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Biomedical subjects

A Lind

Publications and source records attributed to A Lind.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

An evaluation of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionation method for the production of Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test preparations. I. Production, physiochemical characterization and serological analyses.

As a part of a cooperative inter-laboratory WHO supported project raw tuberculins were produced and purified protein derivative (PPD, 18.7 g protein) was prepared. Employing a multistage preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method the PPD was separated into four fractions corresponding to 15, 7, 4.75 and 3.5% gel concentrations. The PAGE procedure resulted in three lots of material--each representing 11 electrophoretic runs. Immunodiffusion analyses showed that the largest number of precipitinogens was found in the 15% fractions and that some precipitinogens cross-reacted with preparations of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. smegmatis and M. vaccae.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

An evaluation of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionation method for the production of Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test preparations. II. Comparative skin testing on guinea-pigs.

As part of a cooperative inter-laboratory WHO supported project for the fractionation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test preparations, four fractions (designated 15, 7, 4.75 and 3.5%) were evaluated by comparative skin tests on sensitized guinea-pigs. The 7% fraction was the most potent in both homologously and heterologously sensitized animals, and the 4.75% and 3.5% gel fractions showed the lowest activity. Significant levels of cross-reactivity in guinea-pigs immunized with M. bovis BCG, M. kansasii, M. avium and M. intracellulare were demonstrated for all fractions examined, thus reflecting the antigenic relationships among these mycobacteria. These four fractions may qualify as starting material for further studies aiming at a reduction of skin test cross-reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A carrier method for the assessment of the effectiveness of disinfectants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A method for testing the effect of disinfectants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed using glass slide carriers contaminated with Myco. tuberculosis from spleens of guinea-pigs. The method was found to be useful although a greater number of colony forming units, permitting calculation of a reduction factor in the range of 10(5), is desirable. In tests with various disinfectants, alcohols were the most effective agents against Myco. tuberculosis.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1985

Selectivity of the uptake of glutamate and GABA in two morphologically distinct insect neuromuscular synapses.

The common inhibitor (CI) and slow excitor tibiae (SETi) innervated slow muscles 135cd of the locust Schistocerca gregaria were incubated under high-affinity uptake conditions either in [3H]GABA or in [3H]glutamate. [3H]GABA is accumulated in the glia of the nerve endings of the CI as well as the SETi; however, it is accumulated only in the terminal axons of the CI, not in the terminal axons of the SETi. The grain densities above the glia and above the CI terminal axons are approximately 2 grains/micron2. After incubation in [3H]glutamate the grain densities above the CI terminal axons and the SETi terminal axons are approximately 4 grains/micron2; the grain densities above the glia of both types of nerve endings are approximately 17 grains/micron2. The relatively high labeling (3 grains/micron2) of the muscles after incubation in the presence of glutamate is ascribed to the high metabolic requirements of slow muscles. The conclusion is drawn that a high-affinity uptake system for GABA is present in the CI terminal axons and in the glia of both the CI and SETi nerve endings. However, while the glutamate uptake in the CI and SETi nerve endings of the slow 135cd is comparable to the high-affinity uptake of glutamate in the fast excitor tibiae (FETi) nerve endings of the fast retractor unguis muscle, a high-affinity uptake of glutamate was only demonstrated in the glia of both types of nerve endings. A high-affinity uptake in the terminal axons of the CI and SETi may be masked by an extensively low-affinity uptake of glutamate by the muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dexamethasone affects radioactive choline uptake in rat diaphragm nerve endings and not in muscle fibres.

The initial rate of radioactive choline (Ch) uptake in the endplate-rich area (EPA) of both stimulated and unstimulated hemidiaphragms is significantly increased by 0.2 microM dexamethasone (Dex) in the presence of 10 microM Ch. In autoradiographs, the mean grain densities above the muscle fibres are not altered by Dex. The mean grain densities above the nerve endings are significantly increased in the presence of Dex in stimulated tissue, and slightly but not significantly increased in unstimulated tissue. There is a positive correlation between the initial rate of Ch uptake in the EPA and the amount of isotope in the nerve terminals, in the absence and presence of Dex. Without correcting for the large amount of diffusion which occurs, the ratio of the grain densities above the nerve terminals to that above the muscle fibres in the presence of Dex is 2.12 in stimulated tissue, and 1.40 in unstimulated tissue. The ratio in the stimulated tissue is significantly greater than the control ratio in the absence of Dex (1.66). Therefore, Dex affects radioactive Ch uptake in nerve endings and not in muscle fibres in the rat diaphragm. The stimulation-induced increase in the uptake of isotope into the nerve endings is abolished in a Na+-depleted medium, and in the absence of Ca2+. Dex has no effect on this abolition. We conclude that relatively low concentrations of Dex affect Ch transport in rat diaphragm nerve endings by a mechanism as yet to be defined.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of the glutamate uptake in the excitatory neuromuscular synapse of the locust by delta-philanthotoxin; a component of the venom of the solitary wasp Philanthus triangulum F. A high resolution autoradiographic study.

Glutamate uptake in insect neuromuscular junctions is inhibited by delta-philanthotoxin. Two other components of the philanthus venom (beta- and gamma-philanthotoxin) do not affect this glutamate uptake. No synergism between the active delta-philanthotoxin and the two inactive components had to be assumed to explain the inhibition by the Philanthus venom.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mycolic acid patterns of representatives of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

The mycolic acids of 15 cultures of representative Mycobacterium bovis BCG substrains were examined by alkaline hydrolysis followed by esterification and thin-layer chromatography of the resulting methyl esters. Representatives of the Moreau and Swedish substrains had mycolic acid patterns similar to M. bovis, composed of alpha-mycolates, methoxymycolates and ketomycolates, but examples of the Pasteur, Glaxo, Prague, Danish and Chinese substrains did not contain methoxymycolates. This apparent subdivision of M. bovis BCG substrains is in accordance with their varying antigenic patterns recorded in other studies.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1984

Radioactive choline uptake in the isolated rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. A biochemical and autoradiographic study.

When hemidiaphragms are stimulated via the phrenic nerve in the presence of 10 microM radioactive choline (Ch), the rate of radioactive Ch uptake in the endplate-rich area (EPA) is greater than that in the endplate-poor muscle (M). Ch uptake in the EPA is temperature-dependent, with a Q10 of 2.9 and an activation energy of 19.5 kcal/mol. It is inhibited in a Na+-depleted medium, in the absence of Ca2+, and by 10-20 microM hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and it is not inhibited by alpha-bungarotoxin even when the muscle is completely paralyzed. In the absence of stimulation the rate of uptake in the EPA is slightly, but not significantly, greater than in M. Using autoradiography, we find an enhanced amount of isotope in the nerve terminals and their immediate vicinities compared with the muscle fibres, in both stimulated and unstimulated hemidiaphragms. There is no enhanced uptake of isotope into the nerve terminals in stimulated tissues in the presence of 26 microM HC-3. The uptake of isotope into the muscle is not altered by any of these treatments. There is a positive correlation between the initial rate of radioactive Ch uptake in the EPA and the amount of isotope in the nerve terminals (the mean corrected grain density above the nerve terminals). Without correcting for the large amount of diffusion that occurs, the ratio of the grain density above the synapses to that above the muscle fibres is 1.66 in tissue stimulated at 1 Hz, 1.04 in stimulated tissues in the presence of 26 microM HC-3, and 1.31 in unstimulated tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A comparative investigation of reactivity to tuberculin using a multiple-puncture technique (the Monotest) and the Mantoux test.

A percutaneous, multiple-puncture method for the testing of tuberculin reactivity called Monotest (Mérieux) was compared with the conventional, intracutaneous, Mantoux test in 182 schoolchildren (14 years of age) and 338 adults. Correspondence of reactivity was observed in 84 and 85% respectively. These results indicate that the Monotest could be used to select schoolchildren for BCG-vaccination in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparative study of Danish (Statens Seruminstitut), Glaxo and Behringwerke vaccines--revaccination of schoolchildren.

Three BCG vaccines were studied for their capacity to evoke tuberculin reactivity and local reactions at revaccination. The vaccines were produced by Statens Seruminstitut in Denmark (vaccine based on the Danish strain 1331), by the Glaxo Laboratories in England (vaccine based on the British strain 1077) and by the Behringwerke in the Federal Republic of Germany (vaccine based on the Danish strain 1331). The study comprised three independent trials (in Gothenburg, Umeå-Skellefteå and Stockholm) in children aged 14-15 years who had been vaccinated with BCG at birth. A total of 2997 children were vaccinated. In the Gothenburg areas tuberculin tests (2 TU PPD RT23) were performed 6-7 weeks after vaccination. Of the children vaccinated with the Danish vaccine 98% developed a tuberculin induration of greater than 6 mm. The mean size of induration was 11.4 mm. The corresponding figures for the Glaxo vaccine were 98% and 13.4 mm, and for the Behringwerke vaccine 76% and 8.0 mm. Open lesions 6-7 weeks after vaccination were reported in 4% of the children vaccinated with Danish vaccine (mean diameter of lesion 4.0 mm) and in 8% vaccinated with the Glaxo vaccine (mean diameter of lesion 4.6 mm) while none vaccinated with the Behringwerke vaccine showed open lesions. On the basis of the results obtained in our investigation as well as in other studies reported in the BCG literature, the authors concluded that the Danish and the Glaxo vaccines at present appear suitable vaccines for use in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Structural analyses of E. coli 5S RNA fragments, their associates and complexes with proteins L18 and L25.

The structure of Escherichia coli 5S RNA fragments 1-41 and 42-120 has been studied by the read-off gel sequencing technique using S1 nuclease and cobra venom RNase as probes. Comparison of the digestion patterns with those of reassociated and intact 5S RNA suggests that the structure of both fragments is very similar to that of the corresponding regions in the intact molecule. Six different fragments obtained by partial digestion with T1 RNase and S1 nuclease have been used for reconstitution of 5S RNA, its certain structural regions and complexes with ribosomal proteins L18 and L25 recognizes the double-helix consisting of nucleotides 79-97 (i.e. prokaryotic stem), whereas a loop-region around position 40 (possible positions 39-47) is involved in the interaction with protein L18.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1981

Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice (DGL) and the renewal of rat stomach epithelium.

Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice (DGL) stimulated proliferation in the forestomach of the rat but did not stimulate and possibly even inhibited proliferation in the glandular part. DGL increased the number of fundus glands in which labelled mucus secreting cells occur as well as the total number of labelled mucus cells per gland. The mechanism of action proposed for DGL is that DGL stimulates and/or accelerates the differentiation to glandular cells as well as mucus formation and secretion. The accelerated proliferation observed in the forestomach is ascribed to an improved environment in the stomach as a consequence of the enhanced mucus secretion under the influence of DGL.

Animals↗