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Biomedical subjects

A Lichtenstein

Publications and source records attributed to A Lichtenstein.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Regulation of cytotoxic reactivity to minor histocompatibility antigens by administration of Corynebacterium parvum.

B10.BR(H-2k) mice were primed with H-2-identical allogeneic CBA/J(H-2k) spleen cells and restimulated in vitro 14 days later to generate specific secondary cytotoxic lymphocytes. A single intravenous injection of primed mice with 700 micrograms of Corynebacterium parvum 7 days after alloimmunization markedly inhibited the subsequent secondary in vitro generation of cytotoxic cells. In addition, regulatory spleen cells were detected in alloimmunized C-parvum-injected mice that prevented the restimulation of primed control spleen cells. Suppressive activity could not be abrogated by treating regulatory cells with anti-theta antibody and complement or by removing phagocytic cells, but it was overcome by treatment with mitomycin C. Unfractionated regulatory cells suppressed responses in an antigen nonspecific fashion. However, cells remaining after carbonyl and iron treatment (nonphagocytic) could no longer suppress responses to third party alloantigens while maintaining significant suppression of anti-CBA responses. These data suggest the generation of two distinct suppressor cell types that can control the cytotoxic response to minor histocompatibility antigens: an antigen-nonspecific phagocytic cell and an antigen specific nonphagocytic, non-theta-bearing cell.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of natural killer cell activity by a soluble substance released by rat peritoneal cells.

We describe here a soluble substance released by nonadherent cells from the peritoneal cavity of W/Fu rats that markedly inhibits the activity of mouse, rat, and human natural killer (NK) cells. The NK-inhibiting substance (NK-IS) has low molecular weight (less than 1000), is heat resistant (100 degrees for 15 min), and is insensitive to nonspecific proteases. NK-IS is produced in the presence of indomethacin (1 to 10 micrograms/ml), suggesting it is not prostaglandin. The inhibitory effect was seen on unstimulated as well as on cells activated in vivo or in vitro by Corynebacterium parvum. The activity of cells mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (K-cells) was also inhibited by NK-IS although to a lesser degree. In sharp contrast, the substance had little effect on lysis mediated by murine or human cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Production of NK-IS from rat peritoneal cells was significantly greater than by spleen cells. since the peritoneal cavity is relatively deficient in base-line NK activity compared to spleen, these data suggest that NK-IS may play an in vivo role in the expression of NK cytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of different fractions of Corynebacterium parvum on the cytotoxic T-cell response to alloantigens in mice.

The effects of several biochemically derived fractions of Corynebacterium parvum and chemically treated intact organisms on the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) were assessed in a tumor allograft model with the use of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. The acid-modified, active and inactive fragmented preparations and pyridine extract and residue were all capable of inhibiting primary spleen cell allocytotoxicity. Only the active fragmented, pyridine residue and unfractionated preparations caused splenomegaly and prevented the secondary in vitro generation of CTL. Periodate treatment, acid modification, and pyridine extraction abrogated the ability of C. parvum to activate suppressor macrophages. Although incapable of activating suppressor macrophages, the phenol and pyridine extracts significantly enhanced suppressor T-cell activity. The effect of whole C. parvum organisms on T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is thus extremely complex and due to the direct activation or inhibition of various cell types that interact with each other.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immunoblastic sarcoma of T-cell versus B-cell origin: I. Clinical features.

Within the Lukes-Collins classification system of malignant lymphoma, a tumor of large transformed lymphocytes, termed immunoblastic sarcoma (IBS), is described. This morphological type would have been included within the "histiocytic" category of Rappaport. Immunoblastic sarcoma may be of B-lymphocytic or T-lymphocytic origin. Since differences or similarities of these two variants have not yet been described, we reviewed the case histories of 35 such patients, all of whom had immunologic marker studies performed. Nineteen patients had T-cell IBS (T-IBS), whereas 16 had B-cell IBS (B-IBS). Median age for both groups was approximately 50 yr. A history of prior immune disorder was found in 31% of B-IBS and 16% of T-IBS cases. Prior lymphoproliferative malignancy was noted in 21% of T-IBS and 13% of B-IBS patients. All T-IBS patients first presented because of lymphadenopathy, whereas 56% of B-IBS cases initially presented because of extranodal disease. Systemic "B" symptoms were common in both. Similarly, most patients had widespread disease (stage III or IV) at diagnosis. Clinically suspected hepatic (p = 0.05) and retroperitoneal node (p = 0.01) involvement were more often found in T-IBS. Forty-one percent of T-IBS patients demonstrated polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, a finding seen in no B-IBS patient (p = 0.02). Although not statistically significant because of small numbers of patients, data on therapy and survival suggest that IBS of B-cell type may be successfully treated with aggressive, multiagent chemotherapy, while alternative approaches appear warranted in T-cell disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of immune derangements in patients with different malignancies.

Immune function was evaluated in 109 patients with carcinoma of the breast, bladder, head and neck, and lung. Patients with head and neck cancer showed the most profound derangements of immune function; patients with lung cancer showed no detectable abnormalities. Non-irradiated patients with disseminated head and neck cancer had significantly depressed lymphocyte counts (mean 1357/mm3, P less than .05), E-rosette forming cells (mean 770/mm3, P less than .05), and response to phytohemagglutinin (P less than .05) as compared to controls. This immunodeficiency was detected in patients with localized as well as advanced disease. Although significant differences were noted between patients with head and neck cancer and the other tumors, these differences were minimized by radiation therapy. All irradiated patients showed comparable degrees of immune dysfunction. Absolute Fc-receptor cells were depressed in all irradiated patients and in non-irradiated patients with disseminated breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Immunoglobulin quantitation was performed on pretherapy sera from 120 patients who had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an attempt to correlate abnormalities with histologic cell type and pattern. Patients with diffuse lymphomas had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher levels of IgG and IgA than patients with follicular lymphomas. Furthermore, polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia was overall more common than hypoimmunoglobulinemia, and abnormally high immunoglobulin levels were most frequently found in patients who had diffuse histologic patterns. The highest values were associated with either lymphomas composed of T (thymus-derived) cells or large B (bursa-derived) cells. The incidence of quantitative immunoglobulin abnormalities in patients with T-cell lymphomas was comparable with that in patients with B-cell lymphomas. These abnormalities in the former group of patients were exclusively above the normal range, whereas they were equally above and below the normal range in the latter group. The frequent polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia in patients with T-cell lymphomas may be related to the pathophysiology of these lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical and immunologic spectrum of plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma without serum monoclonal IgM.

As first suggested by Lukes & Collins (1975), and recently confirmed in the literature, the pathological lesion associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia can be found in patients with serum IgG or IgA monoclonal proteins. To expand upon the clinical and immunologic spectrum of this lesion, we reviewed the records of 12 patients with identical tumour morphology, though lacking an IgM paraprotein. The median age of the patients was 62 years. In five patients the tumour secreted monoclonal IgG, while one secreted monoclonal IgA. One patient had normal serum protein electrophoresis, although monoclonal light chains were demonstrated on urinary protein electrophoresis. The remaining patients had no detectable monoclonal protein. Marker studies demonstrated the B cell origin of tumour, these findings were consistent with the monoclonal protein secreted. Clinically, these cases varied, from peripheral blood involvement resembling chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, to typical lymphomatous processes, to presentations resembling multiple myeloma, reflecting the similarity of all of these conditions as varying expressions of neoplasia of the B cell system.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Peripheral blood lymphocyte receptors for B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL).

Because interactions between B cells and T lymphoyctes are of fundamental importance in the generation of the immune response to most antigens, we attempted to identify the cells capable of binding B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL), their tissue distribution, and their presence in other species. Cells bearing a surface receptor for B-LCL were found in human peripheral blood, tonsil, and bone marrow, as well as mouse and rat spleen. Binding cells were phenotypically heterogeneous. The majority are T cells as defined by their ability to bind sheep red blood cells (E-rosettes). However, a subpopulation of non-T-lymphocytes were capable of binding B-LCL. This was demonstrated by depleting T cells with an E-rosette centrifugation technique and then performing a double rosette assay. The wide distribution of T lymphocytes with receptors for B-lymphoblastoid cells within peripheral lymphoid organs and their presence in several species suggest that these surface molecules may represent one of the means by which T cells and B cells interact in the induction of the immune response to T-dependent antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunoblastic sarcoma: a clinical description.

We reviewed the clinical records of 33 patients with Immunoblastic Sarcoma in order to further describe this disease clinically. Several common features were found. Thirty percent of the patients had a history of a prior immune disease or lymphoproliferative malignancy. Forty-four percent of the patients tested had a diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia. Lymphopenia (less than 1,000/mm3) was found in 45%, and anemia occurred in 73%. At initial presentation, 30% of the cases were clinically staged as either stage I or II, whereas 70% were found to be stage III or IV. Forty-nine percent of the patients had systemic symptoms at presentation. The median survival was 14 months. Advanced stage of disease, lymphopenia, and presence of systemic symptomatology were associated with significantly decreased survival times (p less than .05). We conclude that IBS is a clinical entity often associated with prior immune disease and/or diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidental hypothermia: glycemic, hematologic and blood amylase changes].

In twenty patients with accidental hypothermia the plasma levels of amylase and glucose, hematologic aspects, and the response to the treatment were studied. The treatment was made at the Intensive Care Unit of the Medical Division of the Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data showed that high levels of serum amylase without clinical manifestations may be observed in accidental hypothermia. Hyperglycemia was more frequently observed than hypoglycemia. Patients with body temperature lower than 30 degrees C may show leukopenia which returns to normal values when the temperature is corrected. The pneumonia and sepsis were the causes of death in accidental hypothermia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Esophageal perforation caused by tracheal intubation].

Esophageal perforation is an unusual complication of tracheal intubation caused by technical error. Its diagnosis is easily made which is very important since it requires prompt treatment. A case observed in the emergency room of our training hospital is reported. The patient recovered with adequate measures.

Esophageal Perforation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Catatonic syndrome caused by autoimmune disease: spontaneous remission].

The psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases, which may precede by many years systemic involvement, should be held in mind by both the internist and psychiatrist. This case report focuses on a female catatonic patient without metabolic disturbances, whose evolution did not suggest a schizophrenic disorder. Immune complexes were demonstrated to be present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained during psychotic crisis and immunologic tests showed circulating immune complexes with a positive antinuclear factor. (1/800) and a nucleolar pattern with immunofluorescence. The psychiatric picture receded concomitantly with a fall in CSF immune complexes and with an increase in circulating immune complexes, without the administration of immunosuppressive drugs. The catatonic syndrome is a rare manifestation in patients with autoimmune disease and few cases have been reported without systemic manifestation. This report emphasizes the need for increased awareness of the psychiatric effects brought about by autoimmune diseases and shows that CSF immune complexes are valuable markers for their diagnosis.

Adult↗