Radioiodine has been the best choice of treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer. Loss of the ability to concentrate iodide makes thyroid cancer cells refractory to radioiodine therapy. Therefore, the methods that enhance the uptake of radioiodine may have significant therapeutic effect. Electroporation involves the application of short high-voltage electric pulses which transiently permeabilize the plasma membrane, allowing entry of the otherwise impermeable molecules. The aim of our study was to use electroporation for incorporating radioiodine into a non-iodine concentrating thyroid cell line. Cultured WRO thyroid cancer cells that do not incorporate iodine due to the lack of the specific transporter protein incorporated significant amounts of radioiodine after electroporation. The uptake of radioiodine by electroporation showed dependence on the electric field, external concentration of the iodine, time and the temperature of incubation. The incorporated radioiodine was retained over a period of 24 h. The retainability of the incorporated iodine may have a significant effect on the tumoricidal properties if validated in vivo.

Cell Line, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Brain metastases in well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid.

Fifteen patients (4 males and 11 females) developed brain metastases from well-differentiated thyroid cancer within 1 month to 14 years of the initial diagnosis. One patient presented with a brain tumor. Except for 3 patients with unique brain metastases, all the others had extensive metastases in nodes, lungs and bones in various combinations. Brain metastases generally appeared after the onset of metastases at other sites. The histology of the brain tumor matched the primary pathology in the 6 operated cases. The treatment was surgery and external radiation in 6 cases, and radioiodine or chemotherapy in the others. Survival in general was less than 6 months after the diagnosis of brain metastases. The prognosis is poor once the onset of brain metastases is evident.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fusion PET-CT demonstration of focal liver lesions.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Iodine deficiency in adolescents from Bombay slums.

BACKGROUND: Iodine deficiency may be associated with endemic goitre, lowered levels of circulating thyroid hormone and suboptimal brain function. We studied iodine deficiency, thyroid status and scholastic performance in 866 (416 girls and 450 boys) adolescents from the slums of Bombay. METHODS: We examined 866 adolescents (416 girls and 450 boys) to determine the presence of goitre. Circulating levels of T3 and T4 were estimated by radioimmunoassay and of thyroid stimulating hormone by the immunoradiometric assay technique. Their scholastic performance was assessed by the average marks obtained in the last examination. RESULTS: The prevalence of goitre was 56% in both boys and girls. The visible goitre rate was also similar in boys (9.8%) and girls (10.6%). We found no significant difference in the mean urinary iodine excretion and urinary iodine to creatinine ratio between boys and girls, but the mean serum T3 and T4 levels were lower in girls than in boys, while the thyroid stimulating hormone levels were higher. The mean thyroid hormone levels were consistent with normal thyroid function. With an increase in the size of goitre, there was a decrease in urinary iodine excretion, urinary iodine to creatinine ratio, T3 and T4 levels while the thyroid stimulating hormone levels increased. The scholastic performance of the adolescents with goitre was poor. Forty-eight per cent of them obtained less than 50% marks and their academic grades showed a significant association with thyroid stimulating hormone levels. CONCLUSION: Goitre has a high prevalence among adolescents in the slums of Bombay. This can be attributed partly to the increasing demand for iodine at puberty which cannot be satisfied with the limited amounts available in food. The children also show a poor scholastic performance. Mild iodine deficiency can be easily controlled by encouraging the use of iodized salt in adolescents.

Achievement↗