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A Mangia

Publications and source records attributed to A Mangia.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a powerful analytical tool for complex matrices estimation of Pt and Pd in environmental samples.

A new method for palladium and platinum direct determination in environmental samples is proposed by coupling ion chromatography with quadrupole inductively coupled plasma MS. In order to optimise Pd and Pt separation and to minimise interference from matrix in real samples, several anionic and cationic stationary phases have been compared at different mobile phase compositions. In particular, the effect of acidity and of the addition of oxalic acid to the eluent on separation and detection performance has been studied, and the anion-exchange column AG11 turned out to be more suitable. After chromatographic and mass spectrometer parameter optimisation, several potential interferences and the main quality parameters of the method, according to the Eurachem-CITAC recommendations, were evaluated: the detection limit for Pt was 5 ng l(-1) while the value for Pd was 230 ng l(-1). The method was successfully employed in the determination of platinum group elements in urban road dust and atmospheric particulates and the complete absence of matrix spectral interferences was demonstrated.

Anions↗
PubMed2003

Use of experimental design for optimisation of the cold plasma ICP-MS determination of lithium, aluminum and iron in soft drinks and alcoholic beverages.

A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of (7)Li, (27)Al and (56)Fe by cold plasma ICP-MS was developed and validated. Experimental design was used to investigate the effects of torch position, torch power, lens 2 voltage, and coolant flow. Regression models and desirability functions were applied to find the experimental conditions providing the highest global sensitivity in a multi-elemental analysis. Validation was performed in terms of limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantitation (LOQ), linearity and precision. LODs were 1.4 and 159 ng L(-1) for (7)Li and (56)Fe, respectively; the highest LOD found being that for (27)Al (425 ng L(-1)). Linear ranges of 5 orders of magnitude for Li and 3 orders for Fe were statistically verified for each compound. Precision was evaluated by testing two concentration levels, and good results in terms of both intra-day repeatability and intermediate precision were obtained. RSD values lower than 4.8% at the lowest concentration level were calculated for intra-day repeatability. Commercially available soft drinks and alcoholic beverages contained in different packaging materials (TetraPack, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), commercial cans and glass) were analysed, and all the analytes were detected and quantitated.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of protein profiles of genetically modified potato tubers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Traceability of genetically modified (GM) foods demands the development of appropriate reliable techniques in order to identify and quantify peptide or nucleic acid residues in GM plants and food products through the food chain. In this study the applicability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was demonstrated for the characterization of proteins of transformed and untransformed potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) tubers. In GM tubers the expression level of the G1-1 gene, which regulates transition from dormancy to sprouting tubers, was inhibited by antisense technology. The analysis of antisense transformed lines showed that several of them exhibited a significant delay in sprouting relative to the control lines, in accordance with a decrease in the transcript level. Preliminary attempts to compare the protein patterns obtained from transformed and control lines using traditional electrophoresis were not able to reveal differences in the low-kDa range. Instead, MALDI-TOFMS applied to total peptide extract without any purification was able to distinguish spectral patterns of transformed and untransformed lines. In particular, several characteristic peaks from m/z 4373 to 4932 were detected only in the mass spectra of GM tuber samples.

Food, Genetically Modified↗
PubMed2003

Clinical management of HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase levels.

An ad hoc committee appointed by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) proposed these Practice Guidelines for the management of HCV carriers with persistently normal aminotransferase levels. Only stringent ALT determinations will make it possible to distinguish these subjects from those in temporary biochemical remission. The overall prevalence in Italy has been estimated between 1.5 and 10.6%. HCV RNA quantitation and genotype determination are not predictors of the presence and severity of liver damage nor correlate with the outcome of the disease, and should not be used in clinical practice for the management and surveillance of HCV carriers with normal ALT. Only a minority of HCV carriers with normal ALT levels show a normal morphological picture (true 'healthy carriers'). Disease activity is mild in most cases; fibrosis is generally mild and cirrhosis is very rare. Histological activity, as monitored by sequential liver biopsies, seems to have very slow evolution. HCV carriers should not undergo liver biopsy on a routine basis. Liver biopsy can be reasonably proposed only in selected cases. Until the results of studies with PEG interferon plus ribavirin are available, HCV carriers should not receive antiviral treatment outside controlled experimental studies.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2003

Breast cancer: biological characteristics in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women. Identification of therapeutic targets.

HYPOTHESIS: Epidemiological data have suggested a possible relationship between diabetes mellitus and cancer risk, particularly breast cancer. We set out to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the expression of estrogen and progesteron receptors and on the proliferative activity of primary breast cancer. METHODS: We selected 77 diabetic women and 578 control patients all in post-menopause and diagnosed with primary breast cancer. All patients underwent surgical excision of the tumor and on the specimens were performed an assessment of estrogen receptor and progesteron receptor and proliferative activity assay by (3)H-Thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: Diabetic women showed a decreased proliferative activity, while having the same estrogen receptor and progesteron receptor status and mean cytoplasmic concentration of their receptors than control group. Insulin treated women had a lower proliferative activity than non-insulin treated ones. CONCLUSION: Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglicemia influence in negative way the proliferative activity of diabetic women, likely inducing the expression of transforming growth factor beta, despite the high serum levels of Insulin-like growth factor and estrogen.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Expression of steroid receptors and DNA synthesis in male breast cancer].

Using a double-labeling immunocytochemical-autoradiographic assay we studied 18 male breast carcinomas to evaluate the cell kinetic and receptor status in neoplastic cells during S-Phase and to detect possible differences with respect to 21 female breast cancers, from a previously, published study. In male breast cancer, the tumor receptor content and ER/PgR expression in neoplastic cells during S-Phase was higher (p = 0.01) than that in corresponding female tumor while tumoral cell proliferation was lower, but not significantly. In the previous reported study on female breast cancer we demonstrated that proliferative activity was higher in receptor negative cell population both for ER and PgR. Conversely, in male tumor, that difference was only present in relation to the expression of PgR: in fact, the proliferative activity was higher in PgR negative than in PgR positive cells (Anova Test: p = 0.04) while no difference was evidenced between ER negative versus ER positive cells. Moreover, the arrest of DNA synthesis, expressed as percentage of cells without 3H-Tdr labeling, was not related to either the ER or PgR expression, while in female breast cancer it was higher in PgR positive than ER positive cell population. Our data confirmed differences between males and females regarding the receptor status and cell cycle S-Phase in breast cancer. The poorer prognosis of the male breast carcinoma might be related to ineffective therapies which do not consider these differences in the biological profile of the male tumor. The Authors indicate that prognostic and predictive tissutal markers, detected by immunocytochemical methods and useful for therapeutic programming in the female breast cancer have a different significance in the male breast cancer and stress the need for different therapeutic strategies specific for male breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Rapid method for determination of chlormequat residues in tomato products by ion-exchange liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid method has been devised for the direct determination of chlormequat in tomato samples. No clean-up is required, and analysis uses ion-exchange liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry interfaced with electrospray ionization (LC/ESI-MS/MS). A cation-exchange column was used with an aqueous ammonium acetate/acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase under isocratic conditions. The method was validated in terms of detection limits (LOD), quantitation limits (LOQ), linearity, recovery, precision and accuracy. Good results in the low micro g kg(-1) level were obtained for the LOD and LOQ of chlormequat in tomato samples. Comparison of solvent and matrix-matched calibration curves demonstrated the absence of significant matrix effects and the feasibility of using external calibration. Linearity was established over two orders of magnitude by performing homoscedasticity and Mandel fitting statistical tests. The absence of both constant and proportional systematic errors was verified by evaluating the recovery function, demonstrating good method accuracy. Excellent precision in terms of intra-day repeatability was calculated (RSD% <3.4). Extraction recoveries from tomato products were calculated, by using a labelled internal standard (d(4)-chlormequat), to be in the 93 +/- 5-99 +/- 7% range. The applicability of the method to the determination of chlormequat residues in tomato products was demonstrated.

Calibration↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of chronic hepatitis D with thymus-derived polypeptide thymic humoral factor-gamma 2: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 is a thymus-derived synthetic octapeptide, shown to be effective in chronic hepatitis B virus infection; as the latter is needed to support hepatitis D virus, thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 may have a therapeutic role in hepatitis D. AIM: To evaluate tolerability and efficacy of thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 in chronic hepatitis D. METHODS: Intramuscular thymic humoral factor-gamma 2, 40 microg, was given for 15 consecutive days and twice weekly for 22 additional weeks to adult patients with chronic hepatitis D virus hepatitis. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients (male/female 9/2, mean age 45.9 years] completed the treatment period, 10 the 6-month follow-up. At baseline, hepatitis D virus-RNA was positive in 8/11 (73%) patients. During treatment, hepatitis D virus-RNA became undetectable in 3/8 (37%), decreased in 1/8 (13%), remained unchanged in 4/8 (50%) and persisted undetectable in 3 patients, negative at baseline. During follow-up hepatitis D-viraemia relapsed in all patients but 2, one already negative at baseline. No changes in hepatitis B virus markers occurred. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase levels did not change significantly None of the patients reached normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels. CONCLUSION: At the doses given, thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 has been of limited efficacy A possible role of thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 in the treatment of chronic hepatitis D requires further dose-finding studies and/or combination with other antivirals.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

Retreatment with interferon plus ribavirin of chronic hepatitis C non-responders to interferon monotherapy: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Retreatment with a combination of alpha interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin of patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to IFN monotherapy has not been assessed in large controlled studies. METHODS: To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of IFN/ribavirin retreatment of non-responders to IFN and to identify predictors of complete (biochemical and virological) sustained response, we performed a meta-analysis of individual data on 581 patients from 10 centres. Retreatment with various IFN schedules (mean total dose 544 mega units) and a fixed ribavirin dose (1000-1200 mg/daily depending on body weight) was given for 24-60 (mean 39.5) weeks. RESULTS: Biochemical end of treatment and sustained responses were observed in 271/581 (46.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 42.6-50.7%) and in 109/581 (18.7%; 95% CI 15.6-22.0%) cases, respectively. Two hundred and six of 532 patients (38.7%; 95% CI 34.6-42.9%) had an end of treatment complete response to retreatment while a complete sustained response occurred in 88 of 559 (15.7%; 95% CI 12.8-18.8%). Fifty four of 581 patients (9.2%; 95% CI 7.0-11.7%) stopped retreatment due to adverse effects. By logistic regression, complete sustained response was predicted independently by age <45 years (p=0.04), by normal pretreatment gamma-glutamyltransferase levels (p=0.01), and by a second course total IFN dose of at least 432 mega units (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The overall low probability of effectiveness argues against indiscriminate retreatment of all IFN monotherapy non-responders with IFN/ribavirin. Patients less than 45 years old with normal gamma-glutamyltransferase levels who were retreated with high dose long course combination therapy had a complete sustained response rate of 30%.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Liquid chromatography-UV determination and liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric characterization of sitosterol and stigmasterol in soybean oil.

A narrow-bore HPLC-UV method was developed for the analysis of two of the more abundant naturally occurring phytosterols in vegetable oils: sitosterol and stigmasterol. The method enabled detection of the compounds at a concentration of 0.42 microg/ml and quantitation at concentrations of 0.52 and 0.54 microg/ml for sitosterol and stigmasterol, respectively. An excellent linearity was determined over two orders of concentration magnitude (r2 0.999-1.000) and verified by applying the Mandel fitting test (p>0.099) and the lack-of-fit test (p>0.057) performed at the 95% confidence level. A good intra-day precision ranging from 0.15 to 1.16% was calculated at two concentration levels (2 and 100 microg/ml). The inter-day reproducibility was verified on 3 different days by performing an homoscedasticity test and analysis of variance. A solid-phase extraction method was developed on silica cartridges for the isolation of phytosterols from soybean oil providing recovery values of 101+/-9 and 106+/-7% for sitosterol and stigmasterol, respectively. Good accuracy of the method was statistically demonstrated since no matrix effect was found for both the analytes. The developed method was applied to the quantitative assay of phytosterols in a soybean oil sample (61+/-5 mg/100 g of stigmasterol and 118+/-4 mg/100 g sitosterol). The HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS technique enabled the identification of stigmasterol, sitosterol and campesterol in the oil sample.

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed2001

Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer.

PURPOSE: The prospective applicability of new biologic tumor information to personalize adjuvant treatment of women with operable breast cancer remains to be demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Beginning in November 1989, we analyzed the proliferative activity of primary tumors in a consecutive series of women with node-negative breast cancer to identify subgroups of patients with a worse prognosis and who were therefore suitable candidates for adjuvant systemic therapy. Proliferative activity was determined by means of the [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay using an autoradiographic technique. Women with fast-proliferating breast cancer ([3H]-thymidine labeling index, > 2.3%) were randomized to receive either six cycles of adjuvant FEC or no adjuvant therapy until disease progression. RESULTS: One-hundred twenty-five and 123 patients treated with radical surgery for pT1 to T2, N0, M0 breast cancer were randomized to the FEC and control arms, respectively. After a median follow-up of 70 months, 27 events (21.6%) were observed in the FEC arm and 39 (32.2%) in the control arm, with a significantly lower number of locoregional relapses in the FEC group. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 81% in the FEC group and 69% in the control group (P <.02 by log-rank test). Cox multivariate analysis described the impact of adjuvant therapy with FEC on DFS as independent of the patients' main clinical-pathologic characteristics. CONCLUSION: FEC adjuvant polychemotherapy seems able to significantly improve the clinical outcome of patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2001

Supercritical fluid extraction for liquid chromatographic determination of carotenoids in Spirulina Pacifica algae: a chemometric approach.

An experimental design procedure was used to investigate the effects of some operating parameters on the supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin from Spirulina Pacifica algae, a carotenoid-rich dietary product. Variables tested were temperature and pressure of the supercritical fluid, dynamic extraction time and percentage of ethanol added as the modifier. Each variable was tested at three levels; 31 experiments were performed in random order. Analyses of the extracts were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis photodiode array detection. Analytical responses (chromatographic peak areas) were processed by using a stepwise multiple regression analysis, in order to find polynomial functions describing the relationships between variables and responses. For all the analytes the experimental conditions providing the highest extraction yield inside the experimental domain considered were found. Supercritical fluid extraction results obtained in these conditions were compared with those obtained by performing solvent extraction in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the supercritical fluid extraction procedure.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed2001

Failure of primary breast cancer neoangiogenesis to predict pattern of distant metastasis.

In the present study, the primary tumor neoangiogenesis characteristics of 81 stage IV previously untreated breast cancers with synchronous metastasis to different distant sites (10 patients with soft tissue metastases, 31 with bone metastases, and 40 with visceral metastases) were analyzed. The primary intratumor microvessel density was assessed by immunohistochemical assay on paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples, using a monoclonal anti-CD34 antibody. The mean primary intratumor microvessel density (at 400x fields) was 78 +/- 39 (SD) microvessels per field. The microvessel density was not significantly related to the main clinical/pathological features of the tumor (age, cytohistological grade, DNA ploidy, diameter, and receptor status). The percentage of tumor cases with high primary intratumor microvessel density (cut-off median value of the series 73 +/- 39 microvessels/field) did not significantly differ in patients with bone, soft tissue, or visceral metastatic disease. Analysis of clinical outcome showed a significantly shorter time to progression and overall survival for patients with visceral metastases (P<0.001 and P<0.0002 by log-rank, respectively). Presence of visceral metastases was confirmed to be the only independent prognostic factor related to a worse TTP (hazard risk 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.14-4.03, P<0.02) and overall survival (hazard risk 1.81, 95% confidence interval 0.98-3.35, P<0.06) by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the assessment of neoangiogenesis of primary breast cancer by CD34 expression does not provide information predictive of different distant sites of metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Predictability of monthly and yearly rhythms of breast cancer features.

In order to evaluate if breast cancer biological characteristics undergo significant menstrual and seasonal variations, we analysed in a consecutive series of 905 breast cancer patients, steroid receptor level (ER and PgR by DCC assay), proliferative activity (3H-Thymidine Labeling Index, 3H-TLI) and size of primary tumour in relation to calendar date and day of menstrual cycle at the time of the surgical procedure. For data analysis, the method of time series construction and classical spectral analyses with Bartlett Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for white noise (BKS test) was utilised. For what concerns menstrual variations, 3H-TLI showed a significant periodicity (t = 0.3146, p < 0.01 by BKS test) with peaks at day 12nd and day 18th; ER showed a significant periodicity (t = 0.3605, p < 0.01 by BKS test) with more evident peak at day 27th; PgR, a significant periodicity (t = 0.160, p = 0.05 by BKS test) with peaks at day 15th and day 24th, similar to that observed for tumour size (t = 0.19, p < 0.05 by BKS test). With respect to yearly fluctuations, 3H-TLI showed only a trend for a significant rhythm (t = 0.16, p = 0.06 by BKS test) with peaks in May and November; ER a significant periodicity (t = 0.2099, p < 0.05 by BKS test) with two evident peaks in January and April; also for PgR a significant periodicity (t = 0.3161, p < 0.05 by BKS test) was demonstrated with a peak in July; finally, tumour size showed a significant rhythm (t = 0.335, p < 0.01) paralleling 3H-TLI behaviour. Finally, the analysis of variance with interaction of menstrual and seasonal timings showed that only the seasonal timing was able to independently influence the 3H-TLI variations (3H-TLI higher in spring). We confirmed that breast biology has significant menstrual and seasonal variations and that the seasonality is probably the timing factor more relevant in periodicity determination.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

A randomized trial of amantadine and interferon versus interferon alone as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C.

The aim of this study was to compare, in an open-label study, the efficacy and safety of a combination of interferon (IFN) and amantadine (AMA) with that of IFN alone in previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 200 patients were randomized to 6 MU of IFN-alpha2a 3 times per week, with 200 mg of AMA daily (n = 99) or to an identical dose of interferon alpha2a (n = 101). Patients were treated for 12 months and observed for 6 months' posttreatment. At the completion of treatment, 28.7% of patients in the monotherapy group and 45.5% in the combination group had a virologic response (P =.014). At 6 months' posttreatment, a sustained virologic response was observed in 16.8% (95% CI: 9-23) of patients with IFN alone versus 29.3% (95% CI: 19-37) of patients who were treated with combination therapy (P =.036). In each of the 2 treatments, genotype was the only predictive parameter for a sustained response. At the logistic regression analysis, therapy and genotype were the only 2 parameters with an independent predictive value. In the combination group, at examination of month 3, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA status had a 97.6% (95% CI: 93-102) positive predictive value and a 50% (95% CI: 37-63) negative predictive value for a sustained virologic clearance. A substantial proportion of naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C have an end-of-treatment and end-of-follow-up virologic and biochemical response to a combination of IFN and AMA. This new treatment appears safe and well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Spectrophotometric and coulometric detection in the high-performance liquid chromatography of flavonoids and optimization of sample treatment for the determination of quercetin in orange juice.

The capabilities of spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection techniques were investigated for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of flavonoids. Liquid chromatographic analyses were performed on eleven compounds belonging to three different classes of flavonoids: flavanone glycosides, flavone and flavonol aglycones. Separation of all compounds examined was carried out under reversed-phase conditions on a C18 narrow-bore column for UV detection, whereas for electrochemical detection, a C18 standard-bore column was used. UV analyses were carried out at 280 nm for flavanones and at 265 nm for flavones and flavonols, whereas controlled-potential coulometric measurements were performed using a porous graphite electrode. Analytical performances of the methods were compared in terms of linearity, limits of detection (LODs) and precision. Linearity over two orders of magnitude and LODs at low-ppm levels (0.06-1 mg/l) were demonstrated for all techniques considered. Instrumental precision in terms of relative standard deviation was found to be between 0 and 5% for the liquid chromatography (LC)-UV system and between 0.6 and 10% for the LC-electrochemical detection (ED) system. The methods developed were applied to the analysis of flavanones and flavonols in a real sample, such as an extract of orange juice. Even though quercetin glycoside is mostly present in orange juice as rutin, other different glycosides of this flavonol could be present; on this basis, the hydrolysis of all glycosides to aglycone allows one to obtain more accurate data on the flavonol concentration in orange juice. To avoid sample degradation and to increase extraction efficiency, quercetin hydrolysis was optimized using a central composite design to investigate the effects of acid concentration and hydrolysis time on extraction recovery.

Beverages↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacologic treatment can prevent pancreatic injury after ERCP: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The identification of therapeutic agents that can prevent the pancreatic injury after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is of considerable importance. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis including 28 clinical trials on the use of somatostatin (12 studies), octreotide (10 studies), and gabexate mesilate (6 studies) after ERCP. Outcome measures evaluated were the incidence of acute pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, and pancreatic pain. Three analyses were run separately: for all available studies, for randomized trials only, and for only those studies published as complete reports. RESULTS: When all available studies were analyzed, somatostatin and gabexate mesilate were significantly associated with improvements in all three outcomes. Odds ratios (OR) for gabexate mesilate were 0.27 (95% CI [0.13, 0. 57], p = 0.001) for acute pancreatitis, 0.66 (95% CI [0.48, -0.89], p = 0.007) for hyperamylasemia, and 0.33 (95% CI [0.18, 0.58], p = 0. 0005) for post-procedural pain. Somatostatin reduced acute pancreatitis (OR 0.38: 95% CI [0.22, 0.65], p < 0.001), pain (OR 0. 24: 95% CI [0.14, 0.42], p < 0.001), and hyperamylasemia (OR 0.65: 95% CI [0.48, 0.90], p = 0.008). Octreotide was associated only with a reduced risk of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia (OR 0.51: 95% CI [0.31, 0.83], p = 0.007) but had no effect on acute pancreatitis and pain. The statistical significance of data did not change after analyzing randomized trials only or studies published as complete reports. For each considered outcome, the publication bias assessment and the number of patients that need to be treated to prevent one adverse effect were, respectively, higher and lower for somatostatin than for gabexate mesilate. CONCLUSIONS: The pancreatic injury after ERCP can be prevented with the administration of either somatostatin or gabexate mesilate, but the former agent is more cost-effective. Additional studies comparing the efficacy of short-term infusion of somatostatin versus gabexate mesilate in patients at high risk for post-ERCP complications seem warranted.

Acute Disease↗