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Biomedical subjects

A Laugier

Publications and source records attributed to A Laugier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in early stage Hodgkin's disease.

A multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors was carried out with a Cox model on 1,139 patients with clinical Stage I + II Hodgkin's disease included in three controlled clinical trials. The following indicators had been prospectively registered: age, sex, systemic symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), number and sites of involved lymph node areas, histologic type, clinical stage, pattern of presentation, results of staging laparotomy when performed, as well as the date and type of treatment. A linear logistic analysis showed that most of the indicators are interrelated. This emphasizes the necessity of a multivariate analysis in order to assess the independent influence of each of them. The two main prognostic indicators for relapse-free survival are systemic symptoms and/or ESR and number of involved areas. The only significant factor for survival after relapse is age. Sex has a small but significant influence on relapse-free survival. The relative influence of each indicator varies with the type of treatment and these variations may help in understanding the biologic significance of the indicators.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Metastatic adenocarcinoma without known primary].

Metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin is a common and severe condition. Systematic extensive investigative procedures are time consuming and largely unproductive. On the hand, some primary cancers for which specific and effective treatment is available should be looked for routinely. Recent results of chemotherapy are reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Alcohol, immunity and cancer].

The immunological equilibrium is greatly affected by the ingestion of alcohol and this could possibly be a cancerogenic mechanism. This hypothesis not been yet tested experimentally. This paper reviews the circumstantial evidence which does not allow any definitive conclusions.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1984

Invasive carcinoma of the thymus. A multicenter retrospective review of 56 cases.

This multicenter retrospective study included 56 cases of histologically reviewed invasive epithelial thymic tumors. All these patients underwent surgical treatment or exploration and were referred for complementary radiotherapy. The majority received a dose higher than 4000 rad. Twenty-three out of 50 patients (46%) with incomplete resection received some chemotherapy. The local recurrence rate at 2 yr was 34%. The overall 5-yr actuarial survival was 46%. There was no evidence of any relationship between radiation dose and local control. No difference in survival was observed with or without chemotherapy, nor according to histological type or lymphocytic infiltration, except cases with very undifferentiated carcinomas which presented a worse prognosis. Nor was any difference in survival observed between patients benefiting from incomplete resection and those only having undergone exploratory thoracotomy and biopsy. Radiotherapy seems to decrease the rate of local recurrence in invasive carcinoma of the thymus. The role of chemotherapy is still debatable, but it could have a role in decreasing tumor volume before radiotherapy. This study has shown the necessity of histological review by a panel of histopathologists in an attempt to better define terminology and diagnosis. A prospective study is necessary in order to solve the problems of concepts and management in epithelial thymic tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Adrenocorticotropic hormone in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

A double-blind trial to evaluate the antiemetic effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in patients treated with cisplatin was performed. Thirty-seven adults with advanced cancer who were treated with cisplatin were randomly assigned to receive either synthetic long-acting ACTH (1 mg IM given 24 hours, 12 hours, and immediately preceding the administration of cisplatin) or a placebo given under the same conditions. All of the patients received chlorpromazine (50 mg IM) 30 minutes before cisplatin infusion. Patients receiving ACTH and chlorpromazine had significantly fewer episodes of vomiting (p less than 0.01) and shorter periods of nausea (p less than 0.02) than patients receiving placebo and chlorpromazine. Patients receiving ACTH and chlorpromazine were significantly more comfortable than patients receiving placebo and chlorpromazine. No important side effects were observed. ACTH may be an effective agent in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

[Cardiac complications of radiotherapy].

Radiotherapy is an effective tool in the treatment of thoracic cancers. However, radiotherapy also carries a risk of severe cardiac complications. The cancers most commonly concerned are Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (90 per cent of cases), breast cancers, especially on the left side (4 per cent) and bronchogenic cancers (2 per cent). Ionizing radiation can damage the three layers of the heart and the coronary arteries. Pericardial involvement is the most frequent, occurring in 10 to 12 per cent of cases. It generally occurs 6 to 18 months after the radiotherapy and may present either acutely (35 per cent of cases) or chronically (65 per cent of cases). It is often latent, only detected on X-rays or on ultrasound. Constrictive forms can occur, which require pericardiectomy. Myocardial fibrosis, which is anatomically common, may present as disturbances of repolarization, arrhythmia or disturbances of conduction, or even cardiac failure. Rarely, radiation damage of the coronary arteries can cause angina or myocardial infarction. These cases can benefit from coronary artery by-pass grafts. All of these lesions have a common anatomical denominator:fibrosis, which develops progressively following the radiotherapy. It has now been demonstrated that the incidence of cardiac radiation lesions can be reduced by homogeneous distribution of the dose of radiation administered to the mediastinum, by treating each side alternately, by fractionating the radiation and staggering the sessions and by reducing the cardiac mass which is irradiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Dose evaluation during radiographic examinations of the pelvis in pediatrics].

Dosimetry studies, employing a model, were conducted under the technical conditions established by one of the authors for exploration of the infant and child pelvis during diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. Based on this data, it was confirmed that the dose applied to the various organs of a patient can be evaluated by using a relation identical to that employed for calculating the dose during radiotherapy. The results measured experimentally or calculated from the proposed formula, were comparable to those in the published literature. This method of dose assessment is valid not only in pediatric radiology, and whatever the region explored, but also for radiodiagnosis in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The fate of cancellous bone grafts after irradiation (author's transl)].

It is often necessary to reconstruct the bony defects that result from the resection of bone tumours with cortico-cancellous bone grafts. In addition, post-operative radiotherapy is often given to prevent tumour recurrence. We have attempted to show that the rational use of radiotherapy after the insertion of a bone graft does not endanger the rehabilitation of the graft. We do not know of any clinical publication related to this subject. We are thus reporting eight cases of irradiated cortico-cancellous grafts which were given precise doses of irradiation and we have been able to draw the following conclusions: a) when doses of 4 000 Rads or less were given, there was no delay in graft consolidation, b) when doses of more than 6 000 Rads were used, graft rehabilitation was jeopardised. c) it is possible that 6 000 Rads given over a limited area will not endanger the graft but we have only one example. We have reviewed the literature concerning experimental studies on the progress of bone grafts, the effect of irradiation on normal bone and on cortico-cancellous grafts. The experiments have been performed must frequently in vitro and in vivo on small laboratory animals. The conclusions drawn from these studies agree with our clinical impressions: following irradiation the osteogenic activity of a cortico-cancellous graft and of normal bone are the same. They are subjected to the same risks and the same complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Not Available].

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France↗