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Biomedical subjects

A Mann

Publications and source records attributed to A Mann.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Hypertension: psychological aspects and diagnostic impact in a clinical trial.

The widespread acceptance of evidence that even mildly raised blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity has led to the setting up of screening programmes and treatment trials for hypertension in several countries. In order to allay anxieties about adverse psychological consequences of their own treatment trial of mild to moderate hypertension in a population of 35-64 year old adults of both sexes, the Medical Research Council supported a special psychiatric study in the pilot phase of the trial. This case-controlled study demonstrated that there was no increase in psychiatric morbidity after diagnosis (labelling) of hypertension nor during one year on the trial. There was, in fact, a fall in such morbidity for trial entrants, related to a greater rate of improvement for those subjects who displayed morbidity and not to any alteration in the incidence of new morbidity. The improvement in psychological state was not associated with any of the antihypertensive drug regimes, nor was it an artefact of selection; rather it appeared to be a beneficial effect of regular clinic attendance. The results of this study are presented and discussed in the context of current research into the psychological aspects of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Life events and personality traits in obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

Twenty-five patients with obsessive-compulsive neurosis and matched controls had their life event scores (Paykel's Life Event Schedule) rated for the year prior to the onset of illness and the date of interview, respectively. The Standard Assessment of Personality Schedule, whose high inter-temporal and inter-informant reliability was confirmed, was used to rate the patients' premorbid personality. The obsessive-compulsive patients' mean life event score was significantly higher than the control subjects; and this excess spanned the six months prior to the onset of illness. Patients with abnormal personality traits (obsessional, anxious and self-conscious) experienced significantly fewer life events than those without such traits.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Clinical experience with naltrexone in suburban opioid addicts.

In a study of 160 patients (including 114 active heroin addicts and 42 former heroin addicts maintained on methadone, propoxyphene napsylate, or LAAM), subjects were retained on treatment with naltrexone for a mean of 50.7 days (range, 1-635). Clonidine or guanabenz acetate was used to detoxify subjects who received naltrexone within 10 days of their last dose of opioid. Because of the number of subjects dropping out of treatment after only a few days, it is recommended that there be an opioid-free period of 5 or more days for heroin-dependent subjects and 10 or more days for those on medical maintenance. A naloxone challenge should be administered at a dosage of 0.8 mg. Use of naltrexone combined with psychotherapy appears to promote long periods of opioid abstinence but does not prevent relapse after treatment. Trained clinicians utilizing an appropriate induction protocol can effectively treat volunteer opioid addicts with naltrexone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A comparative study of the use of fluorescein and the Doppler device in the determination of intestinal viability.

Fluorescein is a reliable indicator of mucosal viability in dogs. This fact is probably applicable to humans. The Doppler device was not a reliable predictor of intestinal nonviability, and in the instance of mesenteric venous occlusion, with ischemic intestine, it was totally inaccurate in assessing intestinal viability. Short segments of intestine failing to take up fluorescein stain will retain viability, owing to the lesser nutrient requirements of resting smooth muscle. However, segments should not be used for anastomoses, since the mucosa will, to some degree be ischemic.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Socialisation scheme with a high staff-patient ratio.

Six months after a comprehensive socialisation scheme began, a prospective controlled study was carried out. The patients were tested in three practical sections - Cooking; Maintenance of Home and Clothing; Other Skills (eg. form-filling); and with a Questionnaire. Forty-eight members of an experimental group received socialisation training after initial testing. They and the 20 controls who did not undergo training were re-evaluated three months later. There was no significant difference between the groups in their initial scores. On retesting, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in Cooking (p less than 0.001), Home Maintenance (p less than 0.001) and the Questionnaire (p less than 0.05). Analysis of the inter-group differences showed significant superiority of the experimental group in Cooking (p less than 0.05) and Home Maintenance (p less than 0.05). It is suggested that such a socialisation scheme be considered for inclusion alongside other rehabilitation services in psychiatric hospitals. The emphasis on a high staff-to-patient ratio and the breakdown of each task into smaller steps emerged as essential elements in the training programme.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1980

Unmodified ECT.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1980

Thirty years of the welfare state: current issues in British social policy for the aged.

The social institutions which comprise the modern British "Welfare State" were largely formed by enactments of the postwar Labour Government. This legislation constitutes a landmark but was part, as well, of the continuing history of social care in the United Kingdom. Many of the institutions created in 1948 were located in existing buildings which could not, in conditions of postwar poverty, be abandoned. Not only were the buildings old; many of the ideas which shaped the policies introduced during this period were ideas with a very long history. In the last thirty years social policy has moved on, but it is intended that this article demonstrate that many of the issues which currently emerge as recurring themes in British professional literature on aging are by no means new ones; rather, they tend to be restatements of problems which have long delayed resolution. Before elaborating on this theme a brief description of the elderly population of the United Kingdom and of the range of institutional services provided for them is given.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[In vitro cultivation and behavior of aortic endothelium cells in a low serum culture medium].

Endothelial cells isolated from calf aorta were used in the subculture No. 4 to 10 for experiments to establish standardized and well reproducible conditions of cultivation. The cells can be cultivated in the commercial medium Eagle-MEM with following supplements: 0.1 g L-glutamine, 5.0 g peptone, 0.5 g serum albumin, and 10 ml (= 1%) bovine serum per 1000 ml medium (MEMPAS). With the aid of immunofluorescence technique the cell type specific marker Factor VIII antigen was shown to be localized especially in the perinuclear region of the cells. The cells were characterized with regard to their growth behaviour. Both, the MEMPAS and the Eagle-MEM with 10 per cent serum increases the cell number in the first 4 days of the exponential growth to the same values. The use of MEMPAS in connection with a strict cultivation regime from the deep frozen cell suspension to culture in scintillation vials guaranteed well reproducible conditions of cultivation. In 14 non-selected experiments distributed over a longer period of time it was found that with regard to the values of the cell number on the respective day the cultures can be divided into two groups, which differ with statistical significance. In further experiments it was possible to confirm this result. Medium, conditioned by endothelial cells (K-MEMPAS) increases the cell number and the growth rate. From these results it was concluded that endothelial cells of vessels are able to produce growth factors with self-stimulating effects. At this time the endothelial cell line is stored in deep frozen state up to the 25th subculture. The endothelial cells cultivated in the described standardized conditions are useful for screening of cell type specific factors with angiogenic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Synthesis and beta-adrenergic blocking activity of a novel class of aromatic oxime ethers.

A new series of beta-adrenergic blocking amines containing an oximino-propanolic chain linked to an aromatic nucleus was synthesized. Most of the derivatives are characterized by beta2-selectivity. The structure-activity relationship are discussed. One of the compounds, selected for further studies, was more active on the trachea than on the atria of guinea pig, 155 times in vitro and 26 times in vivo. In comparison, butoxamine's beta2-selectivity is 13 in vitro and only 2 in vivo. With a series of 30 acetophenone oxime derivatives, no quantitative structure-activity relationships could be detected.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

Left hepatic lobectomy and resection of a carcinoma involving the confluence of the right, left, and common hepatic ducts.

This is a report of a single case of carcinoma involving the confluence of the right, left, and common hepatic ducts, treated by left hepatic lobectomy and resection of the tumour. The clinical onset of symptoms with pruritus and steadily deepening jaundice was typical of the condition, as was the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis. Radical treatment for this tumour, which is frequently slow to metastasize, is advocated. The importance of complete filling of the billiary tree during operative choledochography is highlighted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

A potent new beta2-adrenoceptor blocking agent.

1 (t-Butyl-amino-3-ol-2-propyl) oximino-9 fluorene is a new beta2-adrenoceptor blocking agent with a pA2 of 9.23+/-0.25 on isolated trachea. 2 It provokes hypertension in normotensive rats and does not prevent arterial hypertension in SHR rats, although it does prevent the renin secretion normally induced by isoprenaline infusion.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗