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Biomedical subjects

A Levy

Publications and source records attributed to A Levy.

537 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Glenohumeral translation in the asymptomatic athlete's shoulder and its relationship to other clinically measurable anthropometric variables.

To determine the degree of shoulder translation in uninjured athletes, we examined 76 Division I collegiate athletes (44 women and 32 men) for passive range of motion in both shoulders and for knee and elbow hyperextension. Translation was based on a scale of 0 to 3+. Shoulders with symptoms of pain or a history of instability or dislocation were excluded from this study. Forty-six shoulders had 0 anterior translation, 75 had 1+, and 31 had 2+. Thirteen shoulders had 0 posterior translation, 56 had 1+, and 83 had 2+. Thirty-eight shoulders had 0 inferior translation, 105 had 1+, and 9 had 2+. No shoulder had translation of 3+ in any direction. Twenty-four athletes, 12 men and 12 women, had translational asymmetry of a minimum of one grade in at least one direction. No shoulder was asymmetric in all three directions. There was a significant correlation between dominant hand and increased translation; 19 of 24 athletes with asymmetric shoulders had greater translation in the nondominant extremity. There was no relationship between translation and range of motion, knee or elbow hyperextension, thumb-to-forearm distance, or years spent in sports participation. Asymmetry of shoulder translation may exist in the normal shoulder. This review shows that up to 2+ translation in any direction cannot be considered abnormal.

Elbow Joint↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of 0.1% halcinonide with 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate in the treatment of acute and chronic dermatoses.

A 4-week, bilateral, controlled study was carried out in 53 patients with various acute and chronic dermatoses to compare the effectiveness of 0.1% halcinonide in a water-miscible base, applied once daily, with 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate cream applied twice daily. Patients' response to treatment was assessed at the end of each week. Halcinonide proved to be equally as effective as betamethasone dipropionate in most and superior in some patients with psoriasis, lichen chronicus simplex, and atopic and neurodermatitis. There was also a prompt response to once daily treatment with halcinonide in patients with contact dermatitis, eczema of the hands, and more serious cases of eczema nummulare and allergic skin reactions, many of whom had failed to respond to previous topical steroid therapy. Both preparations were well tolerated and side-effects were noted in only 1 patient with psoriasis whose condition was aggravated by halcinonide. Only 3 patients had a relapse during the 1-month follow-up period after treatment was stopped.

Acute Disease↗
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Compensation neurosis rides again.

Compensation neurosis (CN), also known as accident neurosis, has generally not been considered to be a 'real' disorder. In 1961 it was seemingly laid to rest by Henry Miller, a distinguished neurologist, in a sharp article which appeared in the British Medical Journal. Miller's view of patients who presented psychological symptoms following accidents or traumas was suspicious. Compensated or not, his view seemed to be that they should have their legal process finished as quickly as possible and then they will miraculously convalescence. Miller's work, it appeared, was the coup de grâce for this ill-defined diagnosis. Today, however, compensation neurosis seems to ride again. After a prolonged silence in the psychiatric literature, new papers are emerging, strongly suggesting that this vanishing diagnosis be reconsidered. This new trend will be presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diet and fatty acids: can fish substitute for fish oil?

As fish oil has been shown to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis and in psoriasis, we examined whether a diet rich in fish has a similar effect on membrane and plasma lipids as a dietary fish oil supplement. Volunteers recruited by 2 rheumatology units in Switzerland formed three parallel groups eating respective diets during 2 months: a normal diet without fish; a normal diet including 700 g fish per week; a normal diet without fish but with additional fish oil (7.5 g daily). As outcome measures we determined the lipid composition of platelet-rich plasma, the serum cholesterol and triglycerides before the study and after 1 and 2 months of the designated diet. The relative amounts of both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly in the fish oil group and in the group with the fish diet; no change was seen in the control group. The effect on triglycerides, which were low at the beginning of the study, was minor and no change in cholesterol was seen. In conclusion, 4 to 6 meals with fish per week without any other dietary changes can induce similar changes in lipids as a supplement of fish oil.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal cell carcinoma: analysis of 31 cases with assessment of endocrine therapy.

Thirty-one patients with locally extensive and metastatic renal cell carcinoma were observed over an eight year period. At onset of the disease, symptoms due to metastatic deposits were the most frequent mode of presentation, followed by manifestation of local tumor growth (hematuria, flank pain or palpable mass) and paraneoplastic syndromes. Hormonal therapy with testosterone propionate, a progestational agent or both was assessed in 21 cases. Five instances of tumor regression, two involving recalcification of lytic osseous metastases, were documented. Endocrine studies to elucidate possible mechanisms of hormonal effectiveness were carried out in seven cases. Median survival from diagnosis was ten months. Following the rapid early mortality, a very gradual decrease in survival occurred, with 25% alive at ten years. Factors influencing survival include the duration of the interval between diagnosis of the primary tumor and appearance of metastases and the association of certain paraneoplastic syndromes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socioeconomic differences among people with AIDS: results from a Multistate Surveillance Project.

To characterize the socioeconomic status of persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 11 U.S. state and city health departments interviewed 2,898 persons > or = 18 years of age reported with AIDS between June 1, 1990, and January 31, 1993. Among men who have sex with men, white men reported the lowest percentage (9%), and Central/South American (50%) and Mexican men (40%) reported the highest percentages not completing 12 years of school. Among intravenous drug users (IDUs), 35% of white men, 64% of black men, 67% of Puerto Rican men, 29% of white women, and 63% of black women had not completed 12 years of school. Overall, 77% of the men and 90% of the women were unemployed; we also found racial/ethnic differences by employment but to a lesser degree than differences in education. Among women, but not among men, differences in household income by race and ethnicity were marked; 76% of white and 91% of black female IDUs reported a household income of $10,000. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs must be targeted toward the educational level of the populations served, and HIV services must adapt to the financial circumstances of their clientele.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry during latent and active phases of normal labor.

Twenty healthy parturients in active labor were monitored with continuous wave Doppler to assess changes in uterine and umbilical velocity waveforms. Each case served as its own control. Tracings of fetal heart rate monitoring were normal in all patients. The analysis of the waveforms included the peak systolic/end-diastolic ratio for the umbilical circulation (umbilical artery), and the systolic minus diastolic velocity divided by systolic velocity (resistance index) was used as an indication of downstream resistance in the uterine arteries. Recordings from umbilical, left and right uterine arteries were obtained during various stages of progression of labor as indicated by Friedman's curve. In latent phase labor with intact membranes, as well as in three consecutive measurements throughout active phase labor until delivery, umbilical artery systolic/end-diastolic ratios, before, during and after contraction did not change--2.2 +/- 0.5, 2.3 +/- 0.6, 2.2 +/- 0.3 and 2.5 +/- 0.7 (NS). No changes in the resistance to flow in the left and right uterine arteries were recorded during both latent and active phases of labor--0.53 +/- 0.09, 0.52 +/- 0.1, 0.5 +/- 0.07, 0.56 +/- 0.07 (NS) and 0.59 +/- 0.1, 0.57 +/- 0.1, 0.56 +/- 0.1, 0.59 +/- 0.08 (NS), respectively. These results suggest stability of the fetal cardiovascular system ensuring continuous constant gas exchange process during labor, enabling most term fetuses to tolerate labor to a degree where minimal if any metabolic changes occur.

Adult↗
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Selective neurotoxicity induced by the ionophore lasalocid in rat dissociated cerebral cultures, involvement of the NMDA receptor/channel.

An in vitro model of dissociated cerebral cultures, prepared from prenatal 15-16-days rat fetuses, was used to further characterize the neurotoxic effects caused by the antibiotic ionophore lasalocid-X-537A. The damage caused by lasalocid (1-2 microM, 2-4 hr) included swelling of perikarya, followed by cytolysis of most neurons present in the cultures. The neuronal damage was dose-dependent, noticeable at concentrations above 0.5 microM, and was more pronounced in established cultures (14 days in vitro-DIV) than in younger ones (7 DIV). Unlike neurons, no damage was observed in glia and other non-neuronal cells present in the cultures by exposure to 2 microM lasalocid. Moreover, the drug was not toxic for cultures of rat astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. Another calcium ionophore A-23187 (calcimycin, 1 microM), destroyed both neuronal and non-neuronal cells within 1 hr. Ca2+ influx was increased by 140% in cultures exposed to lasalocid (1.5 microM). The lasalocid neurotoxic effects were neither inhibited by 10 microM nimodipine (a calcium channel antagonist) nor by 10 microM 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)(a non-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist), but were exclusively blocked by 10 microM MK-801 (a non-competitive NMDA receptor/channel antagonist). The neurotoxicity induced by lasalocid was further confirmed by measurements of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the media. Lasalocid (1.5 microM) induced the release of both LDH and arachidonic acid (AA) (by 8 and 4 fold of control values, respectively), and this was blocked by MK-801 but not by CNQX. These results are in according with the observations that activation of calcium influx through the NMDA receptor leads to activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and release of AA. In contrast, MK-801 did not block the release of either LDH or AA mediated by the calcium ionophore A-23187 (1 microM) in these cultures. [3H]-MK-801 binding to washed rat cortical membranes, a measure of direct interaction with the NMDA receptor/channel complex, was not affected by lasalocid either alone or in the presence of glutamate and glycine. [3H]-D-aspartate release, a measure of excitatory amino acid (EAA) secretion mediated by NMDA receptor activation, was increased by lasalocid and could be blocked by MK-801. These observations suggest that lasalocid induces selective neurotoxicity, which involves the NMDA receptor/channel complex, possibly indirectly, resulted in elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels and the subsequent glutamate or aspartate release.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatic amebiasis: an unusual clinical presentation].

BACKGROUND: Painful liver enlargement with fever are common signs of hepatic ambiasis. Exceptionally, atypical signs may also occur including symptoms suggesting renal sepsis. CASE REPORT: An 18-year-old woman from the New Caledonia was hospitalized in metropolitan France for suspected right-sided acute pyelonephritis. Urinalysis was normal and the kidney ultrasound suggested the need for an abdominal CT-scan which evidenced a voluminous 10-cm abscess pus. Serology for amebia was positive, confirming the diagnosis of hepatic amebic abscess. Outcome was rapidly favorable with intravenous anti-parasite treatment amebic abscess. Outcome was rapidly favorable with intravenous anti-parasite treatment and percutaneous drainage. DISCUSSION: Atypical signs of hepatic ambiasis may mislead diagnosis. The absence of a fetid odor at puncture helps guide diagnosis, confirmed by serology. Percutaneous drainage can hbe proposed for voluminous abscesses or if the risk of extrahepatic complications is eminent.

Adolescent↗