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Biomedical subjects

A Mason

Publications and source records attributed to A Mason.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Morphogenesis of an identified leech neuron: segmental specification of axonal outgrowth.

We have investigated the development of segmental diversity in an identified leech neuron, the Retzius cell. Retzius cells in the genital segments differ from those in other segments in lacking central axons and contacting different peripheral targets: the genitalia. These differences are not apparent during initial axon outgrowth, when all Retzius cells follow the same morphogenetic pattern. Rather, they first appear about the time the peripheral axons of the genital segment Retzius cells contact the genital primordia. This suggests that the pattern of central and peripheral axonal outgrowth may be modified by an interaction with peripheral targets.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An economic analysis of recent fertility in Japan: an application of the Butz-Ward model.

The authors apply the Butz-Ward version of the new home economics model of fertility to Japan, using annual time-series data for 1963-1984. This model postulates that "both men's and women's current wages operate independently in explaining fertility movements in the United States." Some of the theoretical and technical problems with this model are discussed. The authors then propose five alternative specifications to the Butz-Ward model and test the applicability of each specification to Japan (SUMMARY IN JPN)

Asia↗
PubMed1985

Thermal injury in the pregnant patient.

Thermal injury sustained during pregnancy presents special management problems for both the gravid woman and her unborn child. Of 6,573 admissions to this burn center during the period of 1950 through 1982, 1,157 (17.6 per cent) were female and 448 (6.8 per cent) were of reproductive age. Thirty of this latter group (6.7 per cent) of burned patients were pregnant at the time of injury. These 30 patients ranged in age from 16 to 37 years old (an average of 22.7 years) and the burned portion of the total body surface area ranged from 6 to 92 per cent (an average of 39.7 per cent). A review of the clinical courses of these 30 patients suggests several observations and conclusions. Pregnancy does not alter the maternal outcome after thermal injury and maternal survival is usually accompanied by fetal survival in the absence of significant complications. If the injury of the gravid patient is lethal, the pregnancy will usually terminate spontaneously prior to her death. Obstetric support and aggressive fetal monitoring is recommended for all moderately and severely burned pregnant patients. Obstetric intervention may be considered in the ill patient with a near term fetus in whom significant complications (such as, hypotension, hypoxemia or sepsis) jeopardize the life of the fetus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The meaning of touch in care practice.

76 respondents were asked to categorise 28 specified examples of touching within health care. Broad agreement was found across the sample group as a whole, in its application of 8 of the 10 categories offered by the researchers. The need for alternative or additional categories and the occasional differences between responses of professional groups are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Effects of recombinant and hybrid recombinant human leukocyte interferons on cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells.

Two recombinant human leukocyte interferons (A and D), five hybrid interferons containing varying portions of A and D, and one fibroblast recombinant interferon were tested over a wide range of concentrations for their ability to modulate cytolytic activity of human natural killer (NK) cells. All of the interferons tested were purified to homogeneity. Although all the interferons were active, there were significant quantitative differences in their ability to augment cytolysis and the rank order of potency was reproducible among donors. The various recombinant interferons were also tested for their ability to augment mouse NK activity and the parental D and the A/D hybrids exhibited significant augmentation of cytolysis, which was consistent with their interspecies reactivity in viral neutralization assays. There generally was a direct correlation between antiviral activity and the ability of interferon to augment mouse NK activity; however, this correlation was not evident when tested on human cells. The study of these hybrids led to the identification of two molecules (A/D Bgl and A/D Pvu) which are very active in augmenting mouse NK activity. In addition, considerable insight has been obtained regarding the structure-function relationship of these leukocyte interferons and their ability to boost murine NK. This biological activity was associated with the COOH-terminal portion of the D interferon.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The reformation of information technology.

During the last twenty years there have been major changes in European health services in the need for information, technology and the information user. The need for information for management purposes has been highlighted by the shift away from running institutions to providing health care for defined populations, and the diminution in financial growth available to health services. To provide comprehensive care in the current financial climate there is a requirement for relevant and timely information about the patients being treated, the population from which they come and the cost and effectiveness of the treatment being provided. Major changes have occurred in both the software and hardware available for information technology (IT) applications. Modern technology cannot only process statistical data but also acquire, process, store and disseminate vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information. Among applications of interest to health service managers are quantitative data systems, planning systems, text management systems and communications both within the organization and with other organisations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Cell-free translations of proline-rich protein mRNAs.

Treatment of rats with the beta-agonist isoproterenol causes a dramatic increase in a series of proteins rich in proline (proline-rich proteins) in the parotid glands (Muenzer, J., Bildstein, C., Gleason, M., and Carlson, D. M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5623, 5629). These proteins which contain about 43% proline, comprise more than 50% of the total soluble protein of glands of rats treated with isoproterenol for 10 days. Further studies by in vitro translation analysis using the reticulocyte lysate system and labeling with [3H]proline or [35S]methionine show definitive changes in patterns of protein synthesis and proline-rich protein mRNAs are highly elevated in treated animals. Analysis of translation products by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed (1) very little synthesis of proline-rich proteins from poly(A+) RNA of glands of normal rats, (2) poly(A+) RNA from glands of treated animals synthesize mainly proline-rich proteins, (3) translations with [3H]proline and [35S]methionine give identical labeling patterns from cell-free translations are all precipitated by antibodies to proline-rich proteins. At least six different proline-rich proteins are translated with poly(A+) mRNA from glands of treated animals. Each of these proteins is likely a translation product of a separate, specific mRNA. The dramatic changes in protein synthesis of rat parotid glands in response to isoproterenol treatment suggest to us that the parotid gland of the isoproterenol-treated rat is an excellent model system to study the overall responsiveness of gene expression to catecholamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Kallikrein and renin: molecular biology and biosynthesis.

1. A cDNA clone library was constructed from male mouse submandibular gland poly(A)+RNA. 2. A 500 base-pair sequence consisting of a 3' untranslated region plus a 447 base-pair region coding for an amino acid sequence having 57% homology with the C-terminal 149 amino acids in the 230 amino acid chain of porcine pancreatic kallikrein was identified. 3. The sequence was strongly but not completely homologous with known mouse submandibular gland serine proteinase sequences and represents the first report of a DNA base sequence for a serine proteinase. It may be part of the gene coding for kallikrein. 4. The biosynthetic pathway for renin was established by continuous-labelling, pulse-chase and cell-free translation studies of submandibular gland tissue from normal and testosterone-induced mice. 5. Renin was synthesized as a mol. wt. 46000 preprorenin which is likely to be hydrolysed before completion of the nascent chain. A prorenin of mol. wt. 44500, pI 6.4 was identified and shown to be rapidly converted into a mol. wt. 40000, pI 6.2 renin, which was then converted more slowly into forms of mol. wt 35500, pI 5.6 and mol. wt. 34000, pI 5.4.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Molecular structures of three hydroxyl derivatives of the hepatic carcinogen acetylaminofluorene. Evidence for preferred orientation of the acetylamino side-chain.

The molecular and crystal structures of three hydroxyl derivatives of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), have been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The structures of l-hydroxyl-AAF, N-hydroxyl-AAF and 3-hydroxyl-AAF have shown that in general their geometries are similar, both in respect bond distances and angles, and in respect of side-chain disposition. Possible reasons for the differences in biological activity between the three derivatives are discussed.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗