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A Marcoen

Publications and source records attributed to A Marcoen.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

More or less the same? A memorability analysis on episodic memory tasks in young and older adults.

A relative memorability analysis was conducted on a young (19.5 years, n = 48) and an old (67.0 years, n = 45) age group, using 10 episodic memory tasks (four lists of words, four lists of paired associates, and two texts). Probability of recall of individual items (lists) or idea units (texts) by the older adults could be predicted from probability of recall for the corresponding items or idea units by the young adults, with a median correlation (corrected for test unreliability) of .88. It was found that the same item characteristics predicted recall probability of individual items or idea units in both age groups. For lists of words and texts, no differences were found in the slopes of the regression functions relating item characteristics to recall probability in the two age groups. For 3 of 4 lists of paired associates, the slopes for item characteristics significantly predicting recall probability were reliably larger for the older adults as compared with the young adults. It can be concluded that age differences in deliberate recall are to a large amount quantitative, and not qualitative, in nature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Significance of grandparents for young-adult grandchildren].

Do young adult grandchildren find their grandparents important? What are the meanings that grandparents seem to have for these grandchildren? Those were the leading questions in the present study. Subjects were 239 university students (mean age: 19.5 years). They completed the Grandparents Meaning Scale, a recently developed 82-item instrument which probes for 11 a priori dimensions of meaning of grandparents for grandchildren: (I) Reliable alliance, (2) Affection and emotional support, (3) Reassurance of worth, (4) Practical and financial support, (5) Link with the past, (6) Acquaintance with aging, (7) Mentor and role-model, (8) Kinkeeper, (9) Mediator between children and parents, (10) Substitute caregiver, and (11) Distant figure. Subjects rated the importance and meaning of 222 grandmothers and 159 grandfathers. The results confirmed earlier findings. Young adult grandchildren generally found their grandparents important. Grandparents were valued because they provide their grandchildren with reassurance of worth and emotional support, and link their lives to the historical past. Grandmothers received higher scores than grandfathers on seven scales (1-4, 8-10). Grandfathers had higher scores on just two of the scales (5 and 11). Gender differences emerged with regard to the ratings of the grandmothers only. Girls had higher scores than boys on eight scales (1-3, 5, 7-10) and boys had a higher score on just one scale (11).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: a meta-analytic study.

The effectiveness of memory training for the elderly was examined through a meta-analysis of pre-to-posttest gains on episodic memory tasks in healthy subjects aged 60 or above. Pre-to-posttest gains were found to be significantly larger in training groups (0.73 SD, k = 49) than in both control (0.38 SD, k = 10) and placebo (0.37 SD, k = 8) groups. Treatment gains in training groups were negatively affected by age of participants and duration of training sessions and positively affected by group treatment, pretraining, and memory-related interventions. No differences in treatment gain were obtained as a function of type of mnemonic taught nor the kind of pretraining used.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Representation of self and socioemotional competence in kindergartners: differential and combined effects of attachment to mother and to father.

In the present study, we examined the differential predictive power and the joint or compensatory effects of representations of child-mother and child-father attachment for children's representation of self and their socioemotional competence. The representations of attachment were assessed by an attachment story completion task, completed once for mother and once for father (in counterbalanced order). Eighty participants (40 boys and 40 girls), aged between 55 and 77 months (M = 5 years 3 months), took place in the study. The socioemotional competence (peer social competence, disruptive behavior, anxious/withdrawn behavior, and school adjustment) and behavioral manifestations of self-esteem were evaluated by the kindergarten teacher. The inner representation of self (positiveness of self, perceived competence, and social acceptance) was assessed in a subgroup of 50 children. Results showed that the relative predictive power of child-mother and child-father attachments differed according to the domain of child functioning that was assessed. More specifically, it was found that the child's positiveness of self was better predicted by the quality of the child-mother attachment representation than by the quality of the child-father attachment representation. In contrast, the child's anxious/withdrawn behavioral problems were better predicted by the quality of the child-father attachment representation than by the quality of the child-mother attachment representation. With regard to the joint effects of child-mother and child-father attachment, it was found that a secure attachment to one parent can compensate for or buffer against an insecure attachment to the other parent. However, the buffering effect was not complete.

Affect↗