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Biomedical subjects

A Lussier

Publications and source records attributed to A Lussier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

The use of a 51Cr technique to detect gastrointestinal microbleeding associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

Of techniques used to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, use of radiochromium (51Cr)-tagged erythrocytes is the most quantitative and scientifically acceptable method. The value of this technique as well as systematic errors possible with its use are discussed. The medical literature concerning 51Cr evaluation of GI microbleeding with naproxen therapy is critically reviewed. We suggest that future studies using this technique be parallel, randomized, double-blind, and include a 1-week placebo baseline phase for all subjects. Treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should last 3 to 4 weeks. A parallel group of subjects should receive placebo throughout the study. For valid statistical analyses, randomization must achieve baseline comparability of weight, height, age, and sex in the treatment groups. Data transformations may be necessary to satisfy the assumptions of the statistical model. Following these guidelines will enable investigators to better evaluate GI microbleeding during treatment with naproxen or other NSAIDs, and, hopefully, to establish the safety profiles of these drugs.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

The limitations of the object relations model.

The position expressed in this paper is that there is no drive without object, and no object relationship except in the context of the drives. If primacy is to be attributed to any of the factors involved in mental functioning, it should be to the workings of the pleasure-unpleasure principle; the latter cannot be conceived as independent of the realm of the drives. A clinical case is presented in order to demonstrate why and to what extent it can be severely restrictive to attribute ultimate motivating primacy to a hypothetical object-seeking tendency conceived of as operating outside the sphere of the drives.

Adult↗

Radiochromium (chromium-51) evaluation of gastrointestinal blood loss associated with placebo, aspirin, and nabumetone.

Gastrointestinal blood loss is one of the most serious clinical events induced by drugs. To date, almost no nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been shown to be devoid of that side effect in a strictly controlled study. The objective of this study was to assess quantitatively, by use of radioactive chromium (chromium-51)-labeled red blood cells, gastrointestinal blood loss associated with nabumetone (1,000 mg daily), aspirin (3.6 g daily), and placebo. A total of 37 normal subjects, divided among the three treatment groups and a fourth group that received no treatment, were assessed clinically and quantitatively for gastrointestinal blood loss over a period of 28 days of "active" treatment. The results with chromium-51, analyzed on a logarithmic scale, revealed no statistically significant differences between the nabumetone, placebo, and control groups. Gastrointestinal blood loss in the aspirin group, however, was elevated when compared with all other groups at a high level of statistical significance (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that, under conditions in which aspirin causes substantial gastrointestinal microbleeding, nabumetone is not significantly different from placebo.

Adult↗

Cricoarytenoiditis: CT assessment in rheumatoid arthritis.

The cricoarytenoid (CA) joint is a true diarthrodial joint that can be affected by rheumatoid disease. Its strategic location in the airway anatomy makes its evaluation of clinical importance. Direct fiberoptic laryngoscopy (DFL) and high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) were used to assess the larynx in 32 rheumatoid patients. Abnormalities were seen in 75% of patients at endoscopic examination. HRCT studies showed abnormalities in 72%. Erosion-luxation of the CA joint and surrounding soft-tissue swelling can be demonstrated on HRCT scans. A radiologic grading of the rheumatoid larynx is proposed, stressing that accurate evaluation of the larynx should be part of the diagnostic evaluation of every rheumatoid arthritic patient, given the high frequency of occurrence of rheumatoid laryngitis.

Adult↗

[Joint manifestations in chronic T-cell lymphocytosis and neutropenia].

The authors report the case of a patient suffering from chronic T-cell lymphocytosis and neutropenia (CTLN), detected from seropositive rheumatoid arthritis with attacks of fever. The distinctive features of CTLN, isolated from other forms of chronic T-cell lymphoid leukemias, are recalled. The frequency and nature of joint signs found during this new hematologic entity are described.

Agranulocytosis↗

[Diagnosis of inflammatory sacroiliitis. Comparison of complementary examinations].

In order to test the sensitivity of different techniques in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis, we have made a prospective and non-controlled study of 22 patients using standard radiography of the sacroiliac joint; conventional tomography and axial scintigraphy (calculation of an ISI sacroiliac index). The normal upper limit of the sacroiliac index (1.42) was studied in parallel, using a group of 63 control subjects. Correlation between the radiological examinations was average, but was very poor between radiology and scintigraphy. Conventional tomography and calculation of the sacroiliac index were of equal value diagnostically. Clear images of juxta-articular geodes were seen during scanning, but were not taken into account in the diagnosis. They may represent the onset of larger erosions and need to be verified.

Adolescent↗

[Spinal hyperostosis and disorders of retinol metabolism].

Vitamin A or its acid derivatives can be responsible for bony lesions similar to those in ankylosing hyperostosis in animals and in man. We performed a controlled, prospective study on vitamin A metabolism in 23 patients with ankylosing hyperostosis and in 17 normal controls. Beta-carotene serum levels were determined by spectrophotometry, and retinol serum levels by inverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, and retinol binding protein (RBP) by radial immunodiffusion. After eliminating the causes which disturb vitamin A metabolism or RBP, we found a significant increase in retinol (p less than 0.02), in the molar relationship, retinol/RBP (p less than 0.05), without zinc deficiency. The association of diabetes with ankylosing hyperostosis normalizes in a statistically significant manner serum retinol levels (p less than 0.05), but apparently does not modify the increased molar relationship, retinol/RBP. These findings suggest a toxic effect of retinol due to the increased amount of free retinol or by nonspecific transport by proteins other than RBP.

Aged↗

Cricoarytenoiditis in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of fibrolaryngoscopic and high resolution computerized tomographic findings.

Cricoarytenoid involvement in rheumatoid arthritis has been assessed in 32 patients by combining clinical evaluation, direct fiberoptic laryngoscopy (DFL), and high resolution computerized tomography (CT). Symptoms were inconstant, variable, and rarely prominent. Absence of symptoms does not exclude an involvement. One case presented as an acute respiratory distress. The study showed an unexpected frequency of involvement with 75% of abnormal DFL and 72% of abnormal CT. Semiology of laryngoscopy and CT are described.

Adolescent↗

Selective induction of cardiovascular responses to des-Arg9-bradykinin by bacterial endotoxin.

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces in 5 h a hypotensive response mediated by the B1-receptor for kinins in the rabbit, an effect which is not observed in untreated animals. The present study is intended to evaluate the capacity of other acute toxic treatments to induce such a response and to analyze the mechanism of induction. Intravenous injections of inulin (20 mg), Naja venom (50 micrograms), compound 48/80 (1 mg), and etiocholanolone (6 mg) failed to induce hypotensive response to des-Arg9-bradykinin (the selective agonist of the B1-receptor) in 5 h. LPS from Salmonella (100 micrograms) and E. coli (10 micrograms) were highly effective, whereas trypsin (2 mg) gave doubtful responses. White blood cell counts revealed a profound and rapid neutropenic effect of the 2 LPS and a less marked one for trypsin. It is concluded that (1) LPS is a selective inducer of a new cardiovascular response to kinins mediated by the B1-receptor, and (2) that the mechanism of induction may include an intimate interaction between neutrophil leukocytes and blood vessel walls.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

Reducing property of some slow acting antirheumatic drugs.

Many slow acting antirheumatic drugs and several other drugs without antirheumatic activity possess a potential thiol function, i.e., a free SH group or one that is generated by hydrolysis. Since drugs with effective SH activity may react with intracellular disulfides, we evaluated their reducing properties by measuring their redox potential and their ability to react with glutathione, the most prevalent intracellular thiol, and dithiobis (nitrobenzoic acid), a specific reactant for thiols. Drugs containing aromatic thiols are poor reducers and are generally devoid of antirheumatic activity. Antirheumatic drugs, such as D-penicillamine, levamisole, gold salts, thiopronine and captopril, are potential aliphatic thiols with strong reducing properties. These different antirheumatic drugs may therefore operate by a common mechanism through an altered cellular redox equilibrium and sulfide-disulfide exchanges.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗

Adjuvant arthritis: influence of the adjuvant volume and composition on the established arthritis.

Adjuvant arthritis remains an interesting model for the evaluation of therapeutic agents and for the study of inflammatory mechanisms. The severity and time course of the primary nonspecific inflammation and of the induced polyarthritis are influenced by the composition and volume of the injected adjuvant. The injection of complete adjuvant produces always an oedema which is much greater than the sum of the oedemas induced by mineral oil or mycobacteria alone. In Lewis rats, highly susceptible to adjuvant arthritis, the intensity of the induced lesions increases with the injected oil volume and for equal volumes is maximal with 500 micrograms of Mycobacterium butyricum. In the injected paw the specific immune character of the inflammation is more important when a small volume of adjuvant is used and is maximal for 500 micrograms of mycobacteria in 0.1 ml of mineral oil.

Animals↗

Comparative study of gastrointestinal microbleeding caused by aspirin, fenbufen, and placebo.

Fifty volunteers, randomly divided into five groups, received placebo, fenbufen, or aspirin at dosages used in treating osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (fenbufen, 600 or 900 mg daily; aspirin, 3.6 g daily) for 28 days. Following radioactive chromium labeling of red cells in each subject, stool specimens were collected weekly for determination of blood loss by radioisotope procedure. Statistical analyses demonstrated no significant differences in gastrointestinal microbleeding between subjects who received fenbufen (600 or 900 mg daily) and those who received placebo. Conversely, there were significant (p less than 0.01) differences in microbleeding between subjects given aspirin and those given either dosage of fenbufen or placebo.

Adolescent↗

Rapid assay of human plasma carboxypeptidase N by high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of hippuryl-lysine and its product.

A rapid and sensitive method for measuring carboxypeptidase N (CPN) activity in human plasma is described. The procedure is based on the hydrolysis of a high-specificity/low-affinity substrate, hippuryl-L-lysine, to its products hippuric acid and lysine. The substrate and product are separated quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography in less than 10 min following a minimal sample preparation time. The advantages of this method over previous ones are discussed and data are presented demonstrating the reliability of this method for the routine clinical determination of CPN activity.

Carboxypeptidases↗