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Biomedical subjects

A Mannucci

Publications and source records attributed to A Mannucci.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Drug impurities: problems and regulations.

The matter of impurities is a frequently debated issue, mainly focused on the validation of the analytical methods and on the toxicology of potential impurities. In the first part of the review, the classification, the source and the chemical aspects of impurities are briefly considered according to the current international regulations. A special attention is given to the analytical control, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, of unexpected impurities arising from changes in the manufacturing process or by degradation. The thresholds for identification and qualification of impurities in new drug substances and in new drug products are examined together with the safety studies, when required. Finally, the acceptance limits for four classes of residual solvents are also reported.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1997

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1996

Forensic evaluation of HUMCD4: an Italian database.

The YTTTC pentanucleotide short tandem repeat polymorphism HumCD4 was studied in an Italian population sample. PCR products were compared to an allelic ladder by manual PAGE and silver staining. A total of 6 alleles ranging from 5 to 12 repeats were represented in the analysed sample, of which 3 alleles (10, 6 and 5 repeats) were predominant and displayed a combined frequency of 0.91. Successful amplification was obtained from different sources such as blood and urine stains, teeth and paraffin embedded tissues. Results were also determined in cases of severely degraded DNA. We consider that the HUMCD4 polymorphism may be a useful tool for individual identification, paternity testing, population studies and have also employed this locus to monitor engraftment of bone marrow transplantation.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1996

DNA typing from human faeces.

A method has been developed for the forensic analysis of faeces by DNA amplification and direct sequencing of a polymorphic segment of mitochondrial DNA. Starting from as little as 10 mg wet weight of faeces, DNA was extracted by a variety of protocols and amplified using primers specific to hypervariable region 1 of the mitochondrial control region. The resulting amplification products were sequenced in solid phase using an automated DNA sequencer. In total, mtDNA sequences were generated from the faeces of nine Caucasians and compared with sequences generated from their respective blood samples. Sequences of faeces and blood samples from the same individual were identical in every case, but a range of 1-10 nucleotide differences was observed between individuals, with an average sequence variation of approximately 4.88 per 400 bp. Of the various extraction protocols assessed in this study, greatest success rates were achieved using magnetisable beads to bind and purify the DNA. STR analysis of DNA extracted from faeces was not routinely possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of a short tandem repeat locus on chromosome 19 (D19S253).

A tetranucleotide tandem repeat locus on chromosome 19 (D19S253) was analysed. PCR products were detected by denaturing polyacrylamide gels with fluorescent-based technology. This study has confirmed a polymorphism with 9 alleles ranging from 209 to 241 bp with a simple repeat structure arranged from 7 to 15 repeats. Family studies confirmed mendelian inheritance of alleles. The efficiency on DNA extracted from bloodstains and cigarette butts has been evaluated. The protocol has shown sensitivity and reproducibility.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Individual identification of flood victims by DNA polymorphisms and autopsy findings.

On September 23rd 1993 Genova was flooded by heavy rainstorms and 4 people disappeared, including an elderly couple. Four days later a partially skeletonized body was found floating near the coast. No visual identification was possible. Autopsy findings were consistent with the medical history of a possible victim. DNA was extracted from a muscle sample and compared to paraffin embedded prostatic gland fragment taken by surgery. A positive identification could be made. On October 11th the body of a decomposed and partially skeletonized female was found. The visual identification was also uncertain and no clinical records were available. A blood sample from the son was obtained for maternal identification by the polymerase chain reaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

HLA-DQA1 and amelogenin coamplification: a handy tool for identification.

A protocol for HLA-DQA1 and gender identification by single amplification is described. The use of the commercial HLA-DQA1 amplification kit (Perkin Elmer) permits a positive response for sex determination by adding primers for a short sequence on the first intron of Amelogenin gene. The suggested amplification protocol results in PCR products easily and clearly detectable on ethidium bromide stained agarose gel or silver stained polyacrylamide gel. In both gels the HLA-DQA1 observations at 242-239 bp are accomplished with a single band at 106 bp in females and a doublet 112-106 bp in males. HLA-DQA1 reverse dot-blot hybridization is unaffected by the presence of X and Y amplified fragments.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1994

Forensic application of a rapid and quantitative DNA sex test by amplification of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin.

Gender identification of forensic samples was determined by amplifying a segment of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin. Using a single pair of primers spanning part of the first intron, 106 bp and 112 bp PCR products were generated from the X and Y homologues respectively, which were then resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis. This test enabled as little as 20 pg of DNA from severely degraded bones to be amplified and typed in a single tube reaction. Furthermore, using dye-labelled primers, it was possible to quantitate, by automated fluorescence detection, the relative yields of X and Y-specific PCR products generated from mixtures of male and female DNA. The versatility of this sex test was further demonstrated by co-amplifying with the HLA-DQA1 Amplitype kit in a combined gender/identity DNA test.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

A rapid and quantitative DNA sex test: fluorescence-based PCR analysis of X-Y homologous gene amelogenin.

A rapid, simple and reliable sex test that entails PCR amplification of a segment of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin has been developed. We used a single pair of primers spanning part of the first intron which generated 106-bp and 112-bp PCR products from the X and Y homologues, respectively, that can be analyzed simply by agarose gel electrophoresis. Less than 1 ng of template DNA is required for gender assignment, and the test has been automated by the fluorescent tagging of the PCR products that are then quantitated during electrophoresis by automated fluorescence-detection technology. Quantitation enables sex chromosome aneuploidy to be determined, and the amelogenin intron sequence can also be co-amplified with several highly polymorphic microsatellite loci, thereby providing a combined gender/identity DNA test.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1992

HLA-DQA1 allele and genotype frequencies in a northern Italian population.

HLA-DQA1 typing of 227 randomly selected Northern Italian people by the use of polymerase chain reaction are reported. The combined use of commercial Amplitype HLA-DQalpha system and four sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes allows the definition of 8 alleles and 36 genotypes, arranged according to World Health Organisation nomenclature. Seven of these genotypes are not observed among the analyzed samples. Allele frequencies range from 1.5 to 35.7% and genotype observations do not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; observed heterozygosity is 0.8238 with an allelic diversity value of 0.79 and the power of discrimination is 0.925. Our Italian population sample shows differences from other Caucasian samples both for allele and genotype frequencies. This locus typing for the 8 defined alleles provides a rapid and sensitive method in individual identification and paternity investigation.

Alleles↗