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Biomedical subjects

A M Adams

Publications and source records attributed to A M Adams.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Do young children rehearse? An individual-differences analysis.

The issue of whether young children rehearse in auditory memory tasks was investigated across a series of three studies comparing individual differences in articulation rates and memory spans. Applying the principles of the working-memory model, children with faster rates of speaking should have superior memory spans if they engage in rehearsal. Two of the experiments, with 4-year-old children, failed to establish any significant association between articulation rate and memory span, although both the memory span and articulation rate procedures were found to be highly reliable in this age group. A third experiment confirmed that, as expected, articulation rates and memory spans were significantly associated with one another in adult subjects. The results indicate that, contrary to recent theories of children's short-term-memory development, 4-year-old children do not engage in subvocal rehearsal during auditory memory span tasks.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1993

Cultural and morphological characteristics of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.

Primary cell lines from explants of human periodontal ligament were established in vitro to assess their suitability as test cells in a biocompatibility assay. They were maintained over nine passages. The constituent fibroblast-like cells (F-cells) were monitored throughout by light and electron microscopy. Although F-cells from several different donors displayed stable and consistent growth characteristics, after the ninth subculture changes in the fine structure suggested that some cells were undergoing differentiation or senescence. It is therefore recommended that cells from earlier passages be used in in vitro biocompatibility assays.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of amphotericin B on human periodontal ligament cells cultured in vitro.

Three micrograms of amphotericin B/ml nutrient medium markedly inhibited the monolayer outgrowth of cells from explants of human periodontal ligament. Amphotericin B (1.5 microgram/ml) retarded outgrowth with morphological evidence of cell injury. The addition of 3 micrograms/ml amphotericin B to existing monolayers initially caused disruption of the majority of cells but those which survived then proliferated. Thus, routine use of amphotericin B is contra-indicated in tissue culture of human periodontal ligament.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1985

Detection of macrophages and the characterization of Fc receptor-bearing cells in the mouse decidua, placenta and yolk sac using the macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody F4/80.

A mouse macrophage-specific rat monoclonal antibody, F4/80, has been used to detect directly macrophages in short term cultures of mouse decidua, fetal placenta and yolk sac and to investigate the identity of Fc receptor (FcR) bearing cells in these tissues. We find that a significant proportion of FcR positive cells in decidual, placental and yolk sac tissues are macrophages as defined by the expression of the macrophage marker, F4/80 antigen. Macrophages may act as immunocompetent cells near to the maternal-fetal interface and play a significant role in the mechanism of the transfer of passive immunity from mother to fetus across the mouse yolk sac.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Limitations in working memory: implications for language development.

In this study, the proposal that individual differences in spoken language acquisition may be due to limitations in short-term memory abilities was investigated within a working memory framework. The relationship speech production skills and working memory abilities was examined in two groups of 4-year-old children, matched for non-verbal ability but who had either relatively good or poor non-word repetition skills. Children with better non-word repetition skills produced speech that comprised a wider repertoire of words, on average longer utterances and a greater range of syntactic constructions than did children with relatively poor non-word repetition skills. The significant association found between these indices of language development and verbal short-term memory span assessed with non-spoken recall, suggested that this relationship was not merely due to the common output requirements of the language and memory tasks. Inconsistent associations between language performance and two tasks of visuo-spatial short-term memory precluded firm conclusions being drawn regarding the specificity of the relationship to the phonological domain. Cognitive mechanisms that may underlie the association between spoken language development and working memory skills are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗