Sickle cell trait, open heart surgery, and SVO2.
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Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
Biomedical subjects
A Locatelli
Publications and source records attributed to A Locatelli.
Screening for congenital heart disease with the four-chamber view of the fetal heart.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the efficacy of the four-chamber view of the fetal heart in routine ultrasonographic examination as a screening tool for congenital heart defects. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study compared the detection rate of congenital heart defects among 5336 pregnant women screened with the ultrasonographic four-chamber view of the fetal heart from 1987 through 1989 with that among 3680 patients examined ultrasonographically without the four-chamber view during the 2 preceding years (1985 through 1986). All patients were followed until delivery or termination of pregnancy, and clinical or autopsy confirmation of prenatal findings were obtained on all cases. RESULTS: The overall incidence of congenital heart diseases was 5.2 per 1000 (47/9016). During the years 1985 through 1986 15 neonates with congenital heart diseases were identified, seven of which were prenatally diagnosed (sensitivity 43%). During the period 1987 through 1989 a four-chamber view of the fetal heart was obtained in 95% of cases; 32 cases of congenital heart disease occurred, 26 of which were diagnosed antenatally (sensitivity 81%; p = 0.01). Two false-positive diagnoses were made during the second time period, giving a specificity of 99.9%. CONCLUSION: The four-chamber view of the fetal heart is easily obtained, does not significantly increase the duration of a routine ultrasonographic examination, and has an excellent sensitivity for the identification of congenital heart diseases.
Cohort Studies↗
Potential antitumor agents XIX [1]. Synthesis and antitumor activity of tricyclic compounds related to lotifazole.
The synthesis of phenothiazine and anthraquinone derivatives, bearing at least one fragment present in lotifazole, is reported. Some of the new compounds showed antitumor activity in vitro (P388 leukemia cells) and in vivo (Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice).
Animals↗
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of imidazo[2,1-b]-thiazoles bearing a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.
A number of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles bearing a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group as hydrazone or as amide were prepared and tested in rats as antihypertensive agents. Only compounds bearing a chlorine at position 6 were active.
Administration, Oral↗
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole nitriles, amides and p-sulfamidophenylhydrazones.
The synthesis of three series of new imidazo [2,1-b] thiazoles (nitriles 1-7, amides 8-14 and p-sulfamidophenylhydrazones 15-24) is reported. Among the compounds tested, only 12 showed a borderline diuretic activity. Compounds 15-24, possible prodrugs of sulfanilamide, were devoid of antibacterial activity.
Amides↗
[Comparison between propofol and isoflurane in patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass. Effect on systemic and coronary circulation].
The Authors report their experience with the use of two different anaesthetic techniques (propofol-fentanil versus isoflurane-fentanyl) for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Haemodynamic data (regarding systemic and coronary circulation) showed an almost similar pattern of change after induction, intubation, skin incision and sterotomy, except for a greater decrease of systemic vascular resistances after induction in patients who received propofol. Cardiac output decreased more in the isoflurane group while changes in coronary sinus flow were equal in the two groups.
Adult↗
Aprotinin in cardiac surgery.
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Aprotinin↗
Pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion leading up to ovulation in the ewe: existence of a preovulatory GnRH surge.
We have previously shown LH surges induced by physiological estradiol levels are invariably accompanied by robust and sustained GnRH surges in the ewe. Such an increase, however, has not been observed consistently during the preovulatory LH surge. In the present study, we examined GnRH secretion in Suffolk and Ile de France ewes during the preovulatory period using a method for pituitary portal blood collection which allows simultaneous portal and jugular blood samples to be taken at frequent intervals for up to 48 h. Ewes were sampled either during the mid-late luteal phase (n = 8) or follicular phase (n = 20). During the follicular phase, a robust increase in GnRH secretion occurred at the onset of the LH surge in 11 of 12 ewes sampled during the LH surge. The GnRH increase in most ewes was a massive surge, reaching values averaging 40-fold greater than baseline and extending well beyond the end of the preovulatory LH surge. In the single ewe not exhibiting a GnRH surge during the LH surge, postmortem inspection indicated blood was probably not sampled from the pituitary portal vessels. In the early follicular phase, GnRH-pulse frequency was greater than that observed in the luteal phase and, within the follicular phase, GnRH-pulse frequency increased further and amplitude decreased as the surge approached. These data demonstrate GnRH secretion leading up to ovulation in the ewe is dynamic, beginning with slow pulses during the luteal phase, progressing to higher frequency pulses during the follicular phase and invariably culminating in a robust surge of GnRH. The LH surge, however, ends despite continued elevation of GnRH.
Animals↗
The form and function of the Leydig cells in hypophysectomized rams treated with pituitary extract when spermatogenesis is disrupted by heating the testes.
The morphology and in-vivo function of the Leydig cells were studied in rams when spermatogenesis had been disrupted by a single exposure of the testes 20 days earlier to a temperature of about 42 degrees C for 45 min. To avoid complications due to changed negative feedback from the testes to the pituitary with consequent changes in the degree of gonadotrophic stimulation, ten of the animals (five heated and five unheated) were surgically hypophysectomized when the testes were heated and then treated twice daily with pituitary extract. Six intact rams (three heated and three unheated) were also studied. The heat-affected testes were about half the size of the unheated testes, and blood plasma flow was closely related to testis weight. There were no differences in the testosterone concentrations in spermatic venous blood, testicular lymph or rete testis fluid, or in oestradiol in spermatic venous plasma from heated or unheated testes. Consequently, testosterone secretion by the heat-affected testes was markedly reduced, and the concentrations in jugular blood were also lower in the heat-affected rams than in controls. The volume of the interstitial tissue was less in absolute terms in the heat-affected rams, but it made up a greater fraction of the testes. The absolute volume of the blood plus lymph vessels, and their fraction of the interstitial tissue were lower in the heat-affected testes, although there was no effect on their volume as a fraction of the whole testis. The heat-affected testes of the hormone-treated rams had fewer Leydig cells, but each cell was larger; no equivalent difference was found in the intact rams. However, the dose of pituitary extract chosen was somewhat excessive, as there were higher than normal concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone in jugular blood plasma, of testosterone and oestradiol in testicular venous blood plasma and of testosterone in rete testis fluid in the hormone-treated hypophysectomized rams. The testes of the unheated hypophysectomized rams increased in size by about 20% during treatment with pituitary extract, although testicular blood plasma flow was lower per unit weight of testis. The absolute volume of each Leydig cell and the total volume in absolute terms and as a fraction of the interstitial tissue was greater in the hormone-treated than in the untreated rams, but not the volume as a fraction of the whole testis. The total number of Leydig cells was higher in the hormone-treated unheated rams than in all the other rams taken together.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Synthesis and analgesic activity of 1-(N-methylanilinoethyl)indoles.
The synthesis of two series of 1-(N-methylanilinoethyl)indoles is reported. The first arises from the N-alkylation of indole-3-acetic acid or its methylester, while the second was prepared by means of the Witting reaction on the appropriate aldehyde. The compounds were tested in mice (hot plate test and phenyl-p-benzoquinone induced writhing test) for their analgesic activity. None of the compounds was significantly active in the hot plate test. However, N-methylanilinoethyl 1-(N-methylanilinoethyl)-3-indolylacetate (7) was the most active one in the phenyl-p-benzoquinone induced writhing test, which indicates that 7 has a peripheral analgesic effect.
Analgesics↗
[Nasal chemoreception in utero: preliminary experiences in fetal sheep].
Intranasal injections of a fragrant solution of 2-methyl-2-thiazoline elicited significant heart rate decelerations in late pregnancy fetal sheep, while the injection of a control fluid (isotonic saline) had no effect. This result indicates that the ovine fetuses are able to detect nasally administered odorants, as previously demonstrated in the fetuses of murine rodents.
Administration, Intranasal↗
Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of indole carboxylic acids and esters.
1-Phenylalkylindole-3-carboxylic acids 1-4, indole-1-acetic acids/esters 5-10 and the hydrazones 11-15 were prepared and submitted to the rat paw edema test using carrageenin. In the first two groups of compounds, the 2-chloro indoles were more active than the corresponding indole derivatives. In the third group the activity seemed to be determined largely by the substituent at the 1-position.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
Metyrapone and adrenal response in stressed calves.
The effects on some hematochemical stress indices of previously administered metyrapone (750 mg given orally six times every 4 hours) were evaluated in calves submitted to simulated transport for 30 min. The plasma cortisol increases were significantly lower than those observed in untreated calves of the same age, sex and breed. Plasma adrenaline and NEFA increased similarly in both groups of calves during simulated transport and were unaffected by metyrapone administration. The results indicate that in cattle, as in other animals, metyrapone inhibits cortisol biosynthesis. Under our experimental conditions, the rise of NEFA, a well known stress index, seems mainly to be related to adrenaline release.
Adrenal Cortex↗
Insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulates corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin secretion into hypophysial portal blood of conscious, unrestrained rams.
Insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) is a strong stimulator of pituitary ACTH secretion. The mechanisms by which IIH activates the corticotrophs are still controversial. Indeed, in rats the variations of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion in hypophysial portal blood (HPB) during IIH have been diversely appreciated. This may be due to the stressful conditions required for portal blood collection in rats. We studied the effects of IIH on the secretion of CRF and AVP in HPB and on the release of ACTH and cortisol in peripheral plasma in conscious, unrestrained, castrated rams. After the injection of a low (0.2 IU/kg) or high dose (2 IU/kg) of insulin, ACTH and cortisol levels in peripheral plasma increased in a dose-related manner. After injection of the low dose of insulin, CRF and AVP secretion in HPB were equally stimulated. After injection of the high dose of insulin, CRF secretion was further stimulated, while AVP release was dramatically increased. These results suggest that when the hypoglycemia is moderate, CRF is the main factor triggering ACTH release, and that the increased AVP secretion potentiates the stimulatory effect of CRF. When hypoglycemia is deeper, AVP secretion becomes predominant and may by itself stimulate ACTH release.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and GnRH antagonists do not alter endogenous GnRH secretion in short-term castrated rams.
The administration of GnRH agonists and antagonists suppresses pituitary LH secretion. However little is known about their effects on endogenous GnRH secretion. To determine if GnRH analogs act on GnRH secretion through a short or ultrashort loop feedback mechanism, experiments were performed to analyze GnRH secretion in hypophyseal portal blood of conscious short-term castrated rams under both agonist or antagonist treatment. In Study 1, six rams were castrated and surgically prepared for portal blood collection on day -7. Portal and peripheral blood were collected simultaneously every 10 min for 14-15 h on day 0. Five hours after the beginning of the portal blood collection, animals were injected im with 5 mg potent GnRH antagonist (Nal-Glu). In Study 2, six rams were treated daily from day -11 to day 0 with the GnRH agonist D-Trp6 GnRH (0.5 mg im). Castration and surgical preparation for portal blood collection were performed on day -7. On day 0 portal and peripheral blood were collected simultaneously every 10 min for 10-11 h. In both studies, to determine whether an increase in GnRH concentration in hypophyseal portal blood can overcome the inhibitory effect of the GnRH analogs, between 5 and 5.5 h after the injection of the analogs, endogenous GnRH secretion was stimulated by Naloxone administration (3 x 100 mg, iv, at 30-min intervals) followed by a bolus of exogenous GnRH (2 x 10 micrograms, iv at 30-min intervals). In Study 1, Nal-Glu administration led to a rapid cessation of pulsatile LH secretion for the duration of blood collection while GnRH pulse frequency and amplitude were not affected. GnRH and LH pulse frequency before and after Nal-Glu administration were, 6.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.8 (NS) and 5.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.2 pulses/6 h (P less than 0.001) respectively. In Study 2, peripheral LH secretion was completely suppressed while GnRH secretion (portal blood) remained pulsatile. GnRH pulses frequency and pulse amplitude were 4.3 +/- 0.3 pulses/6 h and 43.0 +/- 4.7 pg/ml, respectively. In both experiments, neither stimulation of endogenous GnRH secretion by naloxone nor administration of exogenous GnRH allowed reinitiation of LH secretion. However, additional studies in two animals of each treatment group (study-III) showed that this was clearly a dose related effect in antagonist treated but not in agonist-treated animals since higher doses of exogenous GnRH (i.e. 100 micrograms or 1000 micrograms) can increase significantly LH levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Evidence for LH-inhibiting activity in ovine peripheral and testicular blood.
Intracellular cyclic AMP and testosterone productions by purified mature rat Leydig cells were stimulated by oLH (25 micrograms/l) 18- and 12-fold, respectively, after a 5-h incubation period. The replacement of the incubation medium by charcoal-treated testicular venous plasma (40%, v/v) from adult rams in the breeding season induced an inhibition of cyclic AMP and testosterone productions (82 and 66%, respectively, of oLH-stimulated values). Testicular arterial plasma is less effective than testicular venous plasma, even when it originates from non-breeding season rams; in that case, testicular venous and arterial plasma strongly inhibit testosterone productions (84 and 67%, respectively of oLH-stimulated values), which probably indicates that the inhibitory activity is higher in the non-breeding season. The addition of peripheral plasma leads to a testosterone production equal to 35 and 65% of the oLH-stimulated values, respectively, for ram blood collected in non-breeding and breeding seasons. The same concentration of ovine testicular lymph or rete testis fluid is without significant effect on cyclic AMP production; however, testosterone is slightly decreased by lymph but enhanced by rete testis fluid. Increasing amounts of venous or arterial testicular blood induce a dose-related decrease of the specific binding of labelled hCG in both rat and ram testicular membranes. This inhibiting factor is present in peripheral and testicular blood of either control or hypophysectomized or castrated rams, is a protein in nature, heat-sensitive, and has an apparent molecular weight higher than 10,000 daltons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Aprotinin in cardiosurgery: a randomized prospective study with different protocols for use].
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Aprotinin↗
Potential antitumor agents XVII (1). Cytotoxic agents from indole derivatives and their intermediates.
New indole derivatives and their intermediates were tested as cytotoxic agents on a culture of P388 leukemia cells. The aldehyde 2a was more active than the thiosemicarbazones 3a, b and the nitrosourea 14. The chloroacetyl derivatives 10, 11 were the most potent cytotoxic agents.
Animals↗