Biomedical subjects

A M Ferris

Publications and source records attributed to A M Ferris.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

Lipids in human milk: a review. 1: Sampling, determination, and content.

A protocol for selection of donors of milk samples is presented. Various methods for the sampling of milk are critically reviewed and a tested procedure is described. The measurement of milk volume is reviewed. Analyses for milk lipids are presented and discussed. Results of the analyses relative to various factors affecting fat content are given. Depending upon the type of study, sampling of milk by the Egnell or similar pump is recommended. For field studies, the creamatocrit procedure for estimation of fat content is acceptable if calibrated. Satisfactory research methods are the Roese-Gottlieb, modified Folch, and dry column extractions followed by gravimetry.

Dietary Fats↗

PubMed1983

Bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk from 2 to 16 weeks postpartum.

Our objectives were to determine the change in bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity in mature milk with time postpartum and to determine if BSSL activity was related to total lipid in the milk. Milk samples were collected from 12 mothers at 2, 6, 12 and 16 weeks postpartum. A significant (P less than .05) decrease in BSSL activity with time was observed. The average values expressed as mumol free fatty acids released/min/ml milk were 5.3, 4.5, 4.1 and 3.6 at 2, 6, 12 and 16 weeks postpartum. Total lipid in the milk increased significantly (P less than .05) from 4.1 g/dl at 2 weeks to 5.4 g/dl at 16 weeks postpartum but was not significantly correlated with BSSL activity.

Bile Acids and Salts↗

PubMed1982

Changes in the lipids of human milk from 2 to 16 weeks postpartum.

Changes in total lipid, fatty acids, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and lipid phosphorus in mature milk with time were investigated. Milk samples were collected from 10 mothers at 2, 6, 12, and 16 weeks postpartum. During 1 day, each mother donated two complete breast expressions. Expressions were taken using an electric breast pump 1 h after the previous a.m. and p.m. nursing. For each mother, the a.m. and p.m. samples were pooled for analysis. It was observed that the amount of total lipid increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 3.9 g/100 ml at 2 weeks to 5.2 g/100 at 16 weeks postpartum. The total fatty acid composition remained uniform during the investigation. Average total cholesterol and free cholesterol in the milk were 10.3 mg/100 ml and 8.3 mg/100 ml, respectively. These concentrations did not change significantly with time postpartum. Average lipid phosphorus was 3.9 mg/100 ml and also remained constant throughout. We conclude that the fatty acid pattern, lipid phosphorus, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol of mature milk to 16 weeks postpartum remains relatively constant while total lipid concentration increases.

Cholesterol↗

PubMed1981

Enhancement of ketosis by 16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 during the genesis of diabetic ketoacidosis in rats.

We examined the effects of 16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) on the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in rats. Animals received DMPGE2, 200 or 300 microgram/kg body weight subcutaneously in 0.5 ml saline, or the saline carrier alone at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours after administration of streptozotocin. At 40 hours, blood was obtained for measurement of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) and ketone bodies. DMPGE2 produced a dose-related decrease in plasma FFA levels at 40 hours. FFA levels were 2.76 +/- 0.39 meg/L (mean +/- SEM) with saline, 1.72 +/- 0.22 meg/L with 200 microgram/kg DMPGE2 (p less than 0.05 vs saline) and 1.19 +/- 0.17 meg/L with 300 microgram/kg DMPGE2 (p less than 0.025 vs saline) consistent with the previously demonstrated antilipolytic effect of DMPGE2 in vivo and in vitro. Despite suppression of lipolysis, DMPGE2 enhanced the development of ketosis during the genesis of DKA. The beta-hydroxybutyrate level was 5.89 +/- 0.06 mM with saline, 8.15 +/- 1.02 mM with 200 microgram/kg DMPGE2 and 11.17 +/- 0.60 mM with 300 microgram/kg DMPGE2 (p less than 0.001 vs saline). This study demonstrates that this analog of prostaglandin E2 promotes the development of ketosis during the genesis of DKA despite decreased substrate availability. This may be due to enhancement of hepatic ketogenesis, impairment of ketone disposal, or both.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Composition of the lipids in human milk: a review.

Recent publications on the composition of human milk are reviewed. The importance of proper sampling is discussed. Fat contents of 2.6-4.5% and cholesterol amounts of 200-650 mg/100 g fat were reported. The phytosterols in milk were increased by the consumption of these sterols. Phytosterols could contribute to the "total cholesterol" in milk if analyses are done colorimetrically. The fatty acid composition is remarkably uniform unless bizarre diets are consumed; the amounts of linoleic acid vary the most. Phospholipids contained more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than triacylglycerols.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha and gamma tocopherols in pooled mature human milk after storage.

The alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in pooled stored human milk were determined. Storage times and temperatures were t = 0 (up to 2 h after start of pool collection); t = 8 h (25 degrees, 4 degrees C); t = 24 h (25 degrees, 4 degrees, -11 degrees C); and t = 72 h, 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks (-11 degrees, -20 degrees, -70 degrees C). Lipids were extracted with a modified Folch procedure and tocopherols were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. There were no significant differences in alpha- or gamma-tocopherol at any time or temperature. Therefore, mothers, milk bank operators, and researchers can be assured of the stability of tocopherol in human milk stored under the conditions of this study.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗