Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A M Elliott

Publications and source records attributed to A M Elliott.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

In vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) against resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus spp.

The in vitro activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) and nine other antibiotics were tested against 129 clinical isolates, including 71 of enterococci, 34 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 17 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 7 of Serratia marcescens. These isolates exhibited a variety of resistant patterns: 97% of the enterococci were resistant to moxalactam; 71 and 81% of the S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to methicillin and penicillin, respectively; 47, 53, and 53% of the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam, respectively; and all S. marcescens isolates were resistant to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. With respect to concentrations required to inhibit growth of 90% of the isolates, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was more active than any compound tested. Determination of the concentration required to inhibit growth of 50% of the isolates showed N-formimidoyl thienamycin to be more active than any other agent against S. epidermidis, S. marcescens, and enterococci, but against Pseudomonas isolates it was less active than amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. This preparation is potentially useful for patients with serious infection caused by resistant bacteria; enterococcal and S. epidermidis endocarditis infections may be special situations which merit clinical trials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Clinical evaluation of moxalactam.

We investigated the clinical efficacy of moxalactam for treatment of a variety of infectious disorders in 50 patients (38 males and 12 females). Patient ages ranged from 8 days to 98 years, with a median of 66 years. Infectious disorders were confirmed by isolation of etiological bacteria in all patients. Thirty-eight patients had gram-negative bacillary disease, nine had pneumococcal infection, and three had disorders caused by staphylococci or streptococci. Twenty-three patients had pneumonia, 17 had bacteremic diseases other than pneumonia, and 10 had miscellaneous infectious diseases. The overall efficacy of moxalactam was excellent. Forty-eight patients were cured by clinical criteria, and 45 were cured by bacteriological criteria. A total of 19 adverse reactions were associated with the use of moxalactam in 18 patients, but none were severe and only one necessitated discontinuation of treatment. Moxalactam promises to be an important addition to our therapeutic armamentarium, especially for therapy of gram-negative bacillary infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Fate of surgical registrars in the South-Western Region.

The fate of registrars in general surgery in the South-Western Region has been surveyed. Once a man has taken a registrarship in general surgery he is largely committed to surgery as a career. Consequently, if he fails to obtain promotion in the Health Service he emigrates, and as a result about 37% of British graduates who become surgical registrars eventually settle abroad.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1968

A golgi apparatus associated with mating in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

The classical Golgi apparatus has not been observed in the several strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis examined in this laboratory at the ultrastructural level when the ciliates are grown vegetatively. However, sexually active strains, when starved for the purpose of inducing conjugation, contain stacked saccules in the oral region. When such opposite mating types are mixed for mating, the stacked saccules become swollen at their ends and vesicles appear to pinch off from them. These bodies possess the configuration of the classical Golgi apparatus of other eucells. Vesicles seem to be formed from the saccules just prior to, and toward the end of conjugation, suggesting a relationship with the mating process.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculin sensitivity and HIV-1 status of patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Lusaka, Zambia: a cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (TB) in a group of Zambians at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and to examine the effect of HIV-1 infection on the tuberculin response was conducted in the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia during July to September 1990. Patients were selected from those presenting to the out-patient clinic for first referral with either sexually transmitted or skin disease. 268 adults were included in the study; 158 (59%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 53-65%) were HIV-1 antibody positive. Of 82 HIV-1 negative participants who returned for Mantoux skin test reading, 51 (62%; 95% CI = 57-67%) had a positive test reaction (diameter > or = 10 mm) after receiving 2 units of RT-23 tuberculin. Of 106 HIV-1 positive participants who returned, only 32 (30%; 95% CI = 26-34%) had a diameter > or = 10 mm. Nine (28%) of the HIV-1 positive and Mantoux positive participants had large reactions > or = 30 mm, compared to 4 (8%) of the HIV-1 negative, Mantoux positive participants (P = 0.03). Results in the HIV-1 negative group indicated a prevalence of latent TB of 62% in this population. HIV-1 infection was associated with a much higher frequency of negative response to tuberculin and with a few large skin test responses. Thus, in populations where HIV seropositivity is high, Mantoux skin tests cannot be used to assess those with latent TB who might benefit from chemoprophylaxis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of human immunodeficiency virus on mortality of patients treated for tuberculosis in a cohort study in Zambia.

We have examined the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on mortality of patients treated for tuberculosis in a prospective study in Lusaka, Zambia. Patients with sputum smear-positive, miliary, or meningeal tuberculosis were prescribed 2 months' daily streptomycin, thiacetazone, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide followed by 6 months thiacetazone and isoniazid; others, 2 months streptomycin, thiacetazone and isoniazid followed by 10 months thiacetazone and isoniazid. 239 patients (65 HIV-negative and 174 HIV-positive) were followed to 2 years from start of treatment. The crude mortality rate ratio for HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative patients over 2 years was 5.00 (95% confidence interval 2.30-10.86). Median survival for HIV-positive patients from the start of treatment was 22 months. At least 34% of HIV-positive patients for whom cause of death was known died from tuberculosis, three-quarters of these during the first month of treatment. Risk factors for death in HIV-positive patients included multi-site tuberculosis, history of prolonged diarrhoea or fever, oral thrush, splenomegaly, anergy to tuberculin, low weight, anaemia or lymphopenia, and poor compliance with regimens containing rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Tuberculosis, even treated, was a major cause of death in patients with HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of prednisolone in the treatment of HIV-positive tuberculosis patients.

Corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of some forms of tuberculosis, but their role in TB affecting HIV-positive patients is not clear. During a cohort study of tuberculosis patients in Lusaka, Zambia, prednisolone was prescribed for specific indications. Six of 47 (13 per cent) of patients who received prednisolone early in treatment developed herpes zoster, compared with 2 of 118 (2 per cent) of those who did not. Three patients who received prednisolone developed Kaposi's sarcoma, compared with none who did not. At 2 months patients who had received prednisolone showed a greater improvement in generalized lymphadenopathy and cough. Controlled studies of the risks and benefits of administration of corticosteroids to HIV-positive TB patients are urgently needed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗