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Biomedical subjects

A Macfarlane

Publications and source records attributed to A Macfarlane.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

THe changing seasonality of infant deaths in England and Wales 1912-78 and its relation to seasonal temperature.

Seasonal variation in the rates of stillbirth, and of deaths under the age of one year, were studied for England and Wales in order to examine (a) changes in the seasonal variation over the years and (b) the correlation between seasonal rates and seasonal temperatures. The quarterly rates of stillbirths were studied for the period 1928-78; and of deaths under the age of one year, in six different age groups, for the period 1912-78. A disappearance of seasonal variation in rates ('deseasonality') occurrred from stillbirths in about 1950, and for neonatal deaths in about 1965. For deaths at 1-2 months a trend towards deseasonality has been apparent since 1955, but there has been no such trends for deaths at 3-11 months of age. In the period before deseasonality, and for the first quarter of the year, there was a high negative correlation between the neonatal death rate and the mean temperature in England and Wales but this correlation fell as the seasonal variation in rates fell. The findings suggest that seasonal variation in the neonatal death rate was closely related to winter temperatures during the period 1921-60. For deaths at 1-11 months old, there has been and still is a relation between temperature and seasonal variation in rates, but the relation was less close than for the neonatal death rate.

England↗
PubMed1978

Localisation of human speech by the newborn baby and the effects of pethidine ('meperidine').

Eight newborn babies were tested to see whether they could make discriminating headturn responses to the sound of a 9-second recording of a human voice coming from 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 80 degrees from the midline, from either the right or left side. The babies showed significant differences in response to sounds coming from the right and the left, and to sounds coming from 15 degrees and 80 degrees from the midline. Pethidine ('Meperidine') given to the mother during labour had a significant effect, both on degree of response and on the babies' apparent ability to localize sound.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1978

Controlled trials.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1977

Daily mortality and environment in English conurbations. Air pollution, low temperature, and influenza in Greater London.

With the decline in concentrations of suspended particulate pollution in Greater London the association seen in the 1950s and early 1960s between daily mortality and air pollution in the conurbation is no longer apparent. Associations between unusually cold weather and short-term increases in mortality have been noted; there appears to be a tendency for influenza epidemics to follow cold spells.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1975

Olfaction in the development of social preferences in the human neonate.

Olfactory perception in the human neonate has been largely ignored. The present experiments examine the possibility that neonates can use smell to locate a food source and that they can differentiate between their own mother and another mother on the basis of smell. Head-turning to breast pads was used in perference tests. Although the neonate did not appear to be able to use smell to localize a food source, significantly more babies spent more time turning towards their own mother's breast pad than towards a clean breast pad at five days of age. By six days of age babies were showing a differential response between their own mother's breast pad and another mother's breast pad, although this differentiation was not present at two days of age.

Age Factors↗