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Biomedical subjects

A Mackie

Publications and source records attributed to A Mackie.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Production and immunochemical characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human Lewis blood group structures.

Two mouse monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the Lea blood group determinant of human red cells have been produced by immunising mice with soluble Lewis substance. Both antibodies were of the IgM class and agglutinated only trypsinised or papainised Lea-positive red cells. The precise antigenic conformations recognised by these antibodies have been defined by inhibition studies with monosaccharides, disaccharides and synthetic blood group oligosaccharides. These studies have suggested that the alpha-side of a 1-substituted D-galactosyl residue is a central part of the determinants recognised by the antibodies. Preliminary studies have shown these antibodies to be superior to many of the presently available human and animal polyclonal reagents for routine Lea typing of red cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of amphotericin B with combination chemotherapy on response rates and on survival in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Thirty-seven patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung were randomized to receive doxorubicin, lomustine, hexamethylmelamine, and methotrexate (ACHM) or ACHM plus amphotericin B (AMB). The complete plus partial response rate was 39% for ACHM plus AMB, compared to 23% for ACHM alone. However, the median duration of complete or partial response was only 3.0 months with ACHM plus AMB, compared to 7.0 months with ACHM. Most importantly, median survival was only 4.0 months with ACHM plus AMB, compared to 8.0 months with ACHM (P = 0.08; two-tail test). Myelosuppression was enhanced by the addition of AMB. Although AMB has biological and antitumor activity in certain clinical circumstances, it does not appear to have a meaningful role in palliative therapy of patients with non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Altretamine↗
PubMed1981

Concentration and distribution of human plasma apolipoprotein E.

(1) A sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay for human apolipoprotein E is described. (2) The method gave a plasma apolipoprotein E concentration of 0.107 +/- 0.051 g/l n = 55) in normal subjects. This value increased significantly (to 0.179 +/- 0.088 g/l) in type II hyperlipoproteinaemia (n = 31, p less than 0.01). Type III subjects formed a distinct group whose mean plasma apolipoprotein E concentration was increased four fold over normal (p less than 0.001). The level in type IV subjects (0.136 +/- 0.056, n = 30) did not differ significantly from the normal value. (3) When plasma was subjected to gel filtration on columns of 6% agarose, apolipoprotein E was located in three regions. Peak I corresponded to very low density lipoproteins, Peak II to the area between very low density and low density lipoproteins and Peak III to the leading edge of the high density lipoprotein fraction. No E protein eluted from the column after high density lipoproteins. (4) In contrast, ultracentrifugation of plasma resulted in up to 40% of apolipoprotein E appearing in the lipoprotein-free (d greater than 1.21 kg/l) fraction. This protein appears to hae been stripped largely from high density lipoprotein during ultracentrifugation. (5) Compositional analysis of very low density, intermediate density and low density lipoproteins isolated by a cumulative flotation procedure showed that the apoE/apoB ratio was the same in the first two species but fell to a very low value in low density lipoproteins.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1975

Decisions to hospitalize and operate: a socioeconomic perspective in an urban state.

Rates of hospital discharges for selected surgical procedures and some medical conditions were compared by socioeconomic status (SES) of patients for all 1972 hospital discharges from the 13 voluntary general hospitals located in Rhode Island. Socioeconomic status was determined by scoring the census tract of patient residence with such variables as median family income, housing status, etc. Many frequently performed surgical procedures had similar rates for the high, middle, low, and poverty socioeconomic groups. Procedures performed more frequently on the poverty than on the high SES group were tonsillectomy and upper gastrointestinal, heart, hemorrhoid, and cataract procedures. Dental procedures were performed more frequently on the high SES group. The over-all rate of hospital admissions showed a steady decline from the rate of 156 per 1,000 for the poverty census tracts to 104 for the high SES census tracts. This trend was reflected in the admission rates for several conditions requiring primary medical management, such as infections, diabetes, and skin problems. The population-based frame of reference used in this study can be a useful tool for raising pertinent questions for both professional standards review organizations and health planning groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with M blood group-related antigens.

Four mouse monoclonal antibodies were produced with specificities related to human blood group M antigen. The antibodies react in direct hemagglutination systems, and their specificities were investigated by their reactions with variant and enzyme-modified red cells. The effects of temperature and pH on their hemagglutination reactions also were investigated, and all four were murine IgG antibodies. Physicochemical and serologic investigations showed them to be four distinct antibodies, and each one could be used for M blood grouping under appropriate conditions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The potentiation of "incomplete" mouse monoclonal anti-Lea agglutination with colloids.

Mouse monoclonal anti-Lea produced in this center was found to agglutinate only Le(a+) red cells which had been modified with proteases. In order to provide a stable medium in which the monoclonal anti-Lea would directly agglutinate unmodified red cells, the potentiating effect of a variety of colloids was assessed. Satisfactory results were obtained when 10 percent (wt/vol) dextran and 2 percent (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin were added to the culture supernatant containing anti-Lea. It is suggested that direct hemagglutination mediated by these colloids resulted from a combination of increased antibody uptake by Le(a+) red cells and change in the shape of these red cells induced by dextran.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Murine monoclonal antibody with anti-e-like specificity: suitability for screening for e-negative cells.

A directly agglutinating murine monoclonal antibody of the IgG3 isotype has been produced after mice were immunized with papain-treated Bombay phenotype, e-positive red cells (RBCs). The antibody strongly agglutinated all e-positive RBCs and gave negative reactions with RBCs from Rhnull persons and those homozygous for Rh deletion genes. Variable reactivity was found with e-negative RBCs, ranging from weak to negative with R2R2, slightly stronger with r"r", and stronger still with RzRz. These reactions, together with results from tests with a large panel of Rh-variant RBCs, suggested a specificity for an epitope that is part of the e mosaic but is also expressed at least partially on e-negative RBCs and is influenced by the presence of C. This antibody has been standardized for use as a screening reagent for R2R2 cells by a microplate technique, and over 6000 donations have been screened in this way. No discrepancies have been found in confirmatory tests for e-negative status using human anti-e.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apparatus for the measurement of total body nitrogen using prompt neutron activation analysis with californium-252.

Details of clinical apparatus designed for the measurement of total body nitrogen (as an indicator of body protein), suitable for the critically ill, intensive-care patient are presented. Californium-252 radio-isotopic neutron sources are used, enabling a nitrogen measurement by prompt neutron activation analysis to be made in 40 min with a precision of +/- 3.2% for a whole body dose equivalent of 0.145 mSv. The advantages of Californium-252 over alternative neutron sources are discussed. A comparison between two irradiation/detection geometries is made, leading to an explanation of the geometry adopted for the apparatus. The choice of construction and shielding materials to reduce the count rate at the detectors and consequently to reduce the pile-up contribution to the nitrogen background is discussed. Salient features of the gamma ray spectroscopy system to reduce spectral distortion from pulse pile-up are presented.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying the nonmedical concerns of patients with ocular melanoma.

1. The task of enhancing patients' quality of life begins with identifying their needs and concerns. This process requires a knowledge base of the needs, problems, and barriers patients face as they struggle with the physical, psychological, and social sequelae of cancer. 2. To enhance knowledge of the psychosocial consequences of ocular melanoma and to facilitate supportive care planning, a study was initiated to identify patients' needs arising from the symptom management and nonmedical concerns of these patients, barriers to resolving these needs, and patients' service preferences. 3. The results indicate that the expressed needs inventory and the scales measuring unexpressed needs represent a valid and reliable approach to needs assessment, and that this approach is able to identify the needs resulting from patients' symptom management and nonmedical concerns.

Clinical Nursing Research↗