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Biomedical subjects

A Magnusson

Publications and source records attributed to A Magnusson.

141 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Influence of food on the effect of propantheline and L-hyoscyamine on salivation.

The absorption of a quartenary (propantheline, 30 mg) and a tetiary (1-hyoscyamine, 0.8 mg) anticholinergic compound was studied in 8 healthy volunteers by measuring the effects on salivation. Both compounds were administered as rapidly disintegrating tablets, 1-hyoscyamine also in a slow-release formulation (Egazil Durules). The three preparations and placebo were administered under fasting conditions and with a standardized light meal using a randomized cross-over design. Salivation measurement were performed with a citric acid stimulation method every hour for 10 hours. In the fasting patient, all three anticholinergic test preparations decreased the salivation significantly. When taken with food, the effect of propantheline was almost abolished, while the effects of the 1-hyoscyamine preparations were uninfluenced. It was concluded that the clinical effects of proprantheline might be extremely varying depending how the drug is taken in relation to meals. In contrast the clinical effects of 1-hyoscyamine seem to be independent of food intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Acetabulaira mediterranea: circadian rhythms of photosynthesis and associated changes in molecular structure of the thylakoid membranes.

Acetabularia mediterranea algae, grown in three different light-dark regimes, were frozen in liquid nitrogen at c.t.(1) 0 and c.t. 6 and a record made of 77 degrees K fluorescence emission spectra of their chloroplasts. Algae grown under LD cycles exhibited a clear circadian rhythm of oxygen production. The low temperature fluorescence emission spectrum at c.t.0 was different from that at c.t.6 and this difference was increased by submitting the algae to successive "freeze-thaw" treatment. Similar results were obtained in DD, and the photosynthesis rhythm remained fully expressed. Algae grown in LL, where no rhythm of photosynthesis could be detected in the samples because there is a great individual variability in period lenght under these conditions, exhibited a similar difference in their low temperature flourescence emission spectra between c.t.0 and c.t.6. We conclude that the circadian rhythm in low-temperature fluorescence emission of the chloroplasts in Acetabularia is related to the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis.

Acetabularia↗
PubMed1975

Acetylsalicylic acid and gastrointestinal bleeding measurement of blood loss using a modified radioactive chromium method.

A comparative study of the gastrointestinal blood loss during intake of a new buffered acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparation and plain ASA tablets has been performed. A modified radioactive chromium method was used. The 51Cr activity was considerably less than that used in previous methods, and no feces homogenization was necessary. The study was performed in 18 volunteers using a randomized crossover design. A significant reduction in gastrointestinal bleeding was registered during ingestion of the buffered ASA in comparison with the plain ASA tablets.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary pH and plasma levels of salicylate after administration of different buffered acetylsalicylic acid formulations.

In a controlled cross-over study comprising eight healthy subjects of effervescent acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and an experimental ASA formulation were compared with unbuffered ASA and placebo concerning effects on the urinary pH within a dosage interval after 2 days' medication with 3 g ASA daily. The effects on the urinary pH were related to the morning plasma salicylate concentrations observed. Both the buffered formulations significantly increased the median pH of the period studied compared to unbuffered ASA, the effervescent by 1.5 units and the experimental by 0.6 units. Unbuffered ASA significantly decreased the median pH compared to placebo. Those subjects with the most acidic urine during placebo treatment showed the most pronounced pH elevations due to effervescent ASA. The plasma salicylate concentration was significantly lower with the effervescent formulation compared with unbuffered ASA, but there was no statistical difference between the experimental tablet and unbuffered ASA. The variable effects on the urinary pH and the plasma salicylate concentrations induced by the two buffered preparations are explained by the different absorbabilities of the buffering agents included. The results presented are consistent with recommendations not to use bicarbonate-containing ASA formulations continuously when high plasma levels are desirable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hexapropymate self-poisoning causes severe and long-lasting clinical symptoms.

Cases of hexapropymate poisoning requiring intensive care in an urban region of Sweden (420,000 inhabitants) were collected over 2.5 years (1985 to 1987). Only patients with serum hexapropymate concentrations above 5.5 mg/L (30 mumol/L) and with a negative history for intake of tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, barbiturates, antihistaminic drugs and opiates were included. Clinical data about 8 intoxication events in 6 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Initial symptoms included coma, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoventilation. Maximum coma depth (Glasgow coma score) was 3 to 5 in 5 out of 8 events. On 7 occasions assisted ventilation was required (for 12 hours or more in 5 events). There was no relationship between serum concentrations of hexapropymate and severity of clinical symptoms. All patients survived. Detailed analysis of the drug elimination in one patient showed a terminal elimination half-life of 21 hours, which is longer than previously reported (5 hours). The indications for use of this hypnotic drug may vary between doctors since an 8-fold variation was seen in drug prescription between Swedish counties in 1987. Poisoning with hexapropymate is a serious condition which may require symptomatic treatment in the intensive care unit. The clinical picture is similar to that seen in patients with burbiturate intoxication. There is no role for active forced elimination of the drug. It is questionable whether the clinical value of the drug is outweighted by its toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perirenal lymphoma. Report of a case.

A patient with fever and abdominal pain was examined with ultrasonography and CT. The two methods demonstrated an isolated perirenal mass but the exact nature of it could not be established. Ultrasonographically guided coarse needle biopsy and the following histopathologic examination of the biopsy core demonstrated a malignant lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography in early stages of testicular carcinoma. Size of normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lymph nodes in patients with metastases in stage II A. A SWENOTECA study: Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Project.

From the SWENOTECA Project, the CT findings in 156 patients treated by bilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were reviewed. Of these, 112 were in stage I (no metastases) and 44 in stage II A (metastases in normal-sized lymph nodes and in nodes with a maximum diameter in the transverse plane of less than or equal to 20 mm). The normal size of lymph nodes in young Scandinavian men was found to be less than 10 mm X 8 mm above the bifurcation, except in the area below the left renal vein to the left of the aortic midline where the normal size was found to be maximally 14 mm X 10 mm. The addition of a lymphangiographic contrast medium did not change the size of the lymph nodes significantly above the bifurcation, while changes of importance were noticed in the pelvic area. Normal size without contrast medium was found to be at the most 15 mm X 10 mm and after addition of contrast medium to the nodes 28 mm X 12 mm. The results of the CT findings in the stage II A group were not impressive but changed somewhat for the better using the new limits concerning size of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The impact of using different limits is discussed and it is concluded that metastases in normal-sized or almost normal-sized lymph nodes will continue to be a diagnostic problem, at least when using CT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast enhancement of pathologic lymph nodes demonstrated by computed tomography.

Enlarged mediastinal, retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes are often difficult to differentiate from vascular structures. Contrast medium is therefore used to help to discriminate arteries and veins from lymph nodes. This study was undertaken to investigate the degree to which pathologic lymph nodes become enhanced after an intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium. Computed tomography was performed in 25 patients with enlargement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes due to primary lympho-proliferative disease or metastases. A dynamic sequence of a well delineated lymph node was obtained over a period of two minutes. Contrast enhancement was seen in all lymph nodes, but of varying degree. The enhancement was correlated to that observed in the inferior vena cava. Most examined lymph nodes showed slight or moderate enhancement, but in five instances strong enhancement, more than 75 per cent of that of the vena cava, was found. These nodes could possibly have been misinterpreted as blood vessels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of tibial torsion employing fluoroscopy, computed tomography and the cryosectioning technique.

Accurate assessment of tibial torsion, particularly the rotational deformity of a stabilized tibial fracture, demands precise anatomic landmarks at the proximal and distal measuring sites of the tibia. A fluoroscopic method has been proposed, utilizing the orientation of the femoral condyles and the medial malleolus to constitute two lines of reference. The relevance of using these structures for the assessment was studied while employing fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and the cryosectioning technique in 10 necropsy specimens of the human tibia. In all specimens the lines of reference were determined by each method and the tibial torsion was measured as the angle between the lines. The medial malleolus and the femoral condyles were found to present reliable anatomic landmarks for determination of the lines of reference in all employed techniques. The maximum difference between results obtained with different methods in a given specimen was 5.4 degrees. The average difference between results with two techniques and two observers varied from 1.0 to 1.5 degrees. The reproducibility of the fluoroscopic method, described by the estimated standard error of a single determination, was 1.3 degree.

Fluoroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging, chest radiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography in malignant lymphoma.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared with chest radiography, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) for demonstration of spleen and liver engagement and enlarged lymph nodes in patients with malignant lymphoma. The investigation comprised 24 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 39 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). MRI demonstrated enlarged lymph nodes, distinctly separated from vessels, fat, muscle, liver and occasionally also pancreas without any contrast medium. The distinction between lymph nodes and spleen was, however, poor in the images. In the mediastinum, MRI was superior to chest radiography and had an accuracy similar to that of CT. In the abdomen and the pelvis MRI had slight advantages over CT in detection of enlarged lymph nodes. Compared with US the MRI results were similar in the abdomen and somewhat better in the pelvis. MRI and US were better than CT in revealing HD infiltrates in the spleen. Infiltration of NHL in the spleen was slightly better disclosed at US than at CT and MRI; most of the NHL infiltration, confirmed at histopathology, could, however, not be revealed with any of the modalities, except when the size of the spleen was considered. Regions in the spleen, displayed with low image intensity in the T2 weighted image, were most likely due to increased amount of fibrotic tissue in the lymphomatous lesions. Good demonstration of lymph nodes and lymphomatous lesions in the spleen with MRI required two sequences; one with short TR and TE (T1 weighted image) and one with long TR and TE (T2 weighted image).

Abdomen↗