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Biomedical subjects

A M Horton

Publications and source records attributed to A M Horton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Prediction of brain damage severity: demographic corrections.

This study investigated the value of using age and education corrections to the Alternative Impairment Index (AII), to predict the severity of brain damage on the General Neuropsychological Deficit Score (GNDS) and the Halstead Impairment Index (HII). A sample of 40 normal, psychiatric and brain-damaged subjects who had been administered the HRNTB was obtained and the AII, GNDS and HII were calculated for each subject. Hit rates for agreement on level of severity, after correction for age and education effects, for the GNDS and AII were 52.5% and for the AII and HII were 47.5%. Examination of the data suggested that AII, after correction for age and education effects, reflects severity of brain damage at a chance level on both the HII and on the GNDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Recognition and management of catheter-induced pulmonary artery rupture.

BACKGROUND: Catheter-induced pulmonary artery rupture is a well-recognized complication of invasive monitoring, but the risk has not diminished. Although commonly associated with cardiopulmonary bypass, injuries also occur in intensive care. Definitive proof requires pulmonary angiography or autopsy. Many cases are never reported, and lesser injuries are probably under-diagnosed. METHODS: Seven cases fulfilling accepted diagnostic criteria discovered over 2 years are described in four groups illustrating the common modes of presentation: hemoptysis with hypoxemia, exsanguination, delayed recurrent hemorrhage, and bleeding with cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: One patient had a planned elective operation deferred. Four patients were being monitored in intensive care. Two of them died of pulmonary artery rupture. Two other patients had bleeding on weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. One settled with conservative treatment, the other survived after extracorporeal life support. Recognition and management are discussed, emphasizing means of avoiding pulmonary resection. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter-induced pulmonary artery rupture is unavoidable. Constant awareness is essential. A plan of management is presented. Extracorporeal life support may help to avoid pulmonary resection. Early pulmonary angiography is advocated for accurate diagnosis and to enable treatment by embolization.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Behavior modification with brain-injured children: a brief note on directions for research.

Research on behavior modification needed with brain-injured children is briefly noted. Previous studies indicate that the procedures of behavior modification work well with selected brain-injured children. The designs of most studies, however, have used small Ns or a single subject to evaluate interventions with brain-injured children. Some suggestions for research needed with this population are provided.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1995

Alternative Impairment Index: a measure of neuropsychological deficit.

The Alternative Impairment Index, a new composite measure of neuropsychological deficit, was compared with two established measures of neuropsychological impairment, the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale and the Halstead Impairment Index. A sample of 25 brain-damaged patients with complete Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test scores was composed. Test scores on these measures were calculated for each patient. Severity criteria were set for normal, mild, moderate, and severe brain damage. Hit rates for agreement on severity for the Alternative Impairment Index and Halstead Impairment Index were 60%, i.e., 15/25, and for the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale and Alternative Impairment Index were 64%, i.e., 16/25.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Children's version of the Alternative Impairment Index: a pilot study.

The Alternative Impairment Index, a measure composed of scores derived from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, was proposed as a new measure of neuropsychological impairment in adults. This pilot study investigated the feasibility of a Children's Version of the Alternative Impairment Index. Test records for 16 normal and brain-damaged children, between the ages of 9 and 14 years, who had been administered the complete Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for Older Children, were obtained and the Children's Version of the Alternative Impairment Index and the Children's Total Neuropsychological Deficit Score were compared for agreement on severity. Agreement, i.e., 56% or 9/16 correct agreement, was weak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cross-validation of the alternative impairment index.

The Alternative Impairment Index, a new composite measure of neuropsychological deficit, was cross-validated by comparison with an established measure of neuropsychological impairment, the Halstead Impairment Index. An initial study gave agreement of 60% (15/25) between the Halstead Impairment Index and the Alternative Impairment Index. Analysis of a cross-validation sample of 50 brain-damaged patients with complete Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test scores yielded agreement of 66% (33/50) on severity for the Alternative Impairment Index and Halstead Impairment Index.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale and Halstead Impairment Index: comparison of severity.

To examine how the severity of brain damage is evaluated by a summary neuropsychological measure, the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale, 25 brain-damaged patients completed the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. From the test scores, both the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale and the Halstead Impairment Index were calculated for each patient. Hit rates for agreement on severity were 60%, i.e., 15/25. Examination of the data suggested the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale better reflects severity of brain damage at greater severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Identification of neuropsychological deficit: levels of assessment.

A problem frequently confronting the clinical neuropsychologist is that of adjusting assessment methods to the clinical question asked and available resources of time and technical expertise. Suggestions are made for selecting clinical instruments for neuropsychological assessment at three levels, namely, screening, classification, and selection of treatment. Brief neuropsychological test batteries are proposed for each level.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1993

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation life support: a new approach.

The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is considered in children who (1) have an acute life-threatening heart or lung disease, (2) are normal before the illness and are likely to be normal if they survive, and (3) have an 80% chance of death. Our use of a constrained vortex pump (CVP) offers a number of potential advantages compared to a roller pump. The circuit is designed to provide the capability of changing over to a new circuit while maintaining full support and is primed to match the biochemistry of the patient as closely as possible. Since May 1989 at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, we have provided ECLS to 30 neonates (20 of whom survived) and 22 children (eight of whom survived). ECLS is a useful technique for supporting patients who are unable to be adequately ventilated or oxygenated or who have an inadequate cardiac output.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1993

Posttraumatic stress disorder and mild head trauma: follow-up of a case study.

A current conceptual conundrum is the question of whether it is possible to have a co-occurrence of both Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and head trauma. The current report describes the results of behavior therapy and a series of neuropsychological tests for a man who suffered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and neuropsychological deficits after an automobile accident. A series of neuropsychological test batteries documented considerable improvement. The patient was also treated for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with behavior therapy so symptoms abated much earlier than the neuropsychological deficits.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Attention deficits disorder and drug abuse.

Recent research studies have attempted to explore various aspects of attention deficit disorder and substance abuser subtypes. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of drug abuse on MMPI scale score profiles of alcoholics with or without attention deficit disorder symptoms. For the alcoholic group with ADDRT versus the alcoholic group with ADDRT and drug abuse there were no significant differences between the groups. The hypothesis that the factor of drug abuse would account for MMPI score differences between alcoholics with or without ADDRT failed to be supported. Regardless of whether or not the subject groups contained drug abusers or not, the ADDRT-diagnosed groups demonstrated clinically significant levels of psychopathology on the MMPI profiles. These results would suggest that the variable of ADDRT diagnosis is probably an important factor to consider in substance abuser populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Neuropsychological and emotional sequelae of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.

In recent years there has been an increasing number of cases presenting with a newly recognized multiple systemic disorder, Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS), in the United States. This report documents demographic data and scores from intelligence, memory, neuropsychological, and achievement testing from eight patients, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) profiles obtained by nine patients, all of whom were referred to a doctoral level neuropsychologist in private practice. Intelligence scores revealed a Full Scale Mean IQ of 90.6, with a Verbal IQ Mean of 92.3, and a Performance IQ Mean of 90.9 for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised. For the Wechsler Memory Scale, the patients earned a mean Memory Quotient of 80.5. On the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, the patients earned a mean Impairment Index of .82, and Achievement Test scores on the Wide Range Achievement Test--Revised ranged from a grade level of 4th grade to a grade level of above 12th grade for reading, and from a grade level of 5th grade to a grade level of above 12th grade for arithmetic. Both the modal and mean MMPI-2 profiles had 2-3/3-2 two point codes suggesting feelings of depression, tension, nervousness, fatigue, helplessness, somatic complaints and overcontrol. In all, the neuropsychological, intellectual, memory and achievement test scores suggested a pattern of moderate to severe impairment and the MMPI-2 test scores suggested a pattern of moderate emotional disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Brain-Age quotient: age and education correlates.

The Brain-Age Quotient (BAQ) of Reitan has been proposed as a means of studying age-related cognitive differences. This study examined age and education correlates of the BAQ and a BAQ short form. A heterogeneous group of 100 subjects were selected from the neuropsychological testing case records published by Golden, Osmon, Moses, and Berg in 1981, Boll (undated), and Reitan (undated). Results suggest the BAQ and the BAQ short form are not significantly correlated with age and education.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1992

Neuropsychological practice effects x age: a brief note.

This is a brief review of some literature on practice effects and age on neuropsychological testing. Research suggests that younger subjects show greater improvement when retested on intelligence tests than older persons. The implication is that the effects of neuropsychological practice may vary with the age of the person assessed. Suggestions for further research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Demographic and intellectual correlates of the Short-term Memory Test.

This study examined the effect of demographic variables and intellectual factors on the Short-term Memory Test. Subjects were 20 patients neurologically diagnosed as brain-damaged. There was only one significant correlation between Verbal IQ and the Short-term Memory Test. Demographic variables of age, education, and sex did not correlate significantly with scores of the Short-term Memory Test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Attention deficit disorder, alcoholism, and drug abuse: MMPI correlates.

Earlier research had demonstrated that alcoholics with attention deficit disorder residual type (ADDRT) differ from other alcoholics on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of drug abuse on the relationship of ADDRT and alcoholism as reflected on the MMPI. Groups of 48 male alcoholics, 28 ADDRT alcoholics, 25 ADDRT alcohol and drug abusers and 18 alcohol and drug abusers were all administered the MMPI. Significant differences were found between the alcoholic and ADDRT alcoholic groups on scales Pd, Sc, Si, F, and K. For the ADDRT alcohol and drug abusers versus the alcohol and drug abuser groups, they differed on scales K, Hs, D, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Si, F, K, and L.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

Computerized interpretation of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: a pilot study.

Programs for the computer analysis and interpretation of neuropsychological test data have been developed in recent years. In this paper, a new computer program, with initial validation data, is presented. Diagnostic hit rate for brain damage was 80% (52 of 65). For the extent of brain damage the hit rate was 60% (12 of 20). When laterality was considered, the hit rate was 71% (10 of 14). These results are comparable with computer programs for data from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Test Battery.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗