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Biomedical subjects

A Malik

Publications and source records attributed to A Malik.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Significance of cord problems at birth.

Cord problems at birth were prospectively studied in 12,000 singleton deliveries, of which 258 (2.15%) babies had cord abnormalities. Nearly 32% of these cases had fetal distress and 20.5% had 1 minute Apgar score less than 6. Of the various cord problems nuchal cord was noted in 79.1%, cord prolapse in 12.4% and true knots in 3.9% cases. Perinatal mortality rate with cord problems was 85.27/1000 births. Neonatal problems noted were septicemia (4.56%), aspiration syndromes (13.48%), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (7.30%), neonatal convulsions (2.14%) and hyperbilirubinemia (2.14%). Although mean Hb and PCV were lower in those with cord round the neck as compared to normal controls, this difference was not significant. Seven babies had Hb less than 13 g/dl with nuchal cords. Neonates born with cord around the neck or with other cord abnormalities should be carefully followed up for morbidity.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1991

Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of malaria sporozoites protect against malaria in rodents. Although there is interest in developing human vaccines that induce CTL against the Plasmodium falciparum CS protein, humans have never been shown to produce CTL against any Plasmodium species protein or other parasite protein. We report that when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from three of four volunteers immunized with irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites were stimulated in vitro with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the P. falciparum CS protein or a peptide including only amino acids 368-390 of the P. falciparum CS protein [CS-(368-390)], the PBMC lysed autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells transfected with the P. falciparum CS protein gene or incubated with CS-(368-390) tricosapeptide. Activity was antigen specific, genetically restricted, and dependent on CD8+ T cells. In one volunteer, seven peptides reflecting amino acids 311-400 were tested, and, as in B10.BR mice, CTL activity was only associated with the CS-(368-390) peptide. Development of an assay for studying human CTL against the CS and other malaria proteins and a method for constructing target cells by direct gene transfection provide a foundation for studying the role of CTL in protection against malaria.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Detection of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in epithelium and fibroblasts of the human umbilical cord.

We studied tissue sections of freshly obtained full-term and premature human umbilical cords using polyclonal antibody to endothelin and immunocytochemistry. Endothelin immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and primitive fibroblasts, but not in the endothelial cells of both full-term and premature umbilical cords. Immunoelectron microscopy using indirect immunogold staining technique localized endothelin immunoreactivity to the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and fibroblasts but not confined to any particular structures. No endothelin immunoreactivity was detected in the nucleus or on the cell membrane. Pre-absorption tests with synthetic endothelin-1, -2, and -3 independently established that the immunoreactivity represented endothelin-1 and -2, but not -3. The presence of endothelin-1 and -2-like immunoreactive materials in epithelial cells and fibroblasts of human umbilical cord suggests a role of endothelin in parturition.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Characterisation of plasmids extracted from AIDS--associated Mycobacterium avium isolates.

The plasmid profiles of 12 Mycobacterium avium strains isolated from 12 different patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were analysed. Plasmids were identified in 9 of these strains. Plasmids were isolated from all 7 serovars 4 and 8 strains, a serovar 20a strain and an untypeable strain, but were not detected in either of 2 serovar 3b strains or an untypeable isolate. Southern blot hybridisations revealed that extracts derived from all of the plasmid-containing strains hybridised to a DNA probe prepared from known mycobacterial plasmid sequences. However, restriction analyses suggest that native plasmids which hybridised to the DNA probe and were similar in mass were not identical.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Echosonography and retrograde cholangiopancreatography in selecting surgical tactics in mechanical jaundice].

The results of the diagnosis and treatment of 134 patients with obstructive jaundice are analyzed. The diagnostic potentialities of the ultrasonic method and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCPG) are compared. ERCPG has been found more effective for the diagnosis of the causes, localization, and severity of the bile duct obstruction in patients with mechanical jaundice. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is an effective treatment modality that helps eliminate or reduce the jaundice, remove the concrements from the duct, and reduce the scope of abdominal cavity surgery in cholelithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation of immunoreactive prostaglandin synthase in the rat ovary.

Follicular prostaglandins (PG) increase markedly in the hours after the preovulatory gonadotropin rise in the rat. The present investigation was performed to determine if the increased prostaglandins result from elevation of the amount of the principal enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, i.e. PG synthase. PG synthase was purified from sheep seminal vesicles and rat ovaries for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. A monoclonal antibody was utilized in a competitive, microtiter plate-based enzyme immunoassay to quantitate PG synthase protein. Follicular development was stimulated in 26-day-old rats by injection of 20 IU of PMSG, and 51 h later 20 IU of hCG was injected. Ovaries were removed from rats before and 8 h after the hCG injection for quantitation of PG synthase by enzyme immunoassay. PG synthase immunologic activity was increased three-fold by hCG stimulation. These findings support the hypothesis that the preovulatory gonadotropin rise causes increased PG synthase protein in the rat ovary.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ovarian prostaglandin synthase: immunohistochemical localization in the rat.

Ovarian prostaglandin synthase is stimulated by the luteinizing hormone surge resulting in the preovulatory increase in prostaglandins. In the present study, the ovarian cellular localization of prostaglandin synthase was identified by immunohistochemistry. Ovaries were collected from 27-day-old rats at the time of stimulation with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (8 IU) (zero hours), 48 hours later, or 8 hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (5 IU). At zero hours prostaglandin synthase immunostaining was present in the theca of larger follicles and interstitial regions. The number and intensity of immunostained cells in the theca increased between zero and 48 hours. The granulosa cell layer adjacent to the basement membrane in large antral follicles exhibited immunostaining. A similar staining pattern was observed 8 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin. These observations indicate that in the rat, the theca, interstitium, and granulosa contain prostaglandin synthase immunoreactivity and may contribute prostaglandins during follicular development and ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of nomifensine on cortisol, prolactin and biogenic amines in neurotic depressed patients.

The effect of nomifensine on plasma levels of cortisol, prolactin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin were studied in neurotic depressive patients. Cortisol levels were elevated in the morning and were significantly decreased by nomifensine treatment. Prolactin levels were within the normal range and nomifensine did not modify them. A significative increase in catecholamine plasma levels was observed at the 6th week of treatment in depressed patients (dopamine: 106%; noradrenaline: 14%; adrenaline: 10%) whose nomifensine plasma levels ranged between 84 and 105 ng/ml. No statistical differences were found between pre- and post-treatment serotonin concentration. Reduction of plasma cortisol and clinical improvement may be related to increased catecholamine levels.

Adult↗