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Biomedical subjects

A M Borges

Publications and source records attributed to A M Borges.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Bilateral synchronous tumors in testes in unrecognized mixed gonadal dysgenesis: a case report and review of literature.

A case of germ cell tumor occurring simultaneously in the descended and undescended testes of an infertile phenotypic man is reported. Cytogenetic studies revealed a 46XY pattern. Exploration of the abdomen showed a left testicular mass in close proximity to a rudimentary uterus, a fallopian tube and a right testicular mass in the scrotum. Complete excision of both testicular masses and the uterus with the adnexa was done. Histologically, both tumors were seminoma. The patient was well 2 years after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fibro osseous lesions of cranio facial bones.

In a review of all tumours and tumour like lesions of the craniofacial bones between the years 1963 and 1980, 19 cases were diagnosed as fibro osseous lesions. The mean age of occurrence was 23.8 years with a slight male predominance (1.6:1). The clinical and histological aspects of the various lesions, the problems in diagnosis and the impact of diagnosis on clinical behaviour are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Primary melanoma of the ovary in a 25 year old primigravida--a case report.

A 25 year old primigravida with edema of the left foot and fetal distress during 36 weeks gestational period underwent an emergency lower segment cesarian section (LSCS). During surgery ascites and a left ovarian tumor with omental seedlings were observed. Cytopathology of the ascitic fluid, histopathology of the ovarian tumor and the omental seedlings showed features of a malignant melanoma, further confirmed at electron microscopy. Considering the age of the patient and the intra-abdominal restriction of metastasis of the neoplasms this tumor appeared to be a primary melanoma of the ovary. This case is reported since there is no reference to a pure melanoma of the ovary occurring in a young primigravida in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Surgical pathology of squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity: its impact on management.

Squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity is relatively common in India. The anterior tongue and buccal mucosa are the two common sites. A retrospective analysis of various histological parameters in surgically treated patients with carcinoma of the anterior tongue (57 cases) and buccal mucosa (71 cases) was undertaken to evaluate their role in prognosis and management. The main findings of this study are the strong correlation between high tumour grade, infiltrative tumour margins, perineural invasion, and tumour size greater than 2 cm and lymph node metastasis at presentation, for both groups of patients. Tumor thickness greater than 5 mm was an additional variable associated with both overt and occult nodal metastases for anterior tongue lesions. All tumours thicker than 5 mm recurred in the untreated N0 neck. Clinically palpable nodes (N1) were falsely positive in 63% of patients with T4 buccal mucosa carcinoma. Grade I histology on biopsy can be used to predict which patients will have negative lymph nodes. Patients with pathologically proven nodal metastases have a poor prognosis. However, the mode of invasion and the presence of perineural invasion in the resected specimen determines the subsequent recurrence of histologically staged N0 cases, most of whom will relapse at the primary site. The low incidence of neck node metastases even in large, buccal mucosa tumours and the virtual absence of "skip" metastases to low nodal sites has made a supraomohyoid lymph node dissection after intraoperative staging a logical alternative to a conventional neck dissection for T3 and T4 buccal mucosa tumours. Finally, carcinoma of the oral cavity in India can be said to be at least two diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in early carcinoma of the oral tongue.

A prospective, randomized trial was carried out to assess the value of elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in early squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Disease-free survival (median follow-up 20 months) was 52 percent versus 63 percent in patients who underwent hemiglossectomy alone and those who underwent hemiglossectomy and radical neck dissection, respectively (difference not statistically significant). Patients with a tumor depth of less than 4 mm did significantly better than those with a tumor depth of greater than 4 mm; they were also more likely to have uninvolved nodes at elective radical neck dissection compared with those with a tumor depth of greater than 4 mm. However, when the survival rates of patients in the two treatment groups were compared with respect to a tumor depth of 4 mm, there was no significant difference between the hemiglossectomy and the hemiglossectomy and radical neck dissection groups. A policy of interval elective radical neck dissection only in those with a tumor depth of greater than 4 mm may optimize cure rates and avoid neck dissection in those unlikely to develop neck recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Altered keratin expression in buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma.

Cytokeratin pattern was analyzed in 14 moderately differentiated and 12 well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of buccal mucosa by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and two dimensional electrophoresis. These were compared with patterns of normal buccal mucosa and surrounding areas whenever possible. Normal buccal mucosa expresses keratin No. 4 (59Kd), 5 (58Kd), 13 (54Kd) and 14 (50Kd). Keratin No. 4 (59Kd) and 14 (50Kd) were expressed by 20 of 26 tumors studied, while many of the tumors did not express keratins No. 5 (58Kd) and 13 (54Kd). Keratin No. 1 (67Kd) and 16 (48Kd) were aberrantly expressed by 9 well-differentiated tumors. Keratin No. 17 (46Kd) and 18 (45Kd) were expressed by 10 and 8 tumors of 14 moderately differentiated tumors. Six tumors which showed involvement of alveolar mucosa, expressed some keratins expressed by its normal counterpart. Their altered expression was consistent with the differentiation pattern as stated earlier. Non-expression of keratins 5 and 13 seems to be the result of malignant transformation and is seen in the majority of tumors, while appearance of aberrant keratins seems to be related more to the degree of differentiation of the tumor.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Influence of short-term topical exposure to phorbol ester tumor promoters on subcutaneously induced skin tumorigenesis in S/RVCri mice.

The effects of short-term exposure to phorbol ester tumor promoters on epithelial and mesenchymal skin tumor induction, studied histologically in female S/RVCri mice, rendered precancerous by a subcutaneous (sc) injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). At 6 weeks after MCA injection, mice in Groups I to VI received topical twice weekly applications of 0.1 ml acetone, 1.8 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol didecanoate (PDD), phorbol dibenzoate (PDB), phorbol diacetate (PDA) or 6.1 nmol mezerein (MEZ) in 0.1 ml acetone, respectively, for four weeks. Animals were sacrificed after the development of palpable tumors. Data from various phorbol ester treatment groups were compared with the acetone control. Of the promoters tested, TPA treatment increased the percentage of tumor bearers and the number of combinations and expression of diverse neoplasms in the mixed growths. TPA-related phorbol esters such as PDD, PDB or MEZ did not alter the percentage of tumor bearers although the histological distribution into pure epithelial or mesenchymal and mixed tumor bearers differed significantly from the control treated with the solvent alone. However, PDA significantly inhibited MCA-induced skin tumorigenesis and increased the average time of tumor induction. All the promoters, except TPA, decreased the percentage of mixed tumor bearers, the development of hibernoma and fibrosarcoma, while allowing a selective expression of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of Askin Rosai tumor--need for a more aggressive approach.

Fifteen cases of histologically proven Askin Rosai tumor were treated at Tata Memorial Hospital over a period of 3 years. Patients included 12 men and three women. Clinical features included chest wall mass (14), pain (11), bony involvement (6), fever (4), dyspnoea (4), weight loss (1), cough (1), and hemoptysis (1). Previously treated patients received different treatment protocols, which made evaluation difficult. Of our ten patients who have completed induction therapy, five received vincristine and cyclophosphamide, whereas the other five received more aggressive chemotherapy. Complete remission has been achieved in two and four of these patients, respectively. One patient in each group had recurrence of the disease, in both cases at the local site. Thus, from our preliminary data, we suggest that Askin Rosai tumor should be treated with complete surgical excision followed by an aggressive combination of chemotherapy and local radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Differential effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on 3-methylcholanthrene-induced epithelial and mesenchymal skin tumorigenesis.

The effects of TPA, PDD, PDB, PDA, or MEZ on epithelial and mesenchymal skin tumors induced by a s.c. injection of MCA were studied histologically. Group-I mice received only MCA. At 6 weeks after MCA injection, mice in groups II to VII received acetone, 1.8 nmol TPA, PDD, PDB, PDA, or 6.1 nmol MEZ respectively in 0.1 ml acetone twice weekly until tumor development. Alterations in skin tumor induction patterns were also studied in animals that had been exposed to TPA or acetone for 10 weeks prior to s.c. injection of MCA. Exposure of mouse skin to TPA before or after carcinogen administration increased 2- to 3.5-fold, the incidence of carcinoma and mixed tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal histogenesis. The average time of tumor induction decreased in mice treated with MCA + TPA and 100% of the test animals in the TPA + MCA group developed tumors. In contrast, TPA-related phorbol esters inhibited skin tumor development, particularly trichoepithelioma and fibrosarcoma and increased the average time of tumor induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Head and neck extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Indian patients.

Though radiotherapy has traditionally been the treatment of the choice for the patients with localised extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck areas, its adequacy as the sole modality of treatment has come to be questioned. The disease is shown to relapse in other distant extranodal sites especially the gastrointestinal tract. The addition of systemic chemotherapy has been suggested. Fifty-five patients with localised head and neck extranodal lymphomas were treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital during the period 1976-1982, 35 with radiation therapy alone and 20 with combination therapy. The total survival at 5 years was 65% for patients treated with radiation alone and 85% for those treated with combination therapy. The 5 year disease-free survival dropped to 45% for the former group but was 74% for the latter group. This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). We infer that localised extranodal lymphomas be regarded as a systemic disease and be treated by a multimodal approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Twenty cases seen at an oncology center.

A retrospective study of 20 cases of biopsy-proven solitary rectal ulcer syndrome seen at a large oncology hospital which highlight the clinicopathologic features is presented. Thirty five percent of patients were in their sixth decade and there was a male preponderance of 2.3:1. All patients presented with anorectal symptoms. Eighty five percent had normal abdominal findings and seventy five percent had positive findings on rectal examinations. Fifty four percent had a diagnosis of carcinoma of the rectum on barium enema studies. On sigmoidoscopy, a solitary ulcer was found in 80 percent; 50 percent had lesions between 6 and 10 cm from the anal verge, and 40 percent had the lesion on the anterior rectal wall. All patients were treated conservatively and 35 percent were disease free at the end of five years, while 30 percent had persisting symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bursa formation an synovial chondrometaplasia associated with osteochondromas.

Two adult patients who had synovial chondromatosis occurring within bursae formed around osteochondromas are described. In spite of marked cellular atypia of the cartilage cells, the clinical course was unremarkable, pointing out the discrepancy between histologic changes and subsequent behavior in this condition. Histologic features, in addition, are not always helpful in distinguishing primary from secondary chondrometaplasia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors and prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV) in children from day-care centers, in Goiania, Brazil.

A seroepidemiologic survey about hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was carried out in a group comprising 310 children, ranging in age from 3 months to 9 years, from day-care centers, in Goiania, a middle sized city in the central region of Brazil. The biomarkers employed in the investigation of previous infection include total IgG and IgM anti-HAV antibodies, and for the detection of more recent infection, IgM anti-HAV antibodies were analyzed. The study was performed in 1991 and 1992. According to the results, 69.7% of the children presented total IgG/IgM anti-HAV antibodies, with 60% of the group in the age range of 1 to 3 years. Among 10 day-care centers analyzed, the prevalence of the biomarker IgM anti-HAV was 3.2%, with an uniform distribution of the cases in the group of children ranging in age from 1 to 4 years. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the sociodemographic factors that could influence the results. It was verified that the risk for the infection increased with the length of the attendance in the day-care centers, i.e., the risk for children with attendance of one year or more was 4.7 times higher, when compared with children with one month attendance (CI 95% 2.3-9.9). According to the results, hepatitis A is an endemic infection in day-care centers in the study area. The length of attendance in the day-care settings was demonstrated to be a risk factor for the HAV infection. Such findings suggest that if hepatitis A vaccination becomes available as a routine policy in our region, the target group should be children under one year. Moreover, those children should receive the vaccine before they start to attend the day-care centers.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in street children of Goiânia-Goiás].

A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the age-prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) among street youth from Goiania city--Central Brazil, and to determine if any risk factors could be identified. The surveys were conducted between 1991/1992. The street youth were 397 individuals aged 7 to 21 years old living in institutions and teenagers working at streets. Then, 313 adolescents working at streets and with family links, and 84 institutionalized ones without family were screened for antibodies against HAV. Prevalences ranged from 80.0% to 92.2% to total anti-HAV and there was not a statistically significant trend of positivity with age in this group. Univariate analysis for risk factors associated with HAV infection was performed with no statistically significant difference for adolescents working at streets and living with parents, and street youth with family links. Economic variables were not statistically associated with seropositivity, probable due to homogeneous characteristics of the group. This study disclosed that street youth have a high rate of HAV infection. These findings do not suggest differences between subgroups of populations in acquiring immunity to HVA. The public health implication and the need of screening other subgroups of population of the same city were suggested in order to discuss vaccine strategy in underdeveloped countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chest wall metastases from unknown primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the bones are common but bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the presence of a normal liver are an uncommon entity. A 50-year-old male patient presented with a rapidly growing tumour on the sternum. Biopsy of the lesion showed metastatic sternal tumour from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiological evaluation however, failed to detect a primary lesion in the liver. Bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma localized to the chest wall in the presence of a normal liver are scarcely reported as anecdotal case reports in the literature.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus masquerading as solitary thyroid nodule.

Secondary neoplasm of the thyroid mimicking a primary thyroid lesion is a rare finding, especially in an individual without a past history of malignancy. A case of squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid (presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule), who had an unsuspected primary in the esophagus is described. Usually, multiple areas of the gland are involved in the secondary involvement of the thyroid. The clinical presentation of an apparently asymptomatic mass with neck lymphadenopathy, normal thyroid functions, and a cold nodule on 99mTcO4- thyroid scan can often lead to a misdiagnosis as primary thyroid neoplasm. The present case underscores the fact that due importance to the subtle signs and symptoms and a high degree of suspicion, whenever the histology is unusual for a thyroid primary, is needed and the workup should include ruling out other primary malignancies.

Biopsy, Needle↗