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Biomedical subjects

A Mancuso

Publications and source records attributed to A Mancuso.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Human brain infarcts: Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging.

During Food and Drug Administration phase II and III clinical trials for gadolinium DTPA, the paramagnetic agent was used to study 11 patients with 20 subacute and chronic cerebral infarcts. Five patients had numerous periventricular and deep white-matter lesions, probably due to chronic ischemic disease. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed 4-30 days after the ictus, preceded by computed tomography (CT) in all but one case. In most cases, the nonenhanced spin-echo (SE) images, obtained at 500-msec repetition times and 30-msec echo times, failed to demonstrate the infarct, and in general the gadolinium-enhanced SE 500/30 images matched the contrast material-enhanced CT scans in pattern. Periventricular lesions and small, deep, white-matter infarcts that were chronic and asymptomatic were not enhanced by gadolinium MR. However, three small, symptomatic capsular and brain-stem infarcts showed definite enhancement. Usually the enhancement was visible at 3 minutes, increasing to a peak at 30 minutes. At 55 minutes, the enhancement increased in the medium-aged infarcts (8-14 days), while it decreased in the late infarcts (15-30 days). The T2 relaxation time-weighted pulse sequences were most sensitive for demonstrating all infarcts, but without the aid of a contrast agent, they were frequently poor in specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Value of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing bone destruction in head and neck lesions.

We utilized low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate 12 patients with head and neck lesions and suspected skull base or facial bone destruction. All except one had high resolution computed tomography (CT). MRI was performed on a 0.15 tesla (low-field) resistive unit, with routinely good resolution due mainly to the use of specially designed rf receiver coils (surface coils). T1 and T2 weighted spin echo images were performed in all cases. In three instances axial, coronal, and sagittal images were done. All CTs were done with high resolution techniques on state-of-the-art equipment. Comparison of the CT and MR images (at low-field strength) showed that MRI's main strength lies in its freedom to perform images in any plane and to visualize intracranial lesions with early brain involvement. Otherwise, the two modalities are comparable. Bone destruction seen on CT was always detectable on MRI, although CT is clearly superior in resolving bone detail. MRI is recommended when direct coronal CT scans are not obtainable to evaluate superiad tumor extension. The improved visualization of nasopharyngeal soft tissue and cavernous sinus region is likely to make MRI the examination of first choice in evaluating lesions of the nasopharynx, skull base, and cavernous sinus.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Antimigraine drugs in the management of daily chronic headaches: clinical profiles of responsive patients.

Flunarizine, a Ca-antagonist with demonstrated antimigraine properties, and indoprofen, an anti-inflammatory non-steroidal agent, were used in the treatment of daily chronic headache. Forty-two migraineurs with interval headache (MIH) were treated with flunarizine in a 6-month open trial, while indoprofen was administered to 23 patients with MIH and 7 with chronic tension headache (CTH) in a 2-month, double-blind, cross-over placebo-controlled study. Flunarizine was found effective in over 65% of the patients, while indoprofen was able to improve headache severity in only 30% of the subjects. In the responder patients, the effectiveness of both drugs is more pronounced in MIH, and seems to be ascribable to the ability of the treatments to reduce number and severity of attacks. A higher incidence of previous affective disturbances is found in non-responsive cases. The analysis of factors converting episodic into chronic headache shows slight but not significant differences between responders and non-responders. An impairment of plasma beta-endorphin levels, in the presence of normal ACTH, cortisol and nociceptive RIII threshold values, characterizes daily chronic headache (DCH) patients. Moreover, indoprofen does not significantly affect these biological and neurophysiological parameters independently of the therapeutic response.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Calcified parathyroid glands detected by computed tomography.

Computed tomographic demonstration of single calcified parathyroid glands in two patients corresponded to operative findings of a calcified carcinoma and a calcified adenoma. The CT demonstration of a calcified parathyroid gland should suggest carcinoma, and the operative approach should be planned to permit an en bloc resection.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Clinical and pathologic prognostic features of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.

A clinico-pathologic study of 20 consecutive patients with leiomyosarcoma of the uterus seen over a 12-year period has been evaluated. Tumor extent at the time of diagnosis seems to be the main prognostic factor: 62.5% of the patients in stage I are alive and well from 1 to 7 years after the diagnosis as compared to 0% of the patients in all the other stages. The age of the patients and the number of mitotic figures also appear to have some prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Static grey-scale parathyroid ultrasonography: is high-resolution real-time technique required?

Ultrasound has been used with varying success to localise parathyroid adenomas pre-operatively. We have reviewed 61 patients with pre-operative contact-scanning grey-scale parathyroid ultrasonography and subsequent surgical exploration of all four parathyroid glands. Diagnostic accuracy was 91% considering glands examined and 63% considering patients examined. There was one false positive diagnosis. False negative diagnoses (17 adenomas and five ectopic mediastinal tumours) were mainly due to upper pole adenomas, adenomas less than 10 mm X 7 mm in size and ectopic mediastinal adenomas. Static grey-scale ultrasonography is adequate for the pre-operative localisation of parathyroid adenomas, especially when high-resolution technique is not available. In fact, the overall accuracy is comparable to the recently reported diagnostic accuracy rates with high-resolution real-time systems.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

The anatomy of the tongue and floor of the mouth is readily discernible by computed tomography (CT) because of low-density fascial planes that outline the extrinsic musculature, lingual arteries, and hypoglossal nerves. Although the tongue is accessible to the examining finger, few patients can tolerate a detailed palpation. In planning for a partial glossectomy, CT scanning aids the surgeon who must be sure that the tumor is unilateral or that at least one lingual artery and one hypoglossal nerve can be preserved. The CT scans of 30 patients were reviewed for background anatomy. Pathologic changes are summarized for 16 extrinsic lesions and 11 intrinsic tumors. The status of the midline could be confirmed in 28 of the 30 patients. The fascial plane distortions by malignant intrinsic and extrinsic lesions are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of computed tomography and pluridirectional tomography of the temporal bone.

During pluridirectional tomography dense bone creates ghost shadows that simulate chronic disease and soft-tissue masses within the middle ear cavity. This effect was demonstrated in three dried skulls. Cholesteatomas were simulated in three more temporal bones with a mixture of 2% iodine in paraffin. Three different high-resolution computed tomographic scanners clearly demonstrated middle ear anatomy and the simulated soft-tissue masses in the skulls.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1981

Differentiation of pyriform sinus cancer from supraglottic laryngeal cancer by computed tomography.

Nine pyriform sinus tumors and 16 supraglottic laryngeal lesions were studied by computed tomography. The pyriform sinus tumors had a much higher incidence of thyroid cartilage invasion (five of nine patients) and involved the posterolateral margins of the cartilage. Only two of 16 supraglottic tumors reached the thyroid cartilage, involving the midline or more inferior margins. The supraglottic tumors grew in a circumferential pattern, and when the pre-epiglottic space was involved, extension was bilateral. Lesions of the pyriform sinus more frequently showed unilateral involvement. Lymph node metastases were seen in an approximately equal proportion of patients in the two groups, and they correlated more with the size of the primary tumor than with its site of origin. Posteroinferior invasion of the space between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage was seen only with pyriform sinus lesions.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1981

CT approach to benign nasopharyngeal masses.

The physical characteristics of the fascial planes of the nasopharynx provide a basis for categorizing growth patterns of the more common benign nasopharyngeal masses. Lymphoid hyperplasias are confined to the surface by the very dense pharyngobasilar fascia that lies beneath the submucosa. It takes a very aggressive process to cross this fascial plane. More laterally throughout the paranasopharyngeal space the loose areolar nature of the buccopharyngeal fascia permits benign tumors in this space to assume a spherical configuration. The carotid sheath is also a loose areolar arrangement that permits free movement of the carotid artery in the neck. Juvenile angiofibromas permeate natural foramina, displace bony septa, and extend widely but do not invade the carotid sheath. Neurogenic tumors and paragangliomas are intimately associated with contents of the carotid sheath; therefore, they obliterate the low density regions surrounding the carotid vessels.

Fascia↗
PubMed1980

Edge enhancement computed tomography scanning in inflammatory lesions of the middle ear.

The high resolution modification of an EMI 5005 scanner was utilized with an edge enhancement technique to study inflammatory lesions of the temporal bone. Bone erosions caused by cholesteatomas can be accurately delineated because of the circumscribed nature of expansion. The soft tissue masses cannot be appreciated by present CT techniques. Erosions of the horizontal semicircular canal and involvement of the sinus tympani are readily visualized by CT scanning. Computed tomography is limited in demonstrating the stapes superstructure and horizontal portion of the facial canal due to the inability to obtain good coronal scans. The remaining ossicles can be demonstrated with equal clarity with pluridirectional tomography.

Bone Resorption↗