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Biomedical subjects

A M Polson

Publications and source records attributed to A M Polson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Histologic characteristics associated with bleeding after probing and visual signs of inflammation.

This study was designed to characterize histologically the gingival lesion associated with visual signs of inflammation and bleeding after probing. Sixty midfacial gingival sites in 26 persons were evaluated for visual presence of absence of inflammation and bleeding after probing using a controlled insertion pressure of 25 gm. In order to delineate the area for histologic analysis, a reference incision was made on the facial surface of the gingiva which corresponded to the depth and mesio-distal extent of the area probed and evaluated for signs of inflammation. Gingival biopsy specimens were morphometrically analyzed to determine the percentages of cell rich--collagen poor connective tissue and blood vessel lumens. Histometric data were grouped and compared with respect to the presence or absence of inflammation and bleeding. Specimens associated visually with inflammation had significantly greater percentages of both cell rich--collagen poor connective tissue and blood vessel lumens. Bleeding upon probing was associated with a significantly greater percentage of cell rich--collagen poor connective tissue without an increase of blood vessel lumens. It was concluded that both observed signs of inflammation and bleeding after probing can be used to detect inflammatory lesions in the gingiva. However, in areas inaccessible for evaluation of inflammation, bleeding determinations using controlled insertion pressures provided an objective diagnostic method for detecting the presence of an inflammatory lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Interrelationship of inflammation and tooth mobility (trauma) in pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

A series of studies has investigated interactions between periodontal trauma and marginal periodontitis in relation to the initiation, progression and treatment of periodontal disease. Lesions of trauma in the periodontal ligament consequent to either single or jiggling displacing forces result in morphologic alterations in the ligament and alveolar bone. These changes do not initiate the loss of connective tissue attachment characteristic of marginal periodontitis. Studies conducted in squirrel monkeys and beagle dogs in which jiggling forces have been produced subjacent to an established marginal periodontitis reported increased loss of alveolar bone, but the accelerated loss of attachment which occurred in the dog model did not occur in the monkey model. To clarify the relative importance of inflammation and tooth mobility in the treatment of advanced periodontal disease, periodontal response was evaluated after removing traumatic and/or inflammatory components. Elimination of trauma in the presence of existing marginal inflammation did not reduce tooth mobility or increase bone volume. Osseous regeneration and decreased tooth mobility occurred after resolving both components, however, similar findings occurred after resolving inflammation in the presence of continued tooth mobility. Resolution of marginal inflammation is of prime importance in the management of periodontal disease. After resolution of inflammation, bone regeneration may occur around mobile teeth and, furthermore, any residual tooth mobility does not result in increased loss of connective tissue attachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Histological determination of probe tip penetration into gingival sulcus of humans using an electronic pressure-sensitive probe.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine histologically the depth of probe tip penetration into the clinically healthy gingival sulcus of humans using a controlled inserton pressure of 25 g. The midfacial gingival units of 22 maxillary and mandibular incisor, canine and premolar teeth, displaying no visual signs of inflammation, were used for probing determinations. An electronic pressure-sensitive probe, with a terminal probe tip diameter of 0.35 mm, was used to standardize insertion pressures. After insertion of the probe into the sulcus, it was then aligned on the facial surface of the gingiva with the tip corresponding to the depth and location of probe insertion. A horizontal reference incision was made on the facial gingival surface which corresponded to the depth of the sulcus probed. This incision served as a histologic landmark of probe tip generation. Gingival biopsies were taken, and step-serial sections analyzed histologically and histometrically. Probe tip penetration was coronal to the apical end of the junctional epithelium in all cases (mean = 0.25 mm). In addition, probe tip penetration was always apical to the coronal end of the junctional epithelium (mean = 0.70 mm).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cell populations in the transseptal fiber region before, during and after experimental periodontitis in squirrel monkeys.

A study was designed to enumerate cell populations before, during and after experimentally induced periodontitis in squirrel monkeys. The clinically healthy gingival connective tissue adjacent to the sulcus contained populations of macrophages, plasma cells, lymphoid cells, and granulocytes, indicating that immune responses were probably in operation. Although these cell populations have been associated with tissue destruction, it is possible that they may serve to confine the antigens to the tissue adjacent to the sulcus, and reduce their spread apically. Active periodontitis was associated with the presence of granulocytes and macrophages in the transseptal fiber region. These cells are capable of causing the localized collagen degradation and bone resorption that occur during the destructive phase of the disease. Eight weeks after etiologic agents were removed, the cell populations in the transseptal fiber area returned to a level comparable with those in the pre-experimental, clinically healthy. This indicates that active periodontitis within the transseptal fiber region had ceased and repair had occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Osseous repair in infrabony periodontal defects.

The present investigation was undertaken to quantitate the osseous changes which occur throughout the entire circumferential extent of infrabony periodontal defects in patients with optimal plaque control. Fifteen defects were selected in nine patients. Periodontal surgery was scheduled after each patient had shown an ability to practice efficient plaque removal. Muco-periosteal flaps were raised and the osseous defects debrided. The dimensions of each defect were measured at several specific location points within the defect. The flaps were replaced at their original location and, post-operatively, optimal plaque control was maintained in the area (Mean Plaque Index 0.04). Six to 8 months after the initial surgery all areas were re-operated and the osseous defects were remeasured at the same specific location points. Each defect showed osseous regeneration at every location point. The mean initial osseous defect depth at a location point was 3.5 mm and the mean amount of bone regeneration which occurred was 2.5 mm. Crestal alveolar bone resorption occurred at almost half of the location points and averaged 0.7 mm. Eleven of the 15 defects had resolved completely. There were isolated areas where a shallow defect persisted in the remaining four defects. The behavior of an osseous defect throughout its circumferential extent was characterized by a combination of coronal bone regeneration (mean 77%) and marginal bone resorption (mean 18%). Infrabony periodontal defects may predictably remodel after surgical debridement and establishment of optimal plaque control.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Alveolar bone regeneration after removal of inflammatory and traumatic factors.

In this investigation periodontal destruction was produced by a combination of inflammatory and traumatic factors. After the inflammation was resolved and the trama stopped, a significant amount of alveolar bone regeneration took place. The implications of these findings for the management of advanced periodontal disease are discussed.

Alveolar Process↗