The compound Ro 43-0463 [N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-iodo-2-pyridinecarboxamide)] is the iodo-analogue of Lazabemid (Ro 19-6327). The latter is well known to bind site specifically with KD = 15.7 nmol/l to the enzyme monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) which it inhibits (IC50 = 2 *10(-8) mol/l) time dependently and reversibly. Ro 43-0463 having an IC50 of 3*10(-8) mol/l was labelled with 123I as well as with 125I to get a tool for measuring the MAO-B distribution autoradiographically and in the human brain with SPET (Single Photon Emission Tomography). The halogen exchange reaction of the bromo-precursor (Ro 18-4950) in the presence of CuSO4 and ascorbic acid was applied. The reaction conditions were optimized, varying the parameters time (30 to 105 min), precursor concentration (1 to 3.5 mg) and temperature (130 to 200 degrees C). The purification of [123I/125I]-Ro 43-0463 was performed on HPLC (Lichrosorb RP-18, 5 mu m, 250 x 8 mm) with 0.36 M H3PO4/EtOH 97/3 and 0.01 M (NH4)2HPO4 (1.5 ml/min) as eluent. The labelling yield was found to range between 60 and 70%. The activity concentration ranged between 18.5 and 37 MBq/ml. Autoradiography with rat brain slices was performed using 5 nM [125I]-Ro 43-0463 in TRIS-buffer (pH 7.4) for 90 min at 20 degrees C. It showed a radioactivity pattern corresponding to the known distribution of MAO-B in the rat brain and proved, after displacement with L-Deprenyl (1 mu M), the high specificity of binding Ro 43-0463.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relapse of pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii disease associated with large-cell cancer of the lung: a case report.

A 43-year-old caucasian male diabetic presented with purulent cough and a history of weight-loss, elevated temperature, night-sweat and dyspnea. Four years previously, the patient had undergone a 12-month antimycobacterial regimen because of pulmonary mycobacterium kansasii (MK) disease of the left upper lobe (LUL). Treatment had led to complete recovery with the exception of minor fibrous residuals in the involved pulmonary segments. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT), performed on recent admission, revealed a dense infiltration of these residual-containing segments. Microbiological evaluation of bronchial brushings, aspirates and histology of the transbronchial biopsies indicated a relapse of pulmonary MK disease. Although antimycobacterial treatment was started immediately, therapeutic effects were only minimal and remained to be limited to the initial phase of the treatment. After four weeks of treatment, the patient's general condition worsened again. Follow-up CT of the lung showed a marked increase of the infiltration in the left apicoposterior lobe and re-bronchoscopy showed a tumorous protrusion of the bronchial wall involving the apicoposterior segment ostium, a finding which was not seen in the previous bronchoscopy. Histology of the transbronchial biopsies revealed a carcinoma mainly from large-cell type.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Local and systemic treatment in small cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare and aggressive disease. We report on our experience with two patients having a small cell cancer of the esophagus, being treated with photodynamic therapy combined with irradiation and induction-chemotherapy as well as a review of literature. Both patients were admitted with severe dysphagia, weight loss and a Karnovsky performance status of 90. Diagnostic work-up revealed tumor-stenosis in the proximal third in one and in the distal third in the other case. Clinical staging showed T4N2M0 and T3N2M0, pure small cell carcinoma. Due to dysphagia and lymph node enlargement, local and systemic therapy were considered as first-line treatment. Restaging after three cycles of induction-chemotherapy revealed partial response in both cases. Esophagectomy as a second-line treatment was considered. However, in the preoperative period, one patient developed motorical aphasia. The CT-scan of the brain showed multiple brain metastases. External beam irradiation and further chemotherapy was initiated. The patient died 12 months after admission. The other patient revealed anatomical inoperability at the staging laparoscopy. External beam irradiation and a second session of PDT was performed. The patient is still alive, 12 months after his first admission. The biological behavior of this aggressive disease and metastases in about 50% of patients at admission, as well as significant dysphagia makes combined systemic and local treatment necessary. Nevertheless, after reviewing the literature, esophagectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy may have an advantage pertaining to survival time when anatomical and functional operability is given.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of external beam irradiation after endoscopic palliation of esophageal carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to verify the value of additional external beam irradiation (EBR) after endoscopic palliation, regarding quality of life and survival rate. From January 1988 to December 1995, 99 patients with esophageal carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma 61; adenocarcinoma 38) were reviewed, there were 84 males (mean age: 67 years) and 16 females (mean age: 65 years). Seventeen patients were in stage IIb, 45 stage III and 37 patients in stage IV. HDR-brachyradiotherapy (mean: 14.7 Gy) was carried out in all patients. Additional EBR (mean: 47.8 Gy) after endoluminal palliation was done in 51 cases. At 6-months follow-up swallowing of a semi-solid diet at least was possible in all patients and dysphagia was found with significant difference in favour to EBR only in stage IV (p=0.011). The Karnovsky performance status showed a difference in favour of EBR for stage III and IV (p=0.040 and p=0. 049, respectively). The median overall survival for EBR compared to no EBR was 10 and 7 months, with a 12 months survival rate of 60% and 16% (p=0.0012). However, considering different stages and EBR versus no EBR a significant difference in survival could only be found for stage IIb (p=0.031), a trend in favour of EBR could be found for stage III (p=0.0985) and stage IV (p=0.0543). Tumor regrowth 6-12 months after treatment occurred in 31 cases and was successfully treated with Nd-YAG laser in 25 and stenting in 6 cases. Postirradiation fibrotic stenosis occurred in 12 cases. Improved survival rates after additional EBR can only be expected in stage IIb. However, in case of advanced esophageal carcinoma and fair performance status, EBR after endoluminal palliation help to maintain quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acid-related diseases following retrosternal stomach interposition.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Esophagectomy and reconstruction with retrosternal stomach interposition implies bilateral truncal vagotomy, which supposedly causes gastric functional impairment. METHODOLOGY: Esophagectomy and reconstruction with retrosternal stomach interposition was performed on 15 men (mean age: 58.4 years) and 3 women (mean age: 43.6 years). The stomach was pedicled on the right gastric and right gastroepiploic artery without performing pyloroplasty. The cervical side-to-end anastomosis was sutured manually. The functional results were assessed 2-4 years postoperatively, by determining 24-hour qualitative intragastric pH-measurement, fluoroscopical gastric emptying studies, fasting gastrin levels, and endoscopy with biopsy studies. RESULTS: Endoscopy and biopsy confirmed esophagitis in 12 patients, gastritis in 15 and a gastric ulcer in 1 case. Fluoroscopic examination documented a normal passage of contrast medium in 17, slight impairment in 1 case treated by balloon dilatation of the pylorus. Qualitative intragastric pH-measurement revealed a total pH < 3 in 22.5-98.05% of measuring events (mean: 74.31%) within 24 hours, in 18 cases. Only 4 patients had pH < 3 in less than 50%. Fasting gastrin levels (normal range: 25-110 mU/L) varied from 48.78 mU/L-168.20 (mean: 85.23 mU/L). Only 3 patients had levels > 110 mU/L (maximum: 168.20 mU/L). CONCLUSIONS: Acid-related diseases may also occur after truncal vagotomy and retrosternal stomach interposition. Routine follow-up endoscopy and biopsy studies should be done to prevent inflammatory complications and maintain the patient's quality of life.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Boerhaave's syndrome: a continuing challenge in thoracic surgery.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Boerhaave's syndrome accounts for 30-40% of esophageal disruption. The current literature regarding the management of these patients and problems in treatment remains controversial. METHODOLOGY: Between 1988 and 1998, 14 patients with Boerhaave's syndrome were treated in our unit. Five primary repairs and 9 esophagectomies were performed. A retrospective review of these patients' records was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I: minor esophageal leak, local mediastinitis and hyperdynamic septic shock. All 5 cases were treated by primary repair. Group II: moderate to severe esophageal leak, severe mediastinitis and hypodynamic septic shock. All 9 cases were treated by transthoracic esophagectomy. RESULTS: Group I: No postoperative mortality. The mean ICU stay was 4.6 days. The mean hospitalization time was 14 days. Group II: The postoperative mortality was 22.2%. The mean ICU stay was 28 days. The mean hospitalization time was 45 days. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of which operative approach should be made in patients with Boerhaave's syndrome requires critical assessment of the patient's overall status, the duration of leak and the extent of mediastinal and pleural contamination.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute diffuse peritonitis of a rare cause].

The authors report a rare case of acute onset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with diffuse peritonitis due to bowel perforation of secondary jejunal involvement. The admission diagnosis in the 18-years-old male with acute abdominal pain for 4 days, guarding on physical examination and pneumoperitoneum on abdominal ultrasonography was peptic ulcus perforation. The palpable splenomegaly and cervical lymph nodes on ultrasonography examination might have raised suspicion of lymphoma. Surgical exploration revealed the peritonitis origin--jejunal perforation, proximal to a stenosing tumor, a gastric tumor and confirmed the splenomegaly. Small bowel resection--end to end anastomosis--and gastric tumor biopsies were performed. The pathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Some therapeutic considerations on digestive tract secondary lymphoma are made.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiologic and developmental aspects of primary alveolar proteinosis (3 cases)].

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrastructure of the lung in alveolar proteinosis: apropos of 2 cases].

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Adult↗