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A Magnusson

Publications and source records attributed to A Magnusson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 in relation to risk factors in oral cancer - a molecular epidemiological study.

A group of 133 primary oral squamous cell carcinomas were studied concerning a relationship between exposure factors and tumour biological parameters with a focus on the TP53 gene and p53 protein status. Tumours were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 proteins. The TP53 gene was studied for mutations using PCR amplification of exons 5-9 and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The collected data were correlated to the exposure factors smoking, oral snuff, liquor, oral infections, dental factors, dental X-ray and iron deficiency. When compared with matched controls only oral infections, and reported HSV-infections in particular, gave statistically significant ORs (odds ratio) for all tumours (OR 8.0) as well as for the group of IHC p53 positive tumours (OR 12). No association between smoking and p53 positivity was found (OR 1.0).

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2002

Endovascular approach to treating secondary arterioureteral fistula.

Two patients with the rare entity of arterio-ureteral fistula are presented. Both highlight the predisposing factors of radiation, major surgery in the region, history of vascular surgery and presence of double-J-stent. Both patients presented with the clinical sign of intermittent gross hematuria. Both patients were successfully treated by endovascular intervention using graft covered stent.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Pressure flow measurement of hydronephrosis in children: a new approach to definition and quantification of obstruction.

PURPOSE: Hydronephrosis due to obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction is not uncommon in children. The critical level of outflow resistance characterizing obstruction remains to be established. It was previously found in our laboratory that the outflow resistance could be calculated in an animal model by servoregulating the infused flow to preset pressure levels. We determine whether this procedure is also feasible in patients with hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 46 patients with 48 hydronephrotic kidneys were examined. There were 32 boys and 14 girls with a diagnosis of hydronephrosis and suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction who underwent a pressure flow study under general anesthesia for evaluation before possible surgery. The kidney was punctured percutaneously under ultrasonic guidance, and the study was performed under fluoroscopy. Flow levels were measured when steady state flow was achieved at pressures 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mm. Hg greater than the intra-abdominal pressure. A conventional Whitaker test at an infusion rate of 10 ml. per minute was performed for comparison. The patient then underwent pyeloplasty if the kidney was considered obstructed. RESULTS: There were 2 patients excluded from evaluation because of significant leakage of contrast medium. Stable and repeatable recordings were obtained in all pressure flow studies but only in 7 of 46 Whitaker tests. A total of 41 kidneys were considered obstructed at pressure flow studies and operated on. The resistance was pressure dependent. Thus, mean resistance in the previous range 5 to 15 mm. Hg was considered a good overall measure of outflow resistance. Mean resistance less than 0.75 was normal and greater than 1.25 obstruction. There were 7 patients who had crossing vessels and a high mean resistance (3 or greater). CONCLUSIONS: The Whitaker test proved to be of no value for calculating the outflow resistance in ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The pressure flow study is superior to the Whitaker test for determining the outflow resistance and also allowing categorization of ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Enhanced visualisation of the normal prostate blood flow in young healthy volunteers using a new ultrasound contrast agent.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the sonographic appearance of normal prostate vascularity before and after injection of a new ultrasound contrast agent, Sonazoid (NC100100, Nycomed Amersham). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five healthy male volunteers were given three injections of Sonazoid each. Transrectal B-mode, colour Doppler and colour Doppler energy (i.e. power Doppler) imaging was performed. The visibility of the vascular pattern and the vascular architecture of the prostate, including dynamics of contrast inflow and blood flow symmetry, were evaluated. RESULTS: The depiction of the vascularity was improved in all subjects after injection of Sonazoid for both Doppler modes. No improvement was seen for B-mode. Contrast dynamics within the prostate vessels were demonstrated with a mean time from injection of the ultrasound contrast agent to enhancement of the Doppler signals in the subcapsular arteries of 14+/-1 s (11--17 s), and the ultrasound contrast agent reached the central periurethral veins 4--7 s later. A symmetric, radial, spoke-like intraprostatic vascular pattern could be identified in all subjects using power Doppler imaging and ultrasound contrast agent. CONCLUSION: Sonazoid improved the detection of normal human prostate vascular anatomy for both colour and power Doppler imaging. Contrast dynamic studies revealed a radial spoke-like intraprostatic vascular pattern. This information might be useful in examination of patients with suspicion of prostate cancer, and needs to be further investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Xylene-free method for histological preparation: a multicentre evaluation.

The backbone of daily pathological diagnostic work is the paraffin section. Paraffin sections are still prepared by methods largely unchanged for over 150 years. A xylene-free method has been developed that excludes xylene, not only as the intermediate step before the paraffin baths, but also for deparaffinizing of the cut sections, which also eliminates the need for rehydration and dehydration for the staining and mounting steps. Elimination of xylene from tissue processing cuts costs, saves time, and improves the laboratory environment. Experience with xylene-free sections since 1995 at the Vrinnevi Hospital is favorable. Our opinion is that the xylene-free sections are equivalent to conventionally processed sections. To test this hypothesis, nine pathologists from three hospitals participated in an evaluation trial. Paired tissue blocks from 10 consecutively submitted samples each of breast, intestine, and skin were processed by either the xylene-free or the conventional method. Sections from each block were deparaffinized and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and with van Gieson's method. A randomized mix of 180 sections (10 samples x 3 tissues x 3 stains x 2) gave 90 matched pairs. Each section was blindly examined and scored by nine pathologists to give 810 paired observations for statistical evaluation. The xylene-free sections were ranked as good as or better than their conventional counterparts in 74% of the comparisons, and poorer in 26%. The major discriminating factor was the staining method. H&E and PAS sections were equivalent. The xylene-free van Gieson sections, cut from the same blocks and randomly assigned to this stain, tended to be downgraded. This could be traced to a faulty stain solution used for this batch. The overall results have demonstrated professional acceptance for the xylene-free method of processing histological sections.

Breast↗
PubMed2000

Detection and characterisation of renal lesions by multiphasic helical CT.

PURPOSE: The fast helical CT technique allows examination of the kidneys during different phases of contrast medium enhancement. However, every additional phase increases the radiation dosage to the patients. We investigated the detection rate and characterisation of renal lesions during different phases and evaluated them separately, and considered the possibility of excluding phases without loss of important information. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients who underwent contrast-enhanced multiphasic renal helical CT examination were included. Every CT phase was evaluated separately. The number of lesions and the characteristics of the lesions were noted and all lesions were viewed together. RESULTS: A total of 153 cysts and 17 solid lesions were detected. The largest and an equal number of cysts (142/143) was detected in the nephrographic and excretory phases. However, the nephrographic phase detected more cortical cysts and the excretory phase detected more sinus cysts. All solid lesions were detected in all phases. Renal parenchymal tumours were best characterised in the cortical phase and angiomyolipomas in the native phase. CONCLUSION: The cortical phase was best for characterisation of renal parenchymal tumours. The nephrographic and excretory phases were best in detecting and characterising renal cysts. The nephrographic phase was the phase giving the least diagnostic information.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Influence of pre-examination starvation on liver uptake of the hepatocyte-specific contrast medium FP 736-04 at CT. An experimental study in the rat.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of starvation on contrast-enhanced CT of the liver using the iodinated hepatocyte-specific lipid emulsion FP 736-04. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT examination of the liver was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats before and after an i.v. infusion of 1.0 ml/kg b.w. of FP 736-04. The examination was preceded by a 15-h period of food withdrawal (the starvation group). A control group was subjected to the same CT examination protocol with use of FP 736-04 but without prior starvation. RESULTS: Liver attenuation values did not differ significantly between the starvation and the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: A pre-examination period of starvation had no effect on FP 736-04 liver enhancement on CT However, liver attenuation tended to decrease more slowly in the starvation group than in the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Value of transsternal core biopsy in patients with a newly diagnosed mediastinal mass.

Histopathologic analysis of an anterior mediastinal mass of unknown origin is essential for treatment decision. Mediastinoscopy is the most common procedure performed to obtain biopsies, but general anaesthesia and hospitalization are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether transsternal core biopsies, an easy outpatient biopsy technique, could be an alternative to mediastinoscopy. A biopsy instrument that makes it possible to reach tumours hidden behind bone was used for transsternal CT-guided core biopsies in 21 patients with a newly diagnosed anterior mediastinal mass. No severe side effects were observed. In 19/21 (90%) patients the biopsies were diagnostic. In 2/21 patients additional biopsy techniques had to be used. In these two patients Hodgkin's disease was suspected in the first biopsy procedures. The diagnosis was confirmed by new core biopsies, from other parts of the tumour, not using a transsternal approach (transclavicular and parasternal, respectively). In addition, one mediastinoscopy was performed in a patient who was diagnosed with a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but where more material was needed for lymphoma subclassification. It is concluded that CT-guided transsternal core biopsy is a clinically valuable method in patients with a newly diagnosed anterior mediastinal mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effects of inverse ratio ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure in oleic acid-induced lung injury.

Continuous as well as cyclic (with each expiration) lung collapse in acute respiratory failure can be reduced by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or short expiration times, as in inverse ratio ventilation (IRV). In 20 pigs with oleic acid-induced lung edema, we compared the effects of a PEEP of 20 cm H(2)O with IRV, using an inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 3:1 without external PEEP. During IRV, expiration times of 0.5 or 1.0 s were obtained with respiratory rates of 30 breaths/min or 15 breaths/min, respectively. In 15 animals, ventilation-perfusion relationships were studied through the multiple inert gas elimination technique, and lung morphology was studied with computed tomography. In another five pigs, blood flow distribution was studied with perfusion scintigraphy. All three ventilatory modes had similar effects on mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and mean airway pressure. PEEP reduced shunt and improved oxygenation to a greater extent than the two modes of IRV, although there was a large variation within each group. The improvement, irrespective of which ventilatory mode was superior in a particular pig, was caused by greater and more even aeration of the lung, whereas the perfusion distribution with PEEP was the same as with IRV. Thus, the strategy of stabilizing the lungs through short expiration times, as in IRV, did not offer any advantages in our lung injury model.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Lack of seasonal mood change in the Icelandic population: results of a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder-as measured by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire-has been found to be unexpectedly low among Icelanders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to measure seasonal variations in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Icelanders assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire. METHOD: Four 1, 000-person cohorts, age 20-70 years, selected at random from the Icelandic National Register, were sent the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale by mail in either January, April, July, or October. Only responses from the 4-week period after each mailing were considered in the subsequent analysis. RESULTS: The mean anxiety and depression scores in winter were not higher than those in summer for either sex. There was no significant difference between winter and summer in rates of actual or borderline cases of anxiety or depression or for the two categories combined. CONCLUSIONS: This lack of seasonality in anxiety and depression is in sharp contrast to findings from similar cross-sectional studies and may reflect the low propensity for seasonal affective disorder that has been described in the Icelandic population.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To review and systematize all epidemiological studies of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). METHOD: The relevant papers were identified by searches in Medline, Excerpta Medica, PsychLIT and other databases. The primary reports were reviewed for additional citations. The studies were classified into retrospective and prospective population surveys, surveys of patient populations and studies of seasonal variations in psychiatric illnesses other than mood disorders. RESULTS: The prevalence estimates of SAD across 20 retrospective studies varied from 0% to 9.7%. All prospective population studies, except one, find seasonal variations in mood, depressive symptoms usually peaking in winter. SAD was more prevalent at higher northern latitudes, but the prevalence varied across ethnic groups. SAD has also been identified in children and adolescents. Seasonal exacerbations and remissions are not limited to mood disorders, it has also been found in bulimia nervosa, anxiety disorders and other psychiatric illnesses. CONCLUSION: The actuality of seasonal variation in mood has been documented thoroughly by both retrospective and prospective studies. In the general population, depressive symptoms peak in winter, and the most extreme form of this disposition, SAD, appears to be a relatively common disorder.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1999

Allergic disease in teenagers in relation to urban or rural residence at various stages of childhood.

BACKGROUND: Higher prevalences of allergic diseases and IgE antibodies to inhalant allergens have been reported for persons living in urban areas than for persons living in rural areas. METHODS: Associations between cumulative incidences of allergic diseases in 1878 children aged 13-14 years and their place of residence (urban, semiurban, or rural) from birth were assessed by questionnaire (ISAAC), in order to find out whether there is a period of increased sensitivity to external influences during the first few years of life. Family history and exposure to pets, tobacco smoke, and damp were considered in multiple regression. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher prevalence of allergic diseases with urban residence than with rural residence during the first 2 years of life (e.g., for bronchial asthma, relative risk (RR) for the first year 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.7). An increased risk was still found after multiple regression (RR=1.7). Semiurban residence was associated with an intermediate cumulative incidence of allergic diseases. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma (RR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a period of increased susceptibility during the first years of life. Whether rural lifestyle protects against allergy or whether urban pollutants contribute to allergy has to be elucidated [corrected].

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Positive end-expiratory pressure prevents atelectasis during general anaesthesia even in the presence of a high inspired oxygen concentration.

BACKGROUND: General anaesthesia impairs the gas exchange in the lungs, and moderate desaturation (SaO2 86-90%) occurred in 50% of anaesthetised patients in a blinded pulse oximetry study. A high FiO2 might reduce the risk of hypoxaemia, but can also promote atelectasis. We hypothesised that a moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level of 10 cmH2O can prevent atelectasis during ventilation with an FiO2 = 1.0. METHODS: Atelectasis was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) in 13 ASA I-II patients undergoing elective surgery. CT scans were obtained before and 15 min after induction of anaesthesia. Then, recruitment of collapsed lung tissue was performed as a "vital capacity manoeuvre" (VCM, inspiration with Paw = 40 cmH2O for 15 s), and a CT scan was obtained at the end of the VCM. Thereafter, PEEP = 0 cmH2O was applied in group 1, and PEEP = 10 cmH2O in group 2. Additional CT scans were obtained after the VCM. Oxygenation was measured before and after the VCM. RESULTS: Atelectasis (> 1 cm2) was present in 12 of the 13 patients after induction of anaesthesia. At 5 and 10 min after the VCM, atelectasis was significantly smaller in group 2 than group 1 (P < 0.005). A significant inverse correlation was found between PaO2 and atelectasis. CONCLUSIONS: PEEP = 10 cmH2O reduced atelectasis formation after a VCM, when FiO2 = 1.0 was used. Thus, a VCM followed by PEEP = 10 cmH2O should be considered when patients are ventilated with a high FiO2 and gas exchange is impaired.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Dynamics of re-expansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia.

A major cause of impaired gas exchange during general anaesthesia is atelectasis, causing pulmonary shunt. A 'vital capacity' (VC) manoeuvre (i.e. inflation of the lungs up to 40 cm H2O, maintained for 15 s) may re-expand atelectasis and improve oxygenation. However, such a manoeuvre may cause adverse cardiovascular effects. Reducing the time of maximal inflation may improve the margin of safety. The aim of this study was to analyse the change over time in the amount of atelectasis during a VC manoeuvre in 12 anaesthetized adults with healthy lungs. I.v. anaesthesia with controlled mechanical ventilation (VT 9 (SD 1) ml kg-1) was used. For the VC manoeuvre, the lungs were inflated up to an airway pressure (Paw) of 40 cm H2O. This pressure was maintained for 26 s. Atelectasis was assessed by analysis of computed x-ray tomography. The amount of atelectasis, measured at the base of the lungs, was 4.0 (SD 2.7) cm2 after induction of anaesthesia. The decrease in the amount of atelectasis over time during the VC manoeuvre was described by a negative exponential function with a time constant of 2.6 s. At an inspired oxygen concentration of 40%, PaO2 increased from 17.2 (4.0) kPa before to 22.2 (6.0) kPa (P = 0.013) after the VC manoeuvre. Thus in anaesthetized adults undergoing mechanical ventilation with healthy lungs, inflation of the lungs to a Paw of 40 cm H2O, maintained for 7-8 s only, may re-expand all previously collapsed lung tissue, as detected by lung computed tomography, and improve oxygenation. We conclude that the previously proposed time for a VC manoeuvre may be halved in such subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: an electroclinical study of a Norwegian family with ten affected members.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to describe in detail the electroclinical findings associated with a mutation in the acetylcholine receptor in a Norwegian family with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). Furthermore, we compared the clinical features associated with this mutation with those of an Australian family with a different mutation at the same locus, as well as with those of eight Italian families with ADNFLE and without a verified mutation in this gene. METHODS: We obtained medical records from all of the 10 known affected members of the Norwegian family. A personal interview and a clinical neurologic examination were carried out in six of them. Interictal and ictal scalp EEG recordings were obtained in eight and three, respectively, computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) in five, and blood samples for genetic analysis in seven individuals. The clinical features after an insertion of a leucine residue in the alpha4 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are examined. Furthermore, the clinical features that accompany this insertion and the clinical features associated with a missense mutation (Ser248Phe) in the same gene were compared. RESULTS: All the affected individuals had a seizure semiology consistent with frontal lobe seizures. Their seizures started in childhood (mean age, 8 years) and were often misinterpreted as benign nocturnal parasomnias, nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, or a psychiatric disorder. The affected family members were of normal intellect and showed no abnormalities at neurologic and neuroradiologic examinations. Interictal scalp EEG registrations were mostly normal, ictal scalp EEG registrations in three individuals revealed left frontal low-voltage epileptiform discharges in two, and only shallow arousal preceding the attack in one. Although the seizure susceptibility varied among the affected individuals, the epilepsy course was mostly benign. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ADNFLE, either with the 776ins3 mutation or the Ser248Phe mutation, and those without any recognized mutation in the acetylcholine receptor, have strikingly homogeneous phenotypes, and it seems difficult to separate them on clinical grounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Can winter depression be prevented by Ginkgo biloba extract? A placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test the hypothesis that the Ginkgo biloba extract PN246, in tablet form (brand name Bio-Biloba), may prevent the symptoms of winter depression (WD) in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). METHOD: A total of 27 SAD patients were randomized to receive double-blind placebo or Bio-Biloba for 10 weeks or until they developed symptoms of WD, starting in a symptom-free phase about 1 month before expected WD symptoms. An extended Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale was completed before and immediately after termination of medication. The patients also self-rated some key symptoms on a visual analogue scale every 2 weeks during the trial. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the treatment groups in the number of patients who developed treatment-requiring WD, or in the development of single key symptoms during the trial. CONCLUSION: We did not find that Ginkgo biloba was able to prevent the development of the symptoms of winter depression.

Adult↗