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Biomedical subjects

A Mason

Publications and source records attributed to A Mason.

133 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ossifying parotid carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: CT findings.

The CT appearance of a large necrotic carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland is described. The tumour contained trabecular bone, which was correctly identified on a preoperative CT examination and which indicated the origin of the tumour to be a benign pleomorphic adenoma. This degree of macroscopic bone formation is rare in pleomorphic adenoma, and its demonstration by CT has not been previously reported.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aboriginal perspective on middle ear disease in the arid zone of Western Australia.

OBJECTIVES: To explore perceptions, knowledge and experience of otitis media (OM) and barriers to compliance with treatment among Aboriginal people of the Kalgoorlie-Boulder area, Western Australia. METHODS: This qualitative applied research study is based on a holistic design. We conducted structured interviews with three community focus groups, 56 key informants, and 22 mothers of babies known to have suffered from OM. Written records of interviews were checked with participants. The three sources of data enabled comparison and verification of results. RESULTS: People were concerned about serious consequences of OM, especially deafness and learning difficulties. Since early disease may have no localizing symptoms, not surprisingly, people had limited understanding of the aetiology of OM and were often only aware of disease once ear discharge was visible. Nevertheless, they usually sought treatment for non-specific symptoms. Competing demands in people's daily lives and the unpleasant, intensive nature of treatment result in families becoming resigned to a child's chronic ear discharge. Someone other than the biological mother within the extended family may be responsible for administering treatments. Half the carers thought passive smoking may predispose children to OM and 70% suggested clearing the nasal passages to prevent OM. Results of surgery were viewed positively but specialist services were not always readily accessible. CONCLUSIONS: Since responsibility for treatment may not lie with the biological mother, awareness campaigns must target the entire community. As early OM may be asymptomatic, health personnel should be encouraged to do otoscopy on all children with non-specific symptoms.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of CD2 in regulation of CD3- LGL function.

CD2 is a differentiation marker present on T cells and NK cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can be activated by antibodies directed against the CD3/T-cell receptor complex and CD2 structures; however, the role of CD2 in regulation of CD3- large granular lymphocyte (LGL) functions has only recently been studied. Anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may be either augmenting or inhibitory and T-cell activation via the CD2 molecule occurs only when mAb binds defined combinations of the CD2 epitopes. Since LGL can be activated by a single stimulus (e.g., IL-2) to proliferate, produce IFN gamma, and increase their cytolytic potential, these functions were chosen to examine the effects of the anti-CD2 mAb and its combinations. Anti-CD2 mAb (D66, GT2, and X11-1) were incubated with LGL for various times in the absence or presence of IL2 and IFN gamma production was monitored. Single anti-CD2 mAb treatment demonstrated minimal augmentation of IFN gamma production. However, combinations of anti-CD2 (9.6) and the other anti-CD2 mAb resulted in a significant, synergistic enhancement of the IFN gamma production. Anti-CD2 mAb treatment appeared to inhibit production generated by optimal doses of IL-2 (1,000 U/ml). The effect of anti-CD2 mAb on IFN gamma production parallel their effects on LGL NK and LAK activity. These data suggested that mAb against the CD2 molecule were important in regulating LGL functions in the absence of a functional CD3 receptor in LGL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenytoin-oxacillin interactions in normal and uremic sera.

Displacement of phenytoin (90% bound to albumin) by other strongly albumin-bound drugs such as salicylate and valproic acid may result in an increase in pharmacologically active free concentrations. The antibiotic oxacillin is also strongly bound to albumin and is often administered to patients receiving phenytoin. Oxacillin at a concentration of 15 micrograms/ml caused no significant displacement of phenytoin in a serum pool prepared from patients receiving phenytoin. However, a significant increase in the free phenytoin concentration was seen at an oxacillin concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. We also prepared a serum pool from uremic patients and another from patients with hypoalbuminemia and supplemented both of them with phenytoin. Significant increases in the free phenytoin concentration occurred with both 15- and 50-microgram/ml concentrations of oxacillin. In one hypoalbuminemic patient receiving both phenytoin and intravenous high-dose oxacillin, the free phenytoin fraction was 22.5% before oxacillin therapy, 24.1% 12 hours after first dose of oxacillin, and 27.2% after 60 hours, indicating the possibility of in vivo displacement of phenytoin by oxacillin. We conclude that the phenytoin-oxacillin interaction is not significant at lower dosages of oxacillin usually prescribed for oral therapy. However, the interaction may be significant at high concentrations of oxacillin, especially in patients with hypoalbuminemia or uremia.

Anticonvulsants↗