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Biomedical subjects

A Long

Publications and source records attributed to A Long.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Thrombosis of the gastrocnemic veins. A clinical entity].

Among deep venous thromboses of the calf, isolated gastrocnemic vein thrombosis is a rare condition. Its main characteristics could be extracted from 5 cases. Following a positional or mechanical triggering factor, the diagnosis is suggested by pain localized to the calf. Ultrasonography shows the intraluminal thrombus better than phlebography, since the gastrocnemic veins, which bypass the larger deep veins, can be opacified only after a garrot is placed above the knee. The thrombus may extend to the popliteal vein, with a risk of pulmonary embolism and post-phlebitis disease. Treatment consists of anticoagulants and elastic bandage.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1990

Takayasu's disease: diagnostic and therapeutic value of subclavian artery biopsy.

Seventeen surgical biopsy specimens of the axillary or subclavian artery were obtained from patients who had inflammatory, nonatherosclerotic arterial lesions and were studied retrospectively. Initial roentgenologic clinical, and histologic findings were evaluated and compared with final diagnosis. Histological examination suggested Takayasu's disease in 11 patients whereas the roentgenologic and clinical signs led us to suspect Takayasu's disease in only eight instances. Takayasu's disease was confirmed in these eight cases later in the course of the disease. In six patients subclavian artery biopsy specimens showed lesions consistent with Horton's disease in contrast to roentgenologic and clinical signs which suggested Takayasu's disease. In five patients, the final diagnosis was Horton's disease and in one, the diagnosis remained unknown. Of 13 patients who had revascularization procedures, bypasses remained patent in patients followed from nine months to 16 years (mean: 68 months). Histopathologic criteria are more reliable than roentgenologic or clinical signs in the diagnosis of Takayasu's disease. The subclavian artery is frequently involved in Takayasu's disease and is a desirable site for retrieval of diagnostic specimen when a revascularization procedure is entertained.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The chest radiograph in acute bronchiolitis.

The relationship between clinical severity, as judged by a clinical scoring method, and the degree of radiological change on a chest X-ray, was assessed in 153 children with acute bronchiolitis. There was no statistical correlation between clinical severity and the degree of radiological change. The majority of radiographs were requested on the assumption that it was a useful routine investigation. We suggest that the request for a chest X-ray in acute bronchiolitis should be made only when the need for intensive care is being considered, where there has been an unexpected deterioration in the child's condition or the child has an underlying cardiac or pulmonary disorder.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Procedures in critical ischemia of the legs in non-emergency situations].

Our experience with 91 operated cases in 84 patients (47 men, 37 women) relates essentially to arterial diseases resulting from overloading and diabetic arteriopathy. Diagnosis of critical ischemia is easy in clinical conditions, but it is advisable to rely on universally recognized hemodynamic standards to define this condition. Ankle pressure should be less than 400 mmHg and the Doppler trace flat or barely perceptible. Patients in our series had a mean ankle pressure of 32.4 mmHg. Local examination can determine the extent of gangrene, whereas general examination detects numerous, often associated defects diabetes, coronary artery disease, rhythm disorders, arterial hypertension, etc. As far as possible, these defects are to be corrected before surgery. X-ray examination (M. Kasbarian) is frequently done in conjunction with conventional aorto-arteriography and digital angiography. The later technique allows arteries to be visualized which are not seen with the conventional technique. The x-ray examination will indicate whether revascularization is feasible, although it cannot show whether it will be efficient. In our series, opacification of the plantar arches was predictive neither of success nor failure. But do tests exist which can predict the success of a revascularization attempt? It would be necessary to be able to estimate ankle pressure after the operation, and several methods have tried to do this. TcPO2 would seem to be a good examination. The possibilities of nuclear magnetic resonance are being studied, and the results thus far are promising. Preoperative explorations are carried out in a different situation. Arteriography performed in the operating room is a simple act which can reveal a usable downstream bed not indicated in preoperative X-rays, although it provides no hemodynamic data. Measurement of peripheral resistances would appear to be a very good predictive examination. Flow measurements by infusion or electronic flowmeter also seem to be predictive for bypass results. Unfortunately, these measurements are at present not widely performed and the critical threshold is assessed differently. Given the difficulty of correctly estimating the value of these numerous methods, many surgeons, ourselves included, have chosen to revascularize patients whenever the upstream bed as evaluated by X-ray indicates the presence of at least one viable artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

New versatile restraining device for use with rats in pharmacokinetic or pharmacological studies involving chronically implanted cannulae or electrodes.

A new design for a rat restraining device is described. Features of the device include facilities to allow the accommodation of rats of a very wide weight range and to maximize its convenience in use in a variety of procedures including the collection of blood, feces, and urine. The restrainer is designed to minimize stress in the rat in the course of pharmacokinetic or pharmacological studies. The device is particularly useful for studies involving chronically cannulated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Extratemporal Horton's disease: diagnosis using subclavian biopsy. 4 cases].

A histological diagnosis of Horton's disease was made in 4 patients with lesions of the axillary-subclavian arteries by biopsy of these vessels. Unilateral biopsy of the temporal artery, performed initially in 2 of these patients, during surgery in one and immediately after surgery in another, had been negative in 3 cases and insufficient for a diagnosis in 1 case. For temporal biopsy to be valuable, the arterial fragment resected must be long enough and serial histological sections must be performed to avoid false-negative results. It is only when these conditions are fulfilled that negative results may be considered. Horton's disease of the axillary-subclavian arteries is relatively frequent, and histological studies of these vessels have already been used to assert the diagnosis in case of negative or non-performed temporal biopsy, whether or not the arteriographic findings were suggestive of the disease. The indications for subclavian biopsy remain to be determined. It can be carried out for diagnostic purposes in case of clinically atypical suspected Horton's disease revealed by axillary-subclavian lesions and negative temporal biopsy, particularly when revascularization proves necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical Cal9-9 in primary colonic polyps and polyps synchronous with colorectal cancer.

A prospective study was undertaken to examine the immunohistochemical expression of tumor antigen Cal9-9 in 56 colorectal cancers and 95 colonic adenomas, divided into 65 primary polyps and 30 polyps synchronous with colorectal cancer. Seventy five per cent of tumours were positive for Cal9-9. Antigen was expressed more frequently in advanced Duke's C and D and poorly differentiated colorectal cancer. Overall 51% of adenomas were positive for Cal9-9. Antigen expression correlated significantly with increasing size (p less than 0.001), synchronicity with colorectal cancer (p less than 0.001), severe dysplasia (p less than 0.001) and villous typing (p less than 0.003). Discriminate analysis using the first three variables correctly classified 79% of positive and 89% of negative Cal9-9 results. The similar frequency of antigen expression seen in colorectal cancers and their synchronous adenoma suggests a field change in the tumour bearing colon. Adenomas positive for Cal9-9 may have a greater malignant potential for carcinomatous change.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Extinction of Harrington's mountain goat.

Keratinous horn sheaths of the extinct Harrington's mountain goat, Oreamnos harringtoni, were recovered at or near the surface of dry caves of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Twenty-three separate specimens from two caves were dated nondestructively by the tandem accelerator mass spectrometer (TAMS). Both the TAMS and the conventional dates indicate that Harrington's mountain goat occupied the Grand Canyon for at least 19,000 years prior to becoming extinct by 11,160 +/- 125 radiocarbon years before present. The youngest average radiocarbon dates on Shasta ground sloths, Nothrotheriops shastensis, from the region are not significantly younger than those on extinct mountain goats. Rather than sequential extinction with Harrington's mountain goat disappearing from the Grand Canyon before the ground sloths, as one might predict in view of evidence of climatic warming at the time, the losses were concurrent. Both extinctions coincide with the regional arrival of Clovis hunters.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of costs and data quality of three health survey methods: mail, telephone and personal home interview.

Three survey modes--a self-administered mailed questionnaire, a telephone interview, and a home interview--were assessed for survey costs, adequacy of completion, test-retest reliability, validity of responses to medical questions and estimates of morbidity. Costs per household for each mode were $A42.75, $A74.33, and $71.89, respectively. Item omission was confined virtually to the mail mode and averaged 5.5% over 84 questions assessed, while telephone and home interview modes averaged 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. "Don't knows" were virtually absent for all questions except those about precise details (names, places, etc.) of events occurring often 10-15 years before the survey; no mode differences were observed. The mail mode produced less reliable responses to questions about environmental exposure to hazardous chemicals or activities when considered question-by-question, but differences were not significant among modes when all questions were grouped. Reliability was high to medical questions and no mode differences were observed. Medical conditions which would require a medical diagnosis for subjects to be able to report them were more reliably answered than conditions described in broad or lay terms. Validity of answers to medical questions varied across modes and types of questions; underreporting of medical conditions was highest in the mail mode and was lowest for conditions requiring a diagnosis. Overreporting was lowest in the mail mode and highest for conditions requiring a diagnostic opinion.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Reversible myocardial perfusion defects during cold challenge in scleroderma.

Myocardial perfusion was studied using 201thallium scintigraphy in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon undergoing cold challenge. Ten patients with systemic sclerosis and 10 with other systemic rheumatic diseases were selected. Patients with clinical features of cardiac disease were not included. Both groups of patients had similar cold-induced elevations of pulse rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Reversible perfusion abnormalities suggesting cold-induced ischaemia were seen in four of the ten patients with systemic sclerosis, but in none of the patients with other rheumatic diseases. This study supports the suggestion that the vascular disorder in scleroderma differs from that seen in other rheumatic diseases which are associated with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Peptic ulcer in rheumatoid arthritis--intrinsic or related to drug therapy?

The reported incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher than that of the general population. Unusual susceptibility to PUD in RA, independent of therapy, has been suggested. To compare RA patients with others who had similar drug exposure but no known predisposition to PUD, 120 patients hospitalized for treatment of severe arthritis (65 with RA, 55 with osteoarthritis) were assessed by questionnaire for PUD history, drug history and other relevant variables. The relationship of PUD to sex distribution, smoking, alcohol consumption and anti-inflammatory therapy followed expected patterns. We found high but similar PUD rates in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients (RA 15%, OA 18%). This suggests that a common factor (probably drugs) is responsible. We feel that the documented high incidence of PUD in RA is most probably related to drug therapy. Available methods cannot determine if PUD ever occurs as a primary manifestation of RA.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Tomographic imaging of the human thyroid using 124I.

After receiving between 100 and 300 mu Ci of the positron-emitting radioisotope 124I (half-life, 4.2 days), 64 patients with a variety of thyroid disorders were imaged with a high resolution positron camera. A 3-dimensional image of the distribution of radioiodine uptake within the thyroid was obtained from a single 10- to 15-min scan. This image may be viewed as a sequence of 2-mm thick transverse, sagittal, or frontal sections or as a 3-dimensional shaded surface. The functional volume of the thyroid may be estimated by counting the volume elements (voxels) inside the thyroid surface. The precision of the estimate varied from 6-15%, depending on the size and clinical status of the thyroid. The volume estimation procedure was validated with phantoms and with the thyroids of patients who subsequently underwent partial thyroidectomy. This 3-dimensional imaging technique may be useful for diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases.

Adenoma↗