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Biomedical subjects

A Lynch

Publications and source records attributed to A Lynch.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

In vivo D-glucose absorption in the developing rat small intestine.

Solutions containing D-glucose (1--20 mg/ml) were perfused in situ through the jejunum + ileum of anesthetized rats 7-8 and 14-15 (suckling), 21-23 (weanling), 35-36, and 70-73 days old. The amounts of glucose absorbed, expressed as percentage of load perfused (normalized for intestinal weight, milligrams per hour per gram wet weight), were greater in the weanling than in the suckling pups. Rate of glucose absorption increased with increase in glucose concentration in the perfused solutions and reached a plateau when concentration exceeded 3 mg/ml in the suckling and 10 mg/ml in the weanling rats. Based on intestinal weight, absorption rates (milligrams per hour per gram wet weight) from solutions containing 10 mg/ml glucose were 2 times greater in the 21-23 than in the 7-8-day-old pups (64 versus 30; P less than 0.01). Glucose absorption rates (milligrams per hour per gram wet weight of the perfused intestine) from the 20 mg/ml solution were similar in the 21-23 (64), 35-36 (60), and 70-73 (58)-day-old rats. The above results suggested that under the experimental conditions in rats the ability of the small intestine to absorp glucose per unit weight about doubles at the time of weaning as compared with the suckling period with no further enhancement thereafter.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Glucose regulation by isolated near term fetal monkey liver.

Near term fetal monkey livers were perfused with a closed recirculating system and a defined perfusion medium. Livers from normal fetal animals were able to release glucose rapidly into the perfusate when they were exposed to glucagon, cyclic AMP, or an aglycemic perfusate, but they did not remove glucose rapidly from the perfusate, synthesize glycogen, or activate liver glycogen synthetase in response to hyperglycemia (Figs. 1,2, and 3; Table 1). Insulin decreased glucose mobilization in response to aglycemia, but did not stimulate glucose uptake during hyperglycemia; insulin activated glycogen synthetase (Table 1; Figs. 1 and 3). Livers from fetuses of streptozotocin-treated mothers and livers from 2-week-old neonates released more glucose into the perfusate in response to aglycemia then did livers from normal fetal monkeys (Fig. 4). These observations support the possibility that neonatal monkey liver is capable of rapidly mobilizing glucose during periods of hypoglycemia but is unable to take up glucose and store glycogen rapidly during periods of hyperglycemia.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late onset Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein association in the Irish population: relative risk and attributable fraction.

BACKGROUND: Familial and sporadic late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) shows a consistent genetic association with APOE epsilon4. AIMS: To examine the role of APOE in the AD Irish population. METHODS: One hundred and ten Irish LOAD patients and 217 ethnically-matched controls were genotyped for APOE marker as described by Crook et al. Chi square test was used to compare allelic and genotypic frequencies between patients and controls samples. Attributable fractions were calculated as described by Levin. RESULTS: A highly significant association between AD and APOE epsilon4 was observed (chi2=37.9, p=0.0000000, RR=2.18). Further, the influence of APOEepsilon4 seems to follow a dose-dependent manner whereby individuals with the genotype APOEepsilon4/4 have a higher relative risk than those heterozygous for the epsilon4 allele (RR=4.03 and 1.76 respectively). The relative risk and the attributable fraction calculated for APOE epsilon4 are consistent with those reported for other European populations. This places the influence of this locus on AD development in the Irish population between those of the Spanish and New York white populations. CONCLUSION: These findings provide further evidence for the importance of APOE in the development of AD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients with diagnosed diabetes mellitus can be accurately identified in an Indian Health Service patient registration database.

OBJECTIVE: The computerized patient registration databases maintained by the Indian Health Service (IHS) represent a potentially important source of data about the epidemic of diabetes among American Indian and Alaskan Native people. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of this data source, and to identify the optimal search criteria to identify patients with a diagnosis of diabetes in an IHS patient registration database. METHODS: The authors compared the results of a series of computerized searches to a "gold standard" sample of 465 manually reviewed charts from a large IHS facility. RESULTS: Among patients ages 15 years and older, the best criterion for identifying patients diagnosed with diabetes was the presence of at least one purpose of visit narrative identified by a 250.00 to 250.93 ICD-9 code. The presence of a single computerized code for diabetes identified patients with diagnosed diabetes with a sensitivity of 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81, 97), a specificity of 99% (95% CI 98, 99), and a calculated positive predictive value of 94% (95% CI 85, 99). In a separate chart review of 462 charts of patients who had at least one 250.00 to 250.93 ICD-9 code recorded in the database, 435 had a diagnosis of diabetes for an observed positive predictive value of 94%. Because the prevalence of diabetes varies by age of the patient, the positive predictive value of the ability to identify patients with diabetes also varies by age. CONCLUSION: A computerized search of an IHS patient database can identify patients with a diagnosis of diabetes with an accuracy that is similar to the reported accuracy from other health care system databases.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How "flat' are normal ability profiles in 4-year-olds?

Group and individual ability profiles of 89 English 4-year-olds on the McCarthy scales of children's abilities (MSCA) are presented. The results suggest that at this age, there is a high expectation of obtaining at least one significant difference between a child's mean ability score and the individual ability of index scores. The direction of these significant differences in ability suggested that, in this age group, abilities measured by the MSCA verbal and perceptual performance indexes tend to be more advanced than abilities measured by the quantitative and memory indexes. Motor development is relatively retarded compared to these other abilities. (The results are at variance with the often accepted concept of a "flat' ability profile in normal children). The use of the MSCA on English children could result in over referral of normal children, especially boys, who appear delayed on the motor index, and under referral of children who were regarded as normal on the verbal and perceptual indexes.

Aptitude↗