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Biomedical subjects

A Leger

Publications and source records attributed to A Leger.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immunological studies of autoimmune thyroid disorders: abnormalities in the inducer T cell subset and proliferative responses to autologous and allogeneic stimulation.

Various immunological parameters were investigated in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The total T cell numbers were significantly decreased in both diseases whether they were enumerated by E rosetting or by pan-T cell monoclonal antibodies (OKT3 and anti-Leu 1). This diminution was due to a loss in the inducer T cell subset (OKT4+/Leu 3a+) whereas the cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (OKT8+/Leu 2a+) were present at normal levels in both diseases. The B cells were significantly higher in GD patients than in controls but were not modified in HT patients. Monocyte percentages remained unchanged and DR+ cells were slightly increased in the two diseases. On the other hand, T lymphocyte responses to stimulation by autologous or allogeneic cells were significantly impaired in GD but not in HT whether cultures were performed in autologous plasma or AB serum. In addition, lymphocytes from normal subjects were unable to proliferate in auto- or allo-MLR in the presence of plasma from GD patients but they were reactive in the presence of HT plasma or AB serum. Taken together, these results suggest that the patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders exhibit a T cell imbalance within the OKT4+/Leu 3a+ subset. Moreover, this abnormality is correlated with the observation that autoreactive and alloreactive cells are defective in GD.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Motion sickness caused by rotations about Earth-horizontal and Earth-vertical axes.

Rotation at constant angular velocity about the head's Z-axis, with the rotational axis horizontal (barbecue-spit rotation), causes motion sickness and illusory perceptions of bodily movement. To determine whether such rotations about the head's X- and Y-axes cause similar effects, and to test the validity of the mismatch theory of motion sickness, more than 200 tests (using vertical axes as well as horizontal axes) were administered to 14 subjects. Three different visual conditions were also investigated: normal external vision, vision of only the inside walls of the rotating capsule, and eyes closed in the dark. In Earth-horizontal rotation, the X- and Y-axis stimuli were found to be equally as effective in provoking sickness as was the original Z-axis stimulus, and a comparable loss of perception of gravity occurred for all three stimuli. The horizontal axis stimuli were found to be very effective in producing sickness in all the three visual conditions, but the external vision condition was significantly less effective than the other two conditions. The findings were generally inconsistent with the mismatch theory.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimates of interdialytic sodium and water intake based on the balance principle: differences between nondiabetic and diabetic subjects on hemodialysis.

Whether salt or water intake is the primary cause of interdialytic weight gain (deltaW) has important implication for the design of measures to prevent large deltaW. In 17 hemodialysis patients dialyzed against a bath containing 140 mmol/L of sodium, monthly predialysis serum sodium was compared with post dialysis serum sodium. A decrease in serum sodium in the interdialytic period would indicate that primary water consumption accounts for at least part of the deltaW. Interdialytic sodium intake, isotonic fluid gain (deltaW(isotonic)) and net pure water gain (deltaWH2O) were calculated by balance formulae. Serum sodium concentration was corrected in diabetic subjects to the value corresponding to euglycemia (100 mg/dl). Estimated interdialytic sodium intake was compared with the prescribed sodium intake and, in seven subjects, to sodium intake estimated from dietary records. Results for nondiabetic subjects (N = 9): [Na]post 139.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/L, [Na]pre 140.1 +/- 2.1 mmol/L (NS), deltaW 1.15 +/- 0.55 L/24 hr, deltaW(isotonic) 1.33 +/- 0.57 L/24 hr, deltaWH2O -0.20 +/- 0.58 L/24 hr, estimated sodium intake 206 +/- 75 mmol/24 hr, prescribed sodium intake 121 +/- 29 mmol/24 hr (p = 0.028). Results for diabetic subjects (N = 7): [Na]post 140.1 +/- 2.5 mmol/L, [Na]pre 137.7 +/- 3.1 mmol/L (p < 0.01), deltaW 1.26 +/- 0.38 L/24 hr, deltaW(isotonic) 0.59 +/- 0.63 L/24 hr, deltaWH2O 0.66 +/- 0.39 L/24 hr, estimated sodium intake 160 +/- 81 mmol/24 hr, prescribed sodium intake 124 +/- 30 mmol/24 hr (NS), glycosylated hemoglobin 9.7 +/- 2.8% (normal, 4.1-5.7%). In seven subjects, estimates of sodium intake from balance formulae (233 +/- 113 mmol/24 hr) were not different from estimates from dietary records (212 +/- 87 mmol/24 hr). Sodium intake accounted for all the interdialytic weight gain in nondiabetic subjects. In diabetic patients, only approximately half of the interdialytic weight gain was accounted for by sodium intake. The other half was due to pure water gain, probably caused by hyperglycemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Paradoxical effects of iodine overload on thyroid function].

Any chronic iodine overload resulting from long term ingestion of a medication or the administration of a non-resorbable contrast medium, may result in a goitre with or without hypothyroidism, and in particular in patients with a past history of thyroid disease. By contrast, the administration of iodine is no longer indicated in the treatment of enedmic goitres since the hypothesis of an iodine deficiency in the pathogenesis of such goitres may be excluded in most countries, and in particular western countries, and the risk of the development of thyrotoxicosis in such patients is not negligeable. It would thus be desirable that iodine no longer be used in the composition of medications when its presence is not indispensalbe and where, furthermore, it may contribute to developement of an increasingly disturbing iatrogenic complication.

Aged↗