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Biomedical subjects

A Mahoney

Publications and source records attributed to A Mahoney.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Soft neurological signs and impulsivity in children.

To evaluate the relationship between soft neurological signs and various proposed dimensions of impulsivity (behavioral and cognitive), 31 boys (6-13 years, mean +/- SD 10.1 +/- 1.8) with disruptive behavior disorders, and 45 age-matched boys without DSM-III-R pathology, were independently assessed on clinical ratings of impulsivity, a battery of cognitive tests intended to score impulsive responding, and a neurological examination for soft signs. After being corrected for age, neurological soft signs correlated positively with impulsive responding on the Matching Familiar Figures Test (inpatients and normals) and the Continuous Performance Test (in normals), but not with IQ or clinical impulsivity rating scores. These findings suggest a relationship between neurological dysfunction/immaturity and performance on specific tasks requiring response inhibition, thus adding value to the cognitive assessment of impulsivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Chemical colitis due to endoscope cleaning solutions: a mimic of pseudomembranous colitis.

A unique form of colitis was observed during endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract in 21 patients. The patients were prepared using either tap-water enemas or standard lavage solutions. Patients were found to have discrete or confluent white plaques adherent to the colonic mucosa, mild to severe erythema of the surrounding mucosa, and variable amounts of foamy liquid upon withdrawal of the endoscope. Stool assays for Clostridium difficile toxin and bacterial cultures were negative. Mucosal biopsies revealed vacuolar changes in the lamina propria, with slight to moderate vascular congestion and foci of intramucosal hemorrhage. Five patients developed rectal bleeding, tenesmus, and increased frequency of stools, lasting up to 12 days. We believe these cases were due to contamination of the endoscope's air-water channel with solutions used during endoscope cleaning. Recognition of this entity is important, as it is preventable and may mimic pseudomembranous colitis.

Colitis↗
PubMed1984

Acute care hospitals providing elderly and long-term care services: a survey of the Massachusetts experience.

To assess the involvement of hospitals in geriatric, community and long-term care services, a survey was undertaken of the 104 acute care hospitals in Massachusetts. Results show that hospitals (N = 81) are adding geriatric expertise but as yet have taken on community services and long-term care only to a small extent. Hospitals perceive major deficiencies in physician service to nursing homes (89 per cent) and in availability of inpatient geriatric units (94 per cent). Responding hospitals have targeted for development by 1985 geriatric inpatient units (17 per cent), respite care (16 per cent), and hospice care (16 per cent). The financial implications of the survey results are discussed with respect to prospective reimbursement and public health implications.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Serial changes in arterial endothelium following ischemia and perfusion.

The acute and chronic changes produced in canine femoral arteries by ischemia and by perfusion with D10W were examined by light and by scanning electron microscopy. Mild changes of injury characterized by medial and adventitial inflammation and an increase in intimal lining cells occur following 30 minutes of perfusion with return to a normal microscopic appearance within one week. Perfusion for 6 hours produces significant injury to the entire arterial wall, as evidenced by depletion of cells and elastin from the media, replacement with collagen, and eventual fibrosis. The intimal surface is replaced by a layer of spindle cells which appear to originate in the media. The internal elastic membrane is flattened and thrombosis is prominent, particularly in areas where medial fibrosis is severe. Many of the vascular changes produced by perfusion injury may persist for 3 months and some may even by permanent. A period of 6 hours of ischemia also produces similar but less prominent alterations in vascular morphology which return to near-normal appearance within 8 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Serial changes in arterial structure following radiation therapy.

Acute and chronic morphologic changes in the endothelium and the media of canine femoral arteries following 4,000 roentgen given over a ten day period were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The endothelium showed evidence of moderate to severe acute injury within 48 hours after the course of radiation was completed, as evidenced by marked nuclear disruption with sloughing of entire cells in some areas and widespread patchy intimal fibrin deposition. Repopulation of the luminal surface with new cells forming an irregular and thickened surface became apparent within three weeks but was still incomplete at four months. The internal elastic membrane appeared to be preserved following radiation. The media evidenced minimal alteration during the first week subsequent to radiation, after which a progressive increase in cellularity and later fibrosis with some focal areas of necrosis and round cell infiltration occurred. The adventitia showed progressive hemorrhage and chronic inflammation. The results of this study suggest that radiation injury to the endothelium may be independent from injury to the remainder of the wall of the vessel. The morphologic alterations in the media and adventitia may be long lasting and perhaps permanent in contrast to the more acute changes with gradual repair in the endothelium. Arterial thrombosis is uncommon following radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Arterial endothelial changes after ischemia and perfusion.

The effects of six hours of ischemia and six hours of perfusion with 10 per cent dextrose and water solution, Sacks' solution and Intralipid on the endothelium of common femoral arteries in dogs were examined by light and by scanning electron microscopy and compared with normal arteries. Arteries that were ischemic or perfused with 10 per cent dextrose and water solution or Sacks' solution showed a flattening of the normal linear convolutions and extensive crater formation, with fragmentation and even complete loss of endothelial cells in many areas. The more severe changes occurred in perfused vessels. Fibrin and platelets covered the luminal surface in many areas in which there was extensive injury to the endothelium. Light microscopy revealed thickening of the internal elastic membrane and intimal fibrosis. Results of biopsies performed two weeks after perfusion showed slight, although incomplete, improvement in the structure of the endothelium. Arteries perfused with Intralipid had thickening of the intima with a proliferation of plump cells orientd linearly over the surface but with an absence of craters. Results of present studies confirm the observations of other investigators that injury to endothelial cells may be produced by ischemia and that perfusion with various solutions may produce an even more severe alteration in structure of the endothelial cell which does not return to normal within two weeks. The origin of new endothelial cells is not demonstrated by this study.

Animals↗