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Biomedical subjects

A Leonardi

Publications and source records attributed to A Leonardi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Nerve cell loss with aging in the putamen.

A significant correlation between age and decrease in the number of nerve cells has been found in the putamen. Both small and large cells in this nucleus were proportionally involved. A possible relationship with the outfall of cells in other structures of the brain, with which the putamen is connected, in order to balance the activity of the extrapyramidal system has been suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Reaction of ortho-ortho-dimethylphenacyl-halides with formamide. Formation of 4(5)-(ortho-ortho-dimethylbenzoyl)imidazoles].

Reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenacyl halides with formamide did not produce the expected 4(5)-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)imidazole, but 4(5)-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoyl)imidazole (VII) was isolated as the major product together with 5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxazole (III), alpha-formylamino-2,3,5,6-tetramethylacetophenone (IV) and alpha-chloro-beta-amino-vinyl 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl ketone (IX) as by-products. The corresponding mesitylene derivatives gave analogous results, whereas 4(5)-(2-methylphenyl)imidazole was obtained from 2-methylphenacyl bromide as expected according to the Bredereck's reaction. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated by element analysis, mass, I.R., U.V. and N.M.R. spectra, and by chemical reactivity.

Acetophenones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of pump compliance (peristaltic vs. infusion) on urodynamic measurement during cystometry in conscious rats.

Cystometry, employing natural or pump-induced bladder filling, is the most widely used method for studying bladder reflexes and micturition in conscious rats. However, discrepancies in basal values of urodynamic parameters are often reported, especially for micturition pressure. The aim of this study was to establish whether the type of pump used (peristaltic or infusion) might yield different urodynamic parameters. Differences between natural filling (evaluated in water-loaded animals and considered "physiological micturition") and pump-evoked cystometrograms, as well as the compliance of these systems, and the effects of pharmacologically diverse drugs (prazosin, oxybutynin, and naproxen) acting on the bladder voiding were evaluated. Micturition pressure recorded from pump-evoked cystometrograms showed differences from natural micturition that were related to the total compliance of the system (pump + tube) and not only to the nature of the pump used. Drug-induced changes of micturition pressure during natural micturition resembled those recorded during bladder infusion with a peristaltic pump more than those with an infusion pump. Other basal values and drug-induced changes of bladder capacity were the same during natural and pump-evoked micturition. The present findings indicate that cystometrographic parameters obtained during pump-evoked micturition with a system at high compliance (peristaltic pump) are equivalent to those observed during physiological micturition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To quantify the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in allergic conjunctivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tears and peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC, n=6), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC, n=12), and normal subjects (CT, n=12). From an additional six nonactive allergic patients, tears were collected before and after specific conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC). Upper tarsal conjunctival biopsies were obtained from five CT and five VKC patients. TNF-alpha in tears was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and identified in tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Tear TNF-alpha levels in VKC patients were significantly increased compared to CT (p=0.03), and were significantly correlated with the severity of the disease. No differences were found between SAC and CT tear samples. TNF-alpha serum levels were higher in VKC than CT, however, this difference was not statistically significant. After CAC, tear TNF-alpha levels were found increased in only one of six patients. In VKC tissues, TNF-alpha positive cells were significantly increased compared to CT (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: TNF-alpha may have a significant role in severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗