HIV-infection in two premature babies after a transfusion from the same infected donor.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
A Maccabruni
Publications and source records attributed to A Maccabruni.
[Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Presentation of a clinical case].
This paper describes a case of cavernous sinus septic thrombosis with cerebellar complication. The CNS was involved after a primitive piodermitis of the face. The diagnostic tools employed in the management of the case and the therapeutic procedures in the acute phase and in the convalescence are discussed. The patient completely recovered after chemotherapeutic treatment.
Adolescent↗
[Imported malaria in Lombardia. A second review of hospitalized cases in 1981-1985].
We carried out a research on hospitalized cases of imported malaria in Lombardy in the period 1981-1985 to characterize the risk factors and the clinical features of this phenomenon and to identify its trend in comparison with the previous quinquennium (Carosi et al., 1983). 1) Prevalent factors of risk are: the P. falciparum etiology (68%), the african origin of the strains, the work motivated travelling (56%) and a long period of stay (56%) in the summer-autumnal season (62%). On the contrary, in the previous quinquennium, short periods of stay during winter season prevailed. 2) As far as the chemoprophylaxis is concerned, it has been adopted in 55% of the cases, but only in 14 cases it was correct. In 52% of the cases, symptoms were noted within 20 days of re-entry, and in 17% of the cases they started abroad. In 62% of the cases a correct diagnosis was made within 10 days from the onset of symptoms and in 72% fever disappeared within 48 hours after therapy. Data show an inversion of the trend of the previous quinquennium and evidentiate a wider use of chemoprophylaxis and a more effective therapeutic action by the Sanitary Structure in Lombardy. The Authors stress the need for improvement in malaria control programs by Italian industries working in Developing Countries (roads and dams construction) and the increasing prophylactic problems related to che widespread extent of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum strains in Africa. Our causistry shows the outcome of 14 falciparum malaria cases in spite of correct chloroquine chemoprophylaxis.
Adult↗
[Incidence of mycotic infections in children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)].
Opportunistic mycotic infections have a significant influence on the morbidity and mortality of children whose immune systems are depressed by the onset of AML. The present paper assesses the incidence of the pathogenic mycotic flora and the in vitro efficacy of the main antimycotic drugs. Candida was che most commonly encountered pathogen and its in vitro response to the polyenic antibiotics was good.
Amphotericin B↗
[Heterogeneous neurologic manifestations of AIDS in children].
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AIDS-Related Complex↗
[Clinical review of 3 cases of aspergillosis].
Three cases of aspergillosis observed in Pavia Infectious Disease Clinic in 1983-85 are described. The cases differed both in the site of the infection (lungs, bones and liver) and in the patients' basic immunological situation. The importance of mycological investigations during diagnosis is emphasised, though they should of course be flanked by instrumental examinations and blood chemical assays. The efficacy of specific treatment with amphotericin B combined with surgery and plasma exchange is also emphasised.
Adolescent↗
[Syphilitic encephalitis: a diagnosis to be kept in mind. Epidemiological considerations and description of a case].
Since the introduction of antibiotic treatment there has been a remarkable reduction in the incidence of "classical" neurosyphilis, and, when cerebral involvement occurs, a relative increase in abortive or monosymptomatic cases that are difficult to diagnose because of the prevalence of meninges and/or mental signs. A case of luetic meningoencephalitis is described with emphasis on diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects.
Adult↗
[Epidemiologic characteristics of malaria imported into Lombardy (Italy). Analysis of cases officially registered 1981-1985].
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Animals↗
[Epidemiological aspects of imported malaria 1976-1985].
The comparative analysis of the cases of imported malaria in Lombardy and in Italy during the ten-years period 1976-1985 shows that the prevalent factors of risk are, in both case-lists, the young age, the work motivated travelling and the stay in endemic areas of tropical Africa, where P. falciparum is greatly prevalent. Interesting outcomes of comparison of the two consecutive five-years periods 1976-1980 and 1981-1985 are discussed. As far as the african provenience (decreased) and the work motivated travelling (increased) are concerned, the two case lists are consistent and agree, yet P. falciparum malaria cases are decreased in Lombardy only. The increasing habit of chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in Lombardy, the persistant sensitivity of P. vivax to this drug and the widespread extent of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains in Africa are to be taken into account.
Adult↗
Accidental and transfusion malaria in Italy.
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Blood Transfusion↗
Primary hepatic aspergillosis: report of a case.
The authors describe a case of primary hepatic aspergillosis in an adult patient with no evident immunological impairment. Because the finding is to be regarded as unusual, the possible pathogenetic role of alcohol and long standing exposure to asbestos is discussed.
Adult↗
[Protocols for the diagnostic verification of lymph node toxoplasmosis].
The protocol we have fixed for the diagnosis of lymphonodal toxoplasmosis includes a precise succession of tests: 1) specific repeated serological tests (I.H.A.T., I.F.A.T., IgM--I.F.A.T. on total serum and on pure IgM fraction); 2) lymphonodal biopsy for histological examination and biological test (isolation procedure in mouse). We have evaluated the effectiveness of our protocol in 20 cases that we observed during 1980.
Adolescent↗
[Importation of malaria to Lombardy. II - Analysis of hospitalized cases].
Among 210 cases of imported malaria, officially notified in Lombardy from 1976 to 1980, we have selected 142 hospitalized patients and, about these, we got detailed informations on the stay in malaria endemic areas, on chemoprophylaxis and on their principal clinical data. We have found statistically significant correlations between P. falciparum infection and all the most frequent values in every class of epidemiological parameters considered, particularly with provenience from tropical African countries, touristic motivation, stay less than 30 days in winter season, onset of the illness within 20 days after the return in Italy, diagnostic lag shorter than 10 days after the onset and fever remission 2 or more days after starting specific treatment. There is also a tight correlation between these clinical parameters and the absence of individual chemoprophylaxis. The definition of these factors of risk is particularly useful to plan out some programs of prevention that should managed by regional Centers.
Chloroquine↗
[Importation of malaria to Lombardy. I - Analysis of reported cases].
The comparative analysis of the cases of imported malaria in Lombardy and in Italy during 1976-1980, shows that the prevalent factors of risk are, in both, the male sex, the young age, the stay in endemic areas of tropical Africa where P. falciparum is greatly prevalent. The only very significant difference is represented by the prevalence of touristic motivation of the stay among the cases of Lombardy. The efficacy of prophylaxis against these factors of risk allowed to note, in the two last years considered (1979-1980), a sharp reduction of the annual number of cases in opposition to the trend of European cases of malaria.
Female↗
[Post-transfusion malaria after imported malaria].
A case of falciparum malaria transmitted by a whole blood transfusion from a donor affected by imported malaria is reported. As an increased number of cases of transfusion malaria is reported in Europe during the past ten years, the authors emphasize the importance of screening blood donors by the I.F.A. test to identify carriers. They also discuss some related diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
Adult↗
Diagnostic protocols for lymphoglandular toxoplasmosis.
The diagnostic protocol for lymph node toxoplasmosis presented in this study is based on the following sequence: 1. specific serologic tests (IHAT, IFAT, IgM-IFAT) on total serum and on purified IgM serum fraction, performed twice, within a time interval of 21-28 days; 2. Lymph node biopsy for histologic studies and for isolation of the parasite in mice (biologic test). A critical analysis is reported for 20 cases submitted to this protocol in the course of the year 1980.
Adolescent↗
Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Programs to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis based on the evaluation of serologic tests can be performed at three periods: 1. before pregnancy (serologic, epidemiologic screening of "at risk" women); 2. during pregnancy (detection by seroconversion); 3. at delivery (diagnosis of evident or latent congenital infection). The screening devices, the IHA, IFA, and IgM-IFA tests, should be performed first and after 3 weeks possibly repeated. During pregnancy the observation of seroconversion or, in any case, an increase in serologic titer at the second blood withdrawal and, at delivery, high serologic titers are signs of fetal risk. The significance of the data has furthermore to be evaluated by specific IgM quantification on pure serologic fractions and by in vivo isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from amniotic fluid, placenta, or the newborn CSF, blood, and/or tissue. This data may suggest the necessity of therapeutic termination of pregnancy or application of a specific chemoprophylaxis/chemotherapy.
Abortion, Habitual↗
Hierarchy of baby-linked immunogenetic risk factors in the vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus.
Mother-to-infant transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) represents the major cause of pediatric HCV infection today. Immunogenetic influence has been poorly investigated and mainly confined to HLA-class II serological polymorphisms. Among 290 parities, 135 from Pavia and 155 from Bergamo, of HCV-RNA-infected Italian women, 21 babies (7.24%) were HCV-RNA positive at birth and steadily positive over 20 months of life. All the 21 infected babies and 44 randomly selected uninfected ones, born to HCV-RNA+ mothers but steadily negative for HCV-RNA during a follow-up of 2 years, and their mothers were investigated for HLA-G, -C, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 genomic polymorphisms. Among the different covariates, HLA-Cw*07, -G*010401, -DRB1*0701, -DRB1*1401 and homozygosity for HLA-G 14bp deletion can be considered as risk factors for HCV vertical transmission. On the contrary, protection was conferred by the HLA-DQB1*06, -G*0105N, -Cw*0602, DRB1*1104 and -DRB1*1302 alleles. Our initial question was: has the immunogenetic profile any role in the protection of the fetus growing in an infected milieu and, if so, is it independent from the other non-immunogenetic parameters? The answer to both questions should be yes.
Adult↗