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Biomedical subjects

A Lopez

Publications and source records attributed to A Lopez.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Postoperative endophthalmitis.

Endophthalmitis has typically been described as occurring within the first 24-48 hours postoperatively and having a rapid progression. Classical signs and symptoms include intense ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, and exaggerated inflammatory response not commensurate with the level of the patient's recuperative process. This article presents a case wherein a patient, following cataract surgery and implant, developed endophthalmitis of a more indolent nature with a later onset of symptomatology and associated sequelae. Reasons this delayed onset of symptoms may occur are discussed. Etiological considerations, current treatment modalities, and management protocol are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

International trends in cancer mortality in France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, England and Wales, and the USA.

Age-specific worldwide trends in cancer mortality were reviewed, with emphasis on cancer sites where increases have been reported in the USA. Cancer rates vary by factors as high as 30 between all countries, and 5-fold within and between industrialised countries. In Italy, Japan, Federal Republic of Germany, England and Wales, and the USA, patterns of cancer mortality have shifted uniformly over the past two decades. Stomach cancer continues to decline, while brain and other central-nervous-system cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma have increased in persons aged 55 and older. Cancer of the lung is starting to decline for men under age 85 and women under age 60 in England and Wales and men under age 45 in the USA, but is still rising for men and women in other countries. All forms of cancer are increasing in persons over age 54 except lung and stomach (which together comprise between 20% and 43% of all cancer in males in these countries). Studies of the quality of ascertainment and enumeration indicate that these increases are not attributable solely to diagnostic artifacts or to increased access to health care, although both these factors may be involved. These recorded increases in cancer should be assessed in greater detail to provide better projections of health care needs and to identify causal factors that may be controlled. The changes in cancer other than lung are so great and rapid that their causes demand intensive investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Systemic and local saphenous vein graft thrombolysis using a tissue plasminogen activator.

Many studies are currently evaluating the potential role of thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic syndromes who have undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting. Limited experience has been published regarding the use of local urokinase and streptokinase infusions and the use of systemic recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator as thrombolytic agents in patients with previous coronary artery bypass surgery. To date, however, there has been no published experience regarding the use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) either systemically or locally in the post-bypass patient where angiographic demonstration of aortocoronary saphenous vein graft obstruction was available pre- and post-therapy. Similarly there has been no previous report of the use of rt-PA infused locally to recanalize an occluded aortocoronary saphenous vein graft. This report describes successful thrombolysis and subsequent balloon angioplasty of saphenous vein grafts with angiographically documented thrombus using systemic and local rt-PA infusion.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1990

The actions of the novel anti-aggressive drug eltoprazine on central neurones in the anaesthetised rat.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the novel anti-aggressive drug eltoprazine (1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl) piperazine hydrochloride) were applied by microiontophoresis to spinal motorneurones and also to neurones in the brainstem which gave two distinctly different responses to 5-HT. In vitro microiontophoretic release studies showed that the electrophoretic mobility of eltoprazine and 5-HT were similar and that similar amounts of each drug would be applied by similar iontophoretic currents. Cells in the brainstem have been shown previously to be excited by 5-HT, acting at a 5-HT2 receptor. Eltoprazine only occasionally and weakly mimicked the excitatory effect of 5-HT on these cells. Although a potent antagonism of the 5-HT excitation by eltoprazine was observed, this was a non-selective effect, as responses to glutamate and D,L-homocysteic acid were also reduced. Cells in the lateral brainstem are depressed by 5-HT, acting on a receptor which has previously been shown to be of the 5-HT1-like group. At this receptor, 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin) and 5-carboxamidotryptamine, are potent agonists. Eltoprazine was a more potent depressant agonist than 5-HT on these brainstem neurones. The antagonist metergoline did not antagonise responses to either 5-HT or eltoprazine. It is suggested however that both drugs act at the same receptor to depress these cells because desensitizing the receptor by repeated, frequent applications of 5-HT abolished responses to 5-HT and eltoprazine, without altering responses to GABA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of serum vitamins A, E, and C in lung cancer patients.

In a case-control study, serum levels of vitamins E, C, and A, carotenoids, total cholesterol, and retinol-binding protein along with smoking levels were studied on 59 persons newly diagnosed with lung cancer and also on matched hospitalized controls. The relative risk for smoking increased with the number of pack years of cigarettes smoked. Cases had significantly lower serum levels of carotenoids, vitamin E, and total cholesterol. Adjustment for serum cholesterol levels diminished the case-control difference for serum carotenoid levels and reduced the case-control difference for serum vitamin E levels. The results indicate that serum vitamin E may also be associated with lung cancer, possibly to a greater degree than serum retinol (vitamin A) is associated with lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The bleeding time response to aspirin. Identifying the hyperresponder.

The authors measured the template bleeding time in 11 normal people before and 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the subjects ingested a single dose of 74 mg of aspirin (ASA). The entire experiment was repeated twice at two-week intervals, with the dose of ASA increased to 325 mg and finally 3,900 mg. The mean increase was maximal at 4 and 12 hours, regardless of the dose administered, with a return to baseline by 48 hours. The authors then performed bleeding times in a prospective randomized double-blinded fashion on an additional 39 subjects at baseline and seven hours after they ingested either placebo or ASA 325 mg. The mean baseline bleeding time was 5.2 minutes (SD +/- 1.4), with a mean prolongation after ASA of 2.1 minutes (SD +/- 1.9). The authors identified 5 of 37 (14%) subjects as hyper-responders (HRs) using the criterion of a bleeding time prolongation of greater than 5.9 minutes (greater than 2 SD beyond the mean prolongation). Neither baseline bleeding time, threshold sensitivity of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, nor other tests of hemostatic function discriminated HRs from normals. The authors conclude that in subjects with normal baseline bleeding times, a prolongation of greater than 5.9 minutes when measured seven hours after the administration of a single dose of 325 mg of ASA can discriminate HRs from normals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Capsaicin pretreatment modifies hydrogen sulphide-induced pulmonary injury in rats.

One of the major target organs of hydrogen sulphide gas is the lung. Exfoliation of upper respiratory epithelia and pulmonary edema are prominent effects. Various neuropeptides contained in afferent C-fibres are intimately associated with the epithelia of the conducting airways and are liberated upon exposure to noxious gases. We sought to determine their role in the pathogenesis of hydrogen-sulphide-induced pulmonary injury by pretreating rats with the neurotoxin, capsaicin, which is known to ablate a subpopulation of vagal afferent C-fibres. Groups of capsaicin and saline (control) pretreated Fischer 344 rats were exposed to an edemogenic concentration of hydrogen sulphide (525-559 mg/m3) for 4 hr. Mortality was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the capsaicin treated rats (12/12) compared to the control animals (2/12). Pulmonary injury was also more severe in the capsaicin pretreated animals as assessed by lung water content, histological grade of pulmonary edema and protein in the broncho-alveolar fluid. Animals depleted of substance P exhibited a significantly greater (p less than 0.01) degree of bronchial epithelial cell exfoliation and ulceration following exposure to hydrogen sulphide. These experiments indicate that capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves may play a major role in pulmonary defense against the effects of inhaled toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinical evaluation of niflumic acid gel in the treatment of uncomplicated ankle sprains.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre study was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerability of percutaneous niflumic acid gel in the treatment of uncomplicated ankle sprains. Sixty patients were enrolled in three centres and were randomly allocated to receive treatment with 2.5% percutaneous niflumic acid gel or placebo gel applied 3-times daily for 7 days. Clinical evaluations were made on entry to the study, after 3 days and at the end of treatment. The major efficacy criteria were the pain felt by the patient and the investigators' and patients' global evaluation of effectiveness of the treatment. Adverse events that occurred were also noted. The results showed that topically applied 2.5% niflumic acid gel was superior to placebo in the treatment of ankle sprains in respect of all major parameters studied. Niflumic acid gel and the placebo were shown to be equally well tolerated. The study findings indicate that treatment with topical niflumic acid gel is effective in treating uncomplicated ankle sprains and results in improved clinical signs on Day 4 and after 7 days.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

[Eye movements: initial dynamic approach in high resolution magnetic resonance imaging].

New MR softwares allow a dynamic display of different fonctionnal anatomical regions. This work is a first attempt to visualize the ocular movements. A video tape constitute the support of our results. Technically, the work is performed on a Signa 1,5 T GE CGR System. During each MR acquisition, the subject is asked to fix his gaze successively on each spot of a scale set inside the bore of the magnet. Twenty four images are performed to show the entire lateral course of the globes. The examination time is about half an hour. The video display show the movements of agonist and antagonist muscles, the eyeballs and the optic nerves displacements, in the axial neuro-ocular plane (NOP). Different clinical applications of this new method are discussed (muscular surgery...).

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1990

[A case of tuberculoma of the orbit with sphenoidal origin].

We report the case of an orbital and sphenoidal tuberculosis observed in a young Indian man living in France. The orbital disease is presenting as an orbital mass with a radiologic bony lytic aspect, without systemic manifestation. A malignant process was suspected. The diagnosis was obtained by the culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the biopsy specimen. Orbital involvement in tuberculosis is a rare manifestation in developed countries. Most cases reported in the literature were reported from Asia and Africa. Orbital tuberculosis may become established in one of two ways: primarily by heamatogenous spread to cause a periostitis or a tuberculoma of the orbital tissues, or secondarily by direct extension from neighbouring structures. It occurs in patients with or without associated pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory orbital diseases. This diagnosis is based on clinical feature, positive tuberculin skin test and positive culture in resected tissues. The complete resolution of the disease with the specific antituberculous drugs emphasizes the point that tuberculosis must be evocated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Subcophosis and otosclerosis. Medical and surgical treatment].

The spiral ligament of the stria vascularis is nearly always damaged by otosclerotic foci when the patient is nearly totally deaf because of otosclerosis. Vascular drugs are to be prescribed in such a case, besides the Sodium Fluoride treatment. The Sodium Fluoride is, according to us, the best treatment to arrest the progression of the otosclerotic disease. Sodium fluoride will destroy the proteolytic enzymes damaging the inner ear membranes and the hair of the Corti hair cells.

Audiometry↗