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Biomedical subjects

A Lystad

Publications and source records attributed to A Lystad.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Norway 1975-91.

The epidemiology of meningococcal disease (MCd) in Norway is described on the basis of official notification figures for 1975-91. Morbidity is presented by serogroup of the isolated Neisseria meningitidis strain, time of onset of the disease in addition to the place of living, age and sex of the patient. A long-term group B epidemic with high incidence and case fatality rates in the age groups below 5 years and between 13 and 19-20 years is the main characteristics of the situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Prediction of the extent of heterosexual HIV infections in Norway in the 1990s].

Using a mathematical model, the extent of heterosexual HIV-infection in the years 1987-2000 is assessed on the basis of population-based data on sexual behaviour and data from the surveillance system for HIV-infections. The most probable prognosis give about 200 new cases of heterosexual HIV-infection per year at the end of the period, with a prevalence of HIV-infection of about 1,000 persons in the year 2000. According to the prognosis about 50 new cases of heterosexually acquired AIDS will occur per year in the late 1990s. The discrepancy between a high prognosis and a low prognosis is several hundred cases of HIV-infection per year. More precise prognoses will depend on routine collection of population-based data on risk behaviour and spread of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[The risk of exposure to hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus among employees at Norwegian hospitals].

During the period from 1986 to 1989 a study was carried out to determine the risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus among approximately 5,500 employees at Aker hospital, Ullevål hospital and "Sentralsykehuset" in Akershus. Four hundred and fourteen injuries were reported during the study period of approximately 16,800 man-years, corresponding to an injury rate of 2.4/100 man-years. The majority of injuries occurred during direct patient contact in the wards. Of the known sources 8.2% were HBsAg positive and 16.8% HIV-antibody positive. One attendant contracted hepatitis B during the observation period. No HIV-seroconversion has been observed as yet.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1990

[Rubella monitoring in Norway].

WHO's "Health for All by the Year 2000" gives as subsidiary objective number 5 "The elimination of measles, poliomyelitis, neonatal tetanus, congenital sequelae of rubella, diphtheria, congenital syphilis and malaria from the European region by the year 2000". This would be attained by a well organized primary care which guarantees effective epidemiological supervision, a vaccination programme with full support, instruction on the risks associated with syphilis, and screening and eventual treatment of pregnant women. It was earlier declared in Norway that congenital rubella should not occur after 1990. Vaccination is carried out; rubella has long been a notifiable disease, and the incidence thereof in females over the age of 15 years is registered in order to ascertain why and how women are nevertheless infected thereby.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of the effects of preoperative whole-body bathing with detergent alone and with detergent containing chlorhexidine gluconate on the frequency of wound infections after clean surgery. The European Working Party on Control of Hospital Infections.

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 27 surgical units in six European countries, the effect of preoperative whole-body bathing on two occasions with a detergent containing chlorhexidine (CHX+) on the incidence of wound infection in elective, clean surgery was compared with two bathings with a detergent without chlorhexidine (CHX-). In the CHX+ group 2.62% of 1413 patients and in the CHX- group 2.36% of 1400 patients subsequently became infected. The infection rate in the CHX+ group was 1.11 times that in the CHX- group with 95% confidence limits ranging between 0.69 and 1.82. Consequently, bathing patients twice preoperatively with chlorhexidine-detergent did not reduce the incidence of infection of clean wounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Bacteraemia in surgical patients with intravenous devices: a European multicentre incidence study. The European Working Party on Control of Hospital Infections.

A survey of the incidence of bacteraemia and the use of intravenous (IV) devices among 10,616 surgical patients was performed in 42 hospitals in eight countries. It was found that 63 per cent of the patients surveyed had an IV device inserted at some time during their hospital stay, with national variations between 40 and 99 per cent. The incidence of device-related thrombophlebitis was 10.3 per cent, with national variations between 7.8 and 28.4. Among the surgical patients not given IV therapy, 1.5/1000 had a bacteraemia, 0.5/1000 of them hospital-acquired. The corresponding figures for patients with a peripheral but no central IV device were 6.9 and 3.7, and for patients with a central venous catheter (CVC) 59.0 and 44.8, respectively. Even though there was a strong correlation between the incidence of bacteraemia and certain diagnoses there was also an independent correlation between it and CVCs or peripheral IV lines. No correlation was demonstrated between the number of catheter days per site for patients with a peripheral IV device, and hospital-acquired bacteraemia. This may be due to the low mean number of catheter days per site that was observed. There was a large and not easily explained national variation in the incidence of bacteraemia in patients with CVCs of between 16 and 108/1000.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1983

Meningococcal group B vaccine trial in Norway 1981--1982. Preliminary report of results available November 1982.

A combined serogroup B capsular polysaccharide and serotype 2a outer membrane complex meningococcal vaccine and a placebo preparation were tested double-blindly in 55 adult, male volunteers. The vaccine gave twofold increased binding antibodies, measured by ELISA, against non-capsular outer membrane antigen in 85 per cent of those vaccinated. Bactericidal antibodies towards a meningococcal serogroup C serotype 2a strain also increased fourfold or more among 85% vaccinated. New acquisition of meningococcal carriage was associated with antibody increase in one person from the placebo group.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Meningococcal disease in Norway 1980--83.

The development in the epidemiological patterns of meningococcal disease in Norway after 1979 is briefly described for the general and military population. With the high incidence levels which have lasted for about nine years, the situation may be described as Norway having experienced a shift in 1974 to a new endemic level. The predicted incidence for 1983 is higher than for any year since 1941.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

An epidemiological, clinical and microbiological follow-up study of incident meningococcal disease cases in Norway, winter 1981-1982. Material and epidemiology in the MenOPP project.

To investigate the relative importance of the many possible influencing factors and developmental traits of systemic meningococcal disease (MCd) in the practical Norwegian context, a comprehensive multipurpose case control study was carried out during the winter of 1981-1982 on incident cases in the whole country. The design of the study, the MenOPP project, is outlined. The main inclusion criteria for patients were suspected bacterial meningitis and/or septicemia on referral to hospital. This resulted in 115 verified or probable cases of MCd and 61 patient controls. Randomly drawn from three age strata, 320 population controls were actually approached and 293 (92%) of these responded to the "environmental questionnaire". So did most of the patients (98%). The clinical data mainly comprised information from the commencement of the disease to a sequelae check about six weeks after hospital admission. Laboratory data on strain and serum characteristics were, and still are, collected. The results are to be published in several papers. Here, some epidemiological characteristics of the material are given. Regional, seasonal, and age/sex differences in case fatality are reported and discussed.

Adolescent↗