans significantly (P < 0.05) affected hyphal extension, phospholipase activity and the production of Saps at concentrations of 118-0.46 mM. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the interaction between 5-HT and C. albicans may diminish the virulence properties of this fungal pathogen.

Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases↗
PubMed2004

Chronic paracoccidioidomycosis in a female patient in Austria.

Presented here is a case of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis that occurred in a Cuban female living in Austria and was first misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. The clinical picture was one of progressive pulmonary insufficiency with fever, weight loss and productive cough. Since antituberculous therapy was started but did not achieve a long-term clinical response, an intensive diagnostic work-up was performed. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was then diagnosed by histopathology, serology, microbiology and molecular identification. Antifungal therapy was commenced immediately with amphotericin B (1 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, followed by voriconazole (200 mg/day po) for at least 3 months, and the lesions disappeared almost completely. This report presents the first published case of imported paracoccidioidomycosis in a female patient in Austria.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Taking advantage of the positive side-effects of smallpox vaccination.

From the introduction of smallpox vaccination approximately 200 years ago right up to its discontinuation (1980), reports by physicians and scientists about positive side-effects such as healing of chronic skin rashes, reduced susceptibility to various infectious diseases, e.g. measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough, and even the prophylactic use of the vaccination, e.g. against syphilis, were published again and again. Comparison with the period after cessation of vaccination confirms the experiences of the above vaccinators. As early as 1956, targeted research on these observations led to evidence of the 'ring-zone phenomenon', i.e. the production of soluble antiviral substances in infected chicken embryos and cell cultures. With the help of modern immunological and bioengineering methods, it was later possible to demonstrate that these effects are based on the activation of lymphoreticular cells and the regulatory effect of certain cytokines within the context of the non-specific immune system. These findings led to the development of paramunization with paraspecific vaccines from highly attenuated animal pox viruses. During attenuation, deletions in the virus DNA occur. Attenuated animal pox strains are therefore suited for the production of vector vaccines. The fact that these vector vaccines demonstrate an especially high level of paraspecific efficacy and lack harmful effects is likewise the result of the attenuated animal pox viruses. Optimum regulation of the entire immune system leads to increased paramunity already in the first few days after vaccination and to enhanced antigen recognition and thus accelerated commencement of specific immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Near drowning: epidemiology--pathophysiology--therapy].

Near-drowning is a frequent preventable accident with a significant morbidity and mortality in a previous healthy population. In most patients the primary injury is pulmonary failure due to fluid aspiration, resulting in severe arterial hypoxemia and secondary damage to other organs. Immediate interruption of hypoxia is of utmost importance in the emergency situation. Accurate neurologic prognosis cannot be predicted from initial clinical presentation, laboratory, radiological or electrophysiological examinations. Prompt resuscitation and aggressive respiratory and cardiovascular treatment are crucial for optimal survival. This review provides the reader with detailed information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, emergency decision making and general treatment in near drowning accidents.

Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Development of a non-immunising, paraspecific vaccine from attenuated pox viruses: a new type of vaccine.

The various research periods leading to the development of paraspecific vaccines are described. Paraspecific vaccines are new, pyrogen-free, non-toxic preparations that contain non-immunising antigens and can be used to generate endogenic protective, non-antigen specific mechanisms in the sense of paramunization in humans and animals. They consist of highly attenuated and inactivated (0.05% Betapropiolactone) virus strains of various poxvirus genera. They activate the T helper cells and cellular elements of the paraspecific (innate) immune system and initiate the associated production and release of cytokines (cytokine cascade) with the goal of eliminating dysfunctions of the immune systems, rapidly enhancing the individual's non-pathogen- and non-antigen-specific defences and exerting a regulatory effect on the interplay between the immune, hormone, nervous and vascular systems (signal-transduction mediators). They can be used systemically (intramuscularly) and locally (mucous membranes, skin). Immunization with paraspecific vaccines does not lead to postvaccinal complications and can be carried out as often as necessary, even for a number of years. They are compatible with conventional medicines and conventional specific vaccines. Closely linked protein complexes in the envelopes of the virus particles are responsible for their efficacy, some of those envelope protein complexes possess the properties of weak super antigens. Paraspecific vaccines have proved effective in combating viral infections, in particular herpes and hepatitis B and C infections, and chronic inflammatory diseases, and also as adjuvant therapy for tumours, for curing stress-related disturbances and dysfunctions of the immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The seventh prototype of the mini-spindle-pump: does it fulfill the expectations of a short-term pump?

According to recent trends to develop implantable nonpulsatile blood pumps for different function modes and times, our intention was and still is to build a Mini-Spindle-Pump for a pumping duration of about 14 days. Initial conception for this plan was the premise that the device in a mock circuit should move 4 L of water/min at a speed of 12,000 to 15,000 rpm against a pressure difference of 90 mm Hg between pump inlet and outlet. Despite the development of 6 different prototypes, this project was not realized. Under the above-mentioned conditions, the main problem of this type of blood pump, the blood trauma, could not be reduced to an adequate level, i.e., the Mini-Spindle-Pump is not a high speed pump. Therefore, a revision of the conception was necessary. The device in a mock circuit should transport 5 L of water/min at a speed of about 9,000 rpm against a pressure difference of 90 mm Hg between its inlet and outlet. Considering the implantability of the blood pump, the following measurements for its components were arrived at. The U-shaped blockformed plexiglas housing was enlarged to 120 x 40 x 40 mm (length of blood chamber 86 mm, inner diameter 27 mm), and the rotor with 5 windings was redesigned at a length of 64 mm (outer diameter 25 mm, inner diameter 6.7 mm). In a mock circuit, this 7th prototype transported with a speed of 9,000 rpm about 10 L of water/min at an afterload of 80 mm Hg. In acute animal experiments with calves up to 15 h of pumping duration, the device showed the expected efficiency. Experiments with a longer pumping duration are necessary to confirm that this prototype will fulfill the criteria of a short-term pump according to Dr. Y. Nosé's advice.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2001

Effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on intestinal oxygen supply and mucosal tissue oxygen tension.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate effects of intravenous norepinephrine (NE) and phenylephrine (PE) on intestinal oxygen supply in an autoperfused, innervated jejunal segment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, randomized animal study in an animal research laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 24 anesthetized and normoventilated pigs a segment of the jejunal mucosa was exposed by midline laparotomy and antimesenteric incision. Mucosal oxygen tension (PO2muc; Clark-type surface oxygen electrodes), microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbO2, tissue reflectance spectrophotometry), and microvascular blood flow (perfusion units, PU; laser Doppler velocimetry), systemic hemodynamics, mesenteric-venous acid base and blood gas variables, and systemic acid base and blood gas variables were recorded after a resting period and at 20-min intervals during infusion of NE (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 micrograms x kg-1 x min-1; n = 8) or PE (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 micrograms x kg-1 x min-1; n = 8) and in controls (n = 8) without treatment. RESULTS: NE infusion led to significant tachycardia, an increase in cardiac output, and systemic oxygen delivery and consumption while PE progressively increased mean arterial pressure with only small effects on systemic blood flow. NE or PE infusion did not affect mesenteric venous oxygen tension (baseline: PE 53 +/- 5, NE, 52 +/- 4.2 mmHg), mesenteric oxygen extraction ratio (baseline: PE 0.29 +/- 0.08, NE 0.3 +/- 0.06), jejunal microvascular blood flow (baseline: PE 254 +/- 127, NE 282 +/- 72 PU), PO2muc (baseline: PE 31 +/- 9.1, NE 33 +/- 11 mmHg), and HbO2 (baseline: PE 52 +/- 9.6%, NE 58 +/- 11.6%). CONCLUSION: Despite major differences in systemic hemodynamics jejunal tissue oxygen supply is not affected by progressively increasing intravenous infusion of norepinephrine and phenylephrine.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Risk factors associated with new onset tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery--a retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tachyarrhythmias (TA) represent a frequent and serious problem after cardiac surgery. We retrospectively analyzed 987 cardiac surgery patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit between 1996 and 1999 to assess incidence and risk factors associated with development of postoperative TA in the intensive care unit. METHODS: TA (n=149) were defined as non-sinus rhythm with a heart rate (HR) > or =100 bpm in patients with preoperative sinus rhythm or as heart rate > or =130 bpm in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation. A total of 787 patients served as controls (C). Demographic, premorbidity and perioperative data, admission SAPS and MODS-score, presence of clinical syndromes systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis were univariately compared between groups. For prediction of independent risk factors for TA-development two multiple logistic regression models were finally established. RESULTS: Concerning TA, atrial fibrillation and flutter (76%) were observed most frequently, followed by paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (15%) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (11%). Age, a history or presence of congestive heart failure, development of SIRS and sepsis, severity of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and in particular severity of cardiovascular failure proved to be independent risk factors for development of TA. CONCLUSION: In cardiac surgery patients, age, a history or presence of congestive heart failure, postoperative development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis and the severity of multiple organ function syndrome were independent predictors for development of TA in the intensive care unit. The association of severity of cardiovascular dysfunction with TA strongly suggests a causal relationship between catecholamine therapy and TA-development.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Effects of epinephrine on intestinal oxygen supply and mucosal tissue oxygen tension in pigs.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of increasing dosages of epinephrine given intravenously on intestinal oxygen supply and, in particular, mucosal tissue oxygen tension in an autoperfused, innervated jejunal segment. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized experimental study. SETTING: Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Domestic pigs. INTERVENTIONS: Sixteen pigs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and normoventilated. A small segment of the jejunal mucosa was exposed by midline laparotomy and antimesenteric incision. Mucosal oxygen tension was measured by using Clark-type surface oxygen electrodes. Microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation and microvascular blood flow (perfusion units) were determined by tissue reflectance spectrophotometry and laser-Doppler velocimetry. Systemic hemodynamics, mesenteric-venous acid-base and blood gas variables, and systemic acid-base and blood gas variables were recorded. Measurements were performed after a resting period and at 20-min intervals during infusion of increasing dosages of epinephrine (n = 8; 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or without treatment (n = 8). In addition, arterial and mesenteric-venous lactate concentrations were measured at baseline and at 60 and 120 mins. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Epinephrine infusion led to significant tachycardia; an increase in cardiac output, systemic oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption; and development of lactic acidosis. Epinephrine significantly increased jejunal microvascular blood flow (baseline, 267 +/- 39 perfusion units; maximum value, 443 +/- 35 perfusion units) and mucosal oxygen tension (baseline, 36 +/- 2.0 torr [4.79 +/- 0.27 kPa]; maximum value, 48 +/- 2.8 torr [6.39 +/- 0.37 kPa]) and increased hemoglobin oxygen saturation above baseline. Epinephrine increased mesenteric venous lactate concentration (baseline, 2.9 +/- 0.6 mmol x L(-1); maximum value, 5.5 +/- 0.2 mmol x L(-1)) without development of an arterial-mesenteric venous lactate concentration gradient. CONCLUSIONS: Epinephrine increased jejunal microvascular blood flow and mucosal tissue oxygen supply at moderate to high dosages. Lactic acidosis that develops during infusion of increasing dosages of epinephrine is not related to development of gastrointestinal hypoxia.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed2001

Blunted erythropoietic response to anemia in multiply traumatized patients.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relations between anemia, serum erythropoietin (EPO), iron status, and inflammatory mediators in multiply traumatized patients. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Twenty-three patients suffering from severe trauma (injury severity score > or =30). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood samples were collected within 12 hrs after the accident (day 1) and in the morning on days 2, 4, 6, and 9 to determine blood cell status, serum EPO, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor I (sTNF-rI), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neopterin, and iron status, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration was low at admission (mean, 10.0 g/dL; range, 6.8-12.9 g/dL) and did not increase during the observation time. Serum EPO concentration was 49.8 U/L (mean value) on day 1 and did not show significant increases thereafter. No correlation was found between EPO and hemoglobin concentrations. TNF-alpha remained within the normal range. sTNF-rI was high at admission and increased further. IL1-ra was above the normal range. IL-6 was very high at admission and did not decrease thereafter. The initial neopterin concentration was normal, but increased until day 9. Serum iron was significantly decreased on day 2 posttrauma and remained low during the study. Serum ferritin increased steadily from day 2, reaching its maximum on day 9. In contrast, concentrations of transferrin were low from admission onward. CONCLUSIONS: Multiply traumatized patients exhibit an inadequate EPO response to low hemoglobin concentrations. Thus, anemia in severe trauma is the result of a complex network of bleeding, blunted EPO response to low hemoglobin concentrations, inflammatory mediators, and a hypoferremic state.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Raman and infrared spectral studies of tungsten organometallic carbyne complex at high external pressure].

The Raman and infrared spectra of complex: [Cl(CO)2 (DPPE) W identical to CC6H4C identical to CC6H4NC]2 Re Cl(CO)3 (DPPE = bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, (Ph)2PCH2CH2P(Ph)2) were measured at high external pressure (up to about 50 kbar). The pressure induced phase transition was observed near 30 kbar. The pressure dependence d nu/dp of nu (W identical to C) at the low-pressure phase is a little high (0.59 cm-1.(kbar)-1) and is very low (0.04 cm-1.(kbar)-1) at the high-pressure phase. It shows that the pi-backbonding from W to pi*--orbital of CO is strengthened at the high external pressure in fragment Cl(CO)2 (DPPE) W identical to C; The bond intensity and the force constant of W identical to C and nu (W identical to C) are decreasing; This effect compete with the normal increasing nu (W identical to C) on compression.

Carbamates↗
PubMed2000

Tachyarrhythmias in a surgical intensive care unit: a case-controlled epidemiologic study.

OBJECTIVE: Incidence, types, and factors associated with new onset tachyarrhythmias (TA) in surgical intensive care patients. DESIGN: Pairwise-matched case-controlled study. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with nine intensive care beds. PATIENTS: During a 1-year period, all TA patients (n = 89) were included in the study. Control patients (n = 82) without TA were matched according to age, sex, and surgical region. METHODS: TA workup included: 12-lead ECG, arterial blood gas, serum electrolyte (K+, Mg2+), and serum CK/CKMB isoenzyme analysis. Pre-existing cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, cardiovascular risk factors, preoperative regular medication, and admission SAPS were recorded in all patients. A multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score, the presence or absence of SIRS or sepsis, and hemodynamics (MAP and CVP) before onset of TA were evaluated in TA patients, while in control patients highest MODS-score, the presence or absence of SIRS or sepsis, mean hemodynamic and laboratory values calculated from highest and lowest readings during ICU stay were used for statistical comparison. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables multivariately associated with TA. RESULTS: Eighty-nine (14.8%) of 596 patients developed TA. Atrial fibrillation was most frequent (60.7%). Presence of SIRS or sepsis (adj. OR = 36.45; 95% CI: 11.5-115.5), high admission SAPS (adj. OR = 1.25/point; 95% CI: 1.08-1.44), high CVP (adj. OR = 1.27/mmHg; 95% CI: 1.09-1.48), and low arterial oxygen tension (adj. OR = 0.97/mmHg); 95% CI: 0.95-0.99) were found to be significant predictors for development of TA. CONCLUSIONS: In surgical patients hypoxia, high cardiac filling pressures, a greater degree of physiologic derangement at admission, and the presence of SIRS and sepsis are independent risk factors for the development of TA.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Further evidence that behavioral tests and neuropeptide mRNA and tissue level alterations can differentiate between typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.

This study was designed to compare some behavioral and biochemical effects of chronic treatment with a range of antipsychotic drugs. Gene expression of enkephalin, chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and secretogranin II and their respective peptide products were studied with in situ hybridization and radioimmunoassays after daily oral administration of haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, or zotepine for 21 days. In behavioral tests, significant catalepsy was induced by haloperidol only. All four antipsychotic drugs increased hind paw retraction time but only haloperidol also increased forelimb retraction time. In the caudate putamen, haloperidol increased both enkephalin mRNA expression and enkephalin tissue levels. Neither of these parameters was altered by the other three drugs. In the prefrontal cortex, antipsychotic drugs generated a distinct pattern of gene expression in two regards. First, the dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist, haloperidol, did not significantly alter synaptic protein levels or their encoding mRNAs. Secondly, there was a differential change in tissue levels and mRNA expression since secretogranin II was not affected by any tested antipsychotic drug. This study shows that different types of antipsychotic drug induce distinct behavioural effects as well as differential changes in the biosynthesis of synaptic proteins and their encoding mRNAs. The data reinforce the notion that haloperidol can be classed as a typical antipsychotic drug whilst clozapine, zotepine, and risperidone reflect their atypical classification.

Animals↗