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Biomedical subjects

A Marchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Marchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Study of the bone pathology in early mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease).

Histological examination of the bones obtained on autopsy of a 5-month-old child with mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) revealed inhibition of the growth plate calcification with defective vascular invasion and signs of hyperparathyroidism. These findings are the chondro-osseous basis of the early radiological ricket-like appearance of bones in the neonatal period or soon thereafter. Whether the early skeletal abnormalities of mucolipidosis II result from a primary enzymatic defect of cartilage and bone cells or from factors controlling bone metabolism deserves further study.

Dysostoses↗
PubMed1989

Mucolipidosis II: correlation between radiological features and histopathology of the bones.

Twelve cases of Mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) with a wide range of severity of skeletal involvement were studied. Pathological findings in two cases provided helpful information in understanding the radiographic features of dysostosis multiplex. Inhibition of the growth plate cartilage calcification and rickets-like lesions were observed in the metaphyses. Enhanced subperiosteal remodelling and paratrabecular fibrosis were also evident in the diaphyses. High levels of parathormone were found in one case. This finding supports the hypothesis that bone lesions may be secondary, at least in part, to damage in such viscera as the kidney and/or the liver and that they are mediated by vitamin D and parathormone.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1989

Experimental studies on the maintenance of Toscana and Arbia viruses (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus).

Transovarial transmission (TOT) of Toscana (TOS) and Arbia (ARB) viruses in a laboratory colony of Phlebotomus perniciosus is reported. Toscana and ARB viruses were maintained in P. perniciosus females, initially infected by intrathoracic inoculation, for 2 and 3 consecutive generations respectively. TOT was demonstrated in F1 (75%) and F2 (67%) generation adults for TOS and F1 (47%), F2 (37%), and F3 (34%) generation adults for ARB virus. The progressive decline of virus infection rates in each generation suggests that these agents cannot be maintained indefinitely by TOT. No infection was observed in F1 progeny after female parents were fed through membranes with either virus. Transovarially infected females were able to transmit TOS virus by bite to a susceptible vertebrate. Venereal infection of P. perniciosus females mated to males transovarially infected with TOS virus was seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral extensive skin necrosis of the lower limbs following prolonged epidural blockade.

Skin necrosis has not been described as a complication following epidural sympathetic blockade. We report a case of bilateral extensive skin necrosis of the lower limbs after a 48-hour lumbar epidural blockade in a 71-year-old patient with right hemiplegia and mitral valve regurgitation, without any preoperative clinical evidence of peripheral vascular disease or diabetes, who underwent transurethral prostatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Restriction endonuclease digestion and chromosome banding in the mosquito, Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae).

Fixed chromosomes of the mosquito, Culiseta longiareolata (2n = 6) were treated in situ with nine restriction endonucleases and stained with ethidium bromide or Giemsa. All the heterochromatic regions were apparently protected from digestion by all enzymes except Mbo I. This enzyme selectively digested one of the three types of heterochromatin present in the species. Staining with the fluorochrome quinacrine after enzyme treatment produced a standard Q-banding pattern or a Hoechst 33258-like pattern, depending on the enzyme. These results confirmed: (a) the presence of three types of heterochromatic containing different DNA fractions in the chromosomes of this species, (b) restriction enzymes accessibility to the DNA of heterochromatin regions, and (c) the selective cleavage of particular DNA fractions without DNA removal. Moreover, quinacrine staining after enzyme digestion proved useful in detecting differential activity among enzymes which produced the same banding pattern with standard dyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Iron status in children undergoing tonsillectomy and its short-term modification following surgery.

Red cell and iron status parameters were studied in a group of 44 children undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infections and in a control group of 40 healthy children. In the patient group, before tonsillectomy, 8 children presented a latent iron deficiency and 15 a decrease in serum ferritin levels. This altered iron status can be attributed to a reduced intestinal iron absorption, due to recurrent infections. One and seven days following surgery there was a significant fall in serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation, in parallel with an increase of serum ferritin and alpha-2 globulins levels. These modifications cannot be attributed to the blood loss, as proven by the constancy of haemoglobin level and of other red cell parameters, but to an unspecific reaction to surgical stress, as observed in fever, traumas and inflammation. They reflect an altered processing of iron, with a temporary block of its release to plasma and an increased storage within the reticuloendothelial cells.

Child↗
PubMed1988

[Isoflurane pollution in operating rooms].

In three operating rooms of a Sardinian hospital, the Authors have measured the air levels of isoflurane using static samplers. Anaesthetic mean daily concentrations ranged from 3.5 to 41.5 ppm in room A, from 4.1 to 24.4 ppm in room B, from 9.5 to 30.4 ppm in room C above all depending on the length and the number of surgical operations. The Authors emphasize the need of suitable prevention measures.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

The mosquitoes of Sardinia: species records 35 years after the malaria eradication campaign.

1. Thirty-five years ago malaria was eradicated from Sardinia by massive application of DDT directed against the mosquito vector species, Anopheles labranchiae, but the long-term effects on the mosquito fauna have not been investigated previously. 2. A 5-year mosquito survey (1980-85) involved in the inspection of 348 sites (plus 173 reinspections) and the processing of nearly 60,000 specimens. 3. Twenty-four species in six genera were identified from larval and adult collections. Species of the genera Culex (41%) and Aedes (22%) were more commonly encountered than Culiseta (18%) and Anopheles (17%) species. Orthopodomyia (1.6%) and Coquillettidia (0.6%) were far less frequent. 4. The species composition was similar to that described for the years of the eradication campaign, except for the genus Anopheles. Of the eight Anopheles species previously recorded, only four species were identified in collections of 1159 larvae from eighty-five positive sites. 5. Anopheles labranchiae was the most frequently collected species of its genus (49%), but was represented in only 12% of the total collections. Comparison with previous records indicated a progressive increase in sites positive for An.labranchiae over the past 35 years. 6. Anopheles hispaniola was not found, although it had apparently replaced An.labranchiae soon after the eradication campaign. An. labranchiae was common in the sites where the replacement phenomenon has been observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

In situ digestion of Drosophila virilis polytene chromosomes by AluI and HaeIII restriction endonucleases.

Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila virilis were treated with AluI and HaeIII restriction endonucleases. Both enzymes were capable of extensively digesting chromosomal DNA, with the exception of some regions that contain repetitive DNAs. Moreover, a comparison was made between our data and the data already obtained with the same enzymes in D. melanogaster. On this basis, AluI digestion showed that the 5S RNA genes of D. virilis and D. melanogaster have different base composition, while digestion with HaeIII revealed resistance of the histone genes in D. virilis, contrary to what was previously found in D. melanogaster.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Chromosome banding homologies in three species of Aedes (Stegomyia).

The chromosome complements of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Aedes mascarensis, and Aedes albopictus, belonging to the subgenus Stegomyia, gave a uniform response to the Q-, H-, and R-banding techniques. Of the three homomorphic chromosome pairs, only the shortest or sex pair (I) showed a consistent banding pattern. In the three species, a bright yellow intercalary band was present on one arm of both chromosomes of the sex pair after heat treatment and staining with acridine orange. The rest of the chromosome and the other two pairs fluoresced orange-red. The same intercalary region appeared completely dark with the fluorochromes quinacrine and Hoechst 33258, while the rest of the chromosomes fluoresced dull. The same banding pattern was present in males and females. Size variations of the Q- and H-negative and R-positive intercalary bands were observed within each species. The results are interpreted in terms of structural homology of the sex-determining chromosomes, which is retained within the subgenus.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Aminophylline antagonizes diazepam-induced anesthesia and EEG changes in humans.

General anesthesia was induced in eight subjects by the slow IV injection of 60 mg diazepam. During the anesthetic effect, the EEG was characterized by 3-5 Hz high voltage activity. Immediate recovery of consciousness and reversal of the EEG pattern to fast low voltage activity was obtained after the IV injection of 60 mg aminophylline. On the other hand, three diazepam-treated subjects who received IV saline instead of aminophylline recovered from anesthesia 73-120 min after saline.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Polytene chromosomes of Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera, Culicidae).

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis is the only European representative of the tribe Orthopodomyiini (Diptera: Culicidae). Its chromosomal complement consists of three pairs of metaphase chromosomes, as it is typical of culicine mosquitoes. O. pulcripalpis shows, differently from other culicine species, polytene chromosomes of excellent cytological quality, easily obtainable from the larval salivary glands. A photomap of the polytene chromosomes of the species is described in the present paper together with some details on chromosomal polymorphism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Establishment and maintenance of persistent infection by the Phlebovirus Toscana in Vero cells.

Persistent infections were established by serial undiluted passages of the Toscana virus of the genus Phlebovirus in Vero cells. Persistence was maintained through more than 70 passages over a period of 2 years. The persistently infected cells were morphologically similar to the parental Vero cells and released variable amounts of infectious virus. A small percentage of the persistently infected cells produced infectious virus while a larger percentage was shown to possess viral antigens by fluorescent antibody staining. Temperature sensitivity and host cell interferon production were not involved in establishment or maintenance of persistence. The persistently infected cultures were resistant to superinfection with homologous Toscana virus, but they were susceptible to superinfection with heterologous viruses of different genera or families. Toscana virus persistently infected cells showed a selective graded resistance to the replication of other Phleboviruses. Additionally, the virus from persistently infected cells interfered with the replication of standard Toscana virus when they co-infected normal cells. The characteristics of the persistently infected cultures are compatible with some of the characteristics described for the persistence mediated by defective-interfering particles of other viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The outcome of Wilms' tumor in infants. Italy 1970-79.

Thirty-four infants under 1 year of age with Wilms' tumor were diagnosed and treated in 14 Italian pediatric oncology units during 1970-79. The 3-year survival rates decreased with higher group unilateral tumors: 95% in group I Wilms' tumor, 75% in group II and 20% in group III. The survival rates for children with group I and II Wilms' tumor were similar for those who were treated with surgery and chemotherapy and those who also received postoperative radiotherapy. During 1975-79 fewer patients with group I Wilms' tumor received radiotherapy (1 of 11) than during 1970-74 (4 of 6, p less than 0.05). All these children are alive at this writing.

Female↗