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Biomedical subjects

A M Menezes

Publications and source records attributed to A M Menezes.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Chronic bronchitis and the type of cigarette smoked.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a well known primary risk factor for chronic bronchitis. However, little is known about the relationship between different types of cigarettes smoked and chronic bronchitis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between chronic bronchitis and the type of cigarette smoked. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted in an urban area (Pelotas) of Southern Brazil. A total of 1053 subjects aged > or = 40 years were interviewed about respiratory symptoms and some risk factors for chronic bronchitis. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounding factors, the number of daily cigarettes smoked was strongly associated with the risk of chronic bronchitis (odds ratio [OR] = 8.10, 95% CI: 4.46-14.71 for smokers of > or = 20 cigarettes per day compared to non-smokers). Among smokers, maize leaf cigarettes showed the highest risk (OR = 5.43 compared to non-smokers, 95% CI: 2.65-11.13) and filter cigarettes the lowest (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.19-4.03). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the number of cigarettes smoked, the use of maize leaf cigarettes was shown to have an important independent association with chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in Pelotas, RS, Brazil: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic bronchitis causes high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is basically a preventable disease. However, few population based studies of chronic bronchitis have been carried out in less developed countries. METHODS: A population based cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and associated risk factors in an urban area (Pelotas) of southern Brazil. 1053 subjects aged 40 years and over (90.3% of eligible subjects) were interviewed using the ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the subjects interviewed 12.7% were classified as having chronic bronchitis. In univariate analyses a significant increase in the relative odds of chronic bronchitis was seen in men (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.13), low family income (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.47 for lowest quartile), low schooling (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 2.36 to 9.18 for those with no schooling), smoking habits (OR = 6.92, 95% CI 4.22 to 11.36 for smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day), high occupational exposure to dust (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.94), inadequate housing (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.58), high level of indoor air pollution (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.99), and reported childhood respiratory illnesses (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.49). Multiple logistic regression resulted in the identification of the following independent risk factors: family income (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.81 for subjects in the lowest quartile compared with those in the highest quartile), schooling (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 2.52 to 12.45 for subjects with no schooling compared with those with nine or more years), smoking (OR = 8.10, 95% CI 4.46 to 14.71 for smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day compared with non-smokers), and history of major respiratory illnesses in childhood (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.85). CONCLUSIONS: Low family income, poor schooling, smoking, and childhood respiratory illnesses were significantly associated with chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice.

Myrcene, a monoterpene isolated from lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) has been investigated for antinociception in mice by a low temperature (51.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) hot plate method and by the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Significant inhibition of nociception was seen in the tests with myrcene at doses of 10 and 20 mg kg-1 (i.p.) or at 20 and 40 mg kg-1 (s.c.), respectively. The antinociceptive effect was significantly antagonized by naloxone (1 mg kg-1) or yohimbine (2 mg kg-1). The results suggest that myrcene is capable of inducing antinociception in mice, probably mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulated release of endogenous opioids.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed1988

Effect of Astronium urundeuva (aroeira) on gastrointestinal transit in mice.

In order to assess the use of Astronium urundeuva in folk medicine for treatment of diarrheal conditions, the alcoholic extract of its bark was tested on gastrointestinal transit in mice. The extract at oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited physostigmine-induced gastrointestinal propulsion. Considering these data together with an in-vitro anti-acetylcholine effect reported earlier from this laboratory, we suggest that anti-cholinergic effects of the plant may account in part for its anti-diarrheal activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of calcium-entry blockers on the diuretic response to hydrochlorothiazide in the rat.

The influence of the calcium-entry blockers, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on hydrochlorothiazide-induced diuresis was determined in hydrated conscious rats. Nifedipine significantly inhibited hydrochlorothiazide-induced 5-h excreted urine volume and urinary sodium with little effect on potassium excretion. Both verapamil and diltiazem significantly enhanced urinary sodium excretion with no effect on either urine volume or potassium excretion. These results are of interest in view of the current use of nifedipine as an anti-hypertensive agent, alone or in combination with a thiazide diuretic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteocalcin].

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Biomarkers↗