Subabusive violence in child rearing in middle-class American families.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A M Graziano.
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Physically maltreated children display a range of serious psychological problems. Despite the availability of effective treatment of similar problems in other populations of children, direct psychological treatment of abused children has rarely been reported. It is argued that such direct treatment, while constituting only a "partial solution" to the problem of child abuse, needs to be addressed through research and application.
This article examines the parent behavioral training (PBT) paradigm as an important development in child treatment that emerged some two decades ago. Several points of evaluation in the paradigm are identified, and the recent literature has been reviewed to determine how well the paradigm has been empirically validated. Overall, PBT has been well validated as a model for bringing about therapeutic improvement in children and parents under certain conditions. The conditions are identified, as are needed areas of research.
Checklists of children's nighttime fears and nighttime coping responses, completed by 178 8- to 13-year-old children and one of their parents, were factor analyzed. The resulting factors from each checklist were comparable for children and parents. The nighttime fear categories consisted of content around security either for one's personal life, loss, or safety or for others' safety and continued presence; imaginal-numinous concerns; and characteristics inherent in a nighttime situation. The coping categories consisted of responses related to internal self-control, social support, support from inanimate objects, prayer, and avoidance or escape either by controlling the inanimate environment or by controlling others.
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