[SVIR, the national intensive care registry. An important evaluation of expensive care].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
APACHE↗
Biomedical subjects
A Larsson
Publications and source records attributed to A Larsson.
[Normal pressure hydrocephalus. A condition of dementia, improved by shunt surgery].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Characterization of the binding of YO to [poly(dA-dT)]2 and [poly(dG-dC)]2, and of the fluorescent properties of YO and YOYO complexed with the polynucleotides and double-stranded DNA.
The interaction between the fluorescent dye YO (oxazole yellow) and the alternating polynucleotides [poly(dA-dT)]2 [the duplex of alternating poly(dA-dT)] and [poly(dG-dC)]2 [the duplex of alternating poly(dG-dC)] has been studied with optical spectroscopic techniques including absorbance, flow linear dichroism, CD, and fluorescence measurements. The principal features of the spectra are very similar for the two polynucleotide solutions, showing that YO binds quite similarly to AT and GC base pairs. From a strongly negative reduced linear dichroism (LDr) in the dye absorption band, an induced negative CD, and transfer of energy from the bases to bound YO, we conclude that at low mixing ratios YO is intercalated in both [poly(dA-dT)]2 and [poly(dG-dC)]2. At higher mixing ratios an external binding mode starts to contribute, evidenced from the appearance of an exciton CD. The conclusion that YO binds in a similar way to AT and GC base pairs should be valid also for the dimer YOYO since its YO units have been found to bind to double-stranded (dsDNA) in the same way as the YO monomer. The fluorescence properties of YO and YOYO complexed with DNA or the polynucleotides have been characterized by studying the dependence of fluorescence intensity on temperature, mixing ratio, and ionic strength. The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of YO-DNA decrease strongly with increasing mixing ratio, whereas the fluorescence intensity of YOYO-DNA shows a weaker dependence, indicating that the quantum yield depends on the distance between the YO chromophores on the DNA chain. Further, the fluorescence intensity of YO depends on the base sequence; the quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime for YO complexed with [poly(dG-dC)]2 are about twice as large as for YO complexed with [poly(dA-dT)]2. Measurements of excitation spectra at different mixing ratios and different emission wavelengths indicate that the fluorescence of the externally bound chromophores is negligible compared to the intercalated ones.
Benzoxazoles↗
Mononuclear cell thyroiditis in rats with graft-versus-host disease.
Rats with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), induced by injecting spleen cells of parental strain rats (Brown Norway) into non-irradiated (Brown Norway x Lewis) F1 hybrid rats, develop thyroiditis. This is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration with destruction of the epithelium and a significant reduction in serum thyroid hormone levels. Immunohistochemically, the mononuclear cells consisted mainly of CD8-positive cells and macrophages. These findings provide evidence that the thyroid gland can now be enumerated as one of the target organs during GVHD. The CD8-positive cells may serve as important effector cells in lesion development, either by direct cytotoxicity or by supporting the cytotoxic potential of macrophages.
Animals↗
Biochemical and physiological effects in fish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluents.
The studies were performed on perch (Perca fluviatilis) caught outside Husum and Iggesund kraft pulp mills in 1985 and 1987, respectively, and the results were compared to previous observations from 1984 to 1985 in the receiving waters of the Norrsundet kraft pulp mill. The studies revealed that the biochemical and physiological variables, i.e., EROD activity, gonad size, number of lymphocytes, carbohydrate metabolites, and plasma ion composition, can be used as sensitive and reliable indicators of toxic effects on natural populations of fish exposed to conventional chlorine-bleached kraft mill effluents. However; the effects were generally less pronounced and indicated less geographic extension than those seen in perch previously investigated in the receiving waters of the Norrsundet kraft pulp mill. Based on these studies on perch at Husum and Iggesund and the previous studies at Norrsundet it can be concluded that the chlorine-bleached kraft mill effluents cause serious disturbances to vital biochemical and physiological functions, which can affect the health status and presumably also the survival of the fish. Finally, the responses do not reflect the present situation in the receiving waters since all three mills have taken extensive measures for process alterations and discharge reductions after the time of the investigations.
Animals↗
5-Oxoprolinase deficiency associated with severe psychomotor developmental delay, failure to thrive, microcephaly and microcytic anaemia.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anemia↗
Different ventilatory approaches to keep the lung open.
OBJECTIVES: To study the ability of different ventilatory approaches to keep the lung open. DESIGN: Different ventilatory patterns were applied in surfactant deficient lungs with PEEP set to achieve pre-lavage PaO2. SETTING: Experimental laboratory of a University Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. ANIMALS: 15 anaesthetised piglets. INTERVENTIONS: One volume-controlled mode (L-IPPV201:1.5) and two pressure-controlled modes at 20 breaths per minute (bpm) and I:E ratios of 2:1 and 1.5:1 (L-PRVC202:1 and L-PRVC201.5:1), and two pressure-controlled modes at 60 bpm and I:E of 1:1 and 1:1.5 (L-PRVC601:1 and L-PRVC601:1.5) were investigated. The pressure-controlled modes were applied using "Pressure-Regulated Volume-Controlled Ventilation" (PRVC). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Gas exchange, airway pressures, hemodynamics, FRC and intrathoracic fluid volumes were measured. Gas exchange was the same for all modes. FRC was 30% higher with all post-lavage settings. By reducing inspiratory time MPAW decreased from 25 cmH2O by 3 cmH2O with L-PRVC201.5:1 and L-PRVC601:1.5. End-inspiratory airway pressure was 29 cmH2O with L-PRVC201.5:1 and 40 cmH2O with L-IPPV201:1.5, while the other modes displayed intermediate values. End-inspiratory lung volume was 65 ml/kg with L-IPPV201:1.5, but it was reduced to 50 and 49 ml/kg with L-PRVC601:1 and L-PRVC601:1.5. Compliance was 16 and 18 ml/cmH2O with L-PRVC202:1 and L-PRVC201.5:1, while it was lower with L-IPPV201:1.5, L-PRVC601:1 and L-PRVC601:1.5. Oxygen delivery was maintained at pre-lavage level with L-PRVC201.5:1 (657 ml/min.m2), the other modes displayed reduced oxygen delivery compared with pre-lavage. CONCLUSION: Neither the rapid frequency modes nor the low frequency volume-controlled mode kept the surfactant deficient lungs open. Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (20 bpm) kept the lungs open at reduced end-inspiratory airway pressures and hence reduced risk of barotrauma. Reducing I:E ratio in this latter modality from 2:1 to 1.5:1 further improved oxygen delivery.
Analysis of Variance↗
Human dental pulp and gingival tissue after static magnetic field exposure.
The aim of this intra-individual study was to examine human dental pulp and gingival tissue after exposure to static magnetic fields generated by orthodontic samarium-cobalt magnets. In seven individuals, aged between 11.5 and 17.5 years, the maxillary first premolars and immediately adjacent gingival tissues were exposed to a static magnetic field from a bonded magnet on one side (test) and a demagnetized magnet was used as a control on the contralateral side. After a period of 8 weeks the test and control teeth were clinically examined regarding gingival conditions, then biopsies of the buccal gingival tissues were taken and the maxillary first premolars were extracted. The teeth and the tissue biopsies were examined histologically. The static magnetic field exposure (flux density) of the coronal pulp sections on the test sides ranged between 100 and 150 Gauss, and the exposure of the buccal gingival tissues ranged between 200 and 900 Gauss. The contralateral control tissues were exposed to flux density values at the level of the natural magnetic field on earth (0.3-0.6 Gauss). Static magnetic fields produced by orally placed orthodontic rare earth magnets did not result in any change in human dental pulp or gingival tissue adjacent to the magnets. There was no difference in clinical gingival conditions between test and control sites.
Adolescent↗
Dynamics of carbon dioxide elimination following ventilator resetting.
BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2) at steady state corresponds to the metabolic rate. A change in tidal ventilation will lead to a transient response in VCO2 if other determinants of VCO2 are constant. This principle may be applied in the critical care unit to reset ventilators. OBJECTIVE: To define and characterize the transient response of VCO2 to a well-defined change in ventilation. METHODS: Forty-four patients in stable condition receiving volume-controlled mechanical ventilation had trend recordings of ventilator pressures, flow, volumes, VCO2, and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) for 20 min. At time t0, the minute ventilation was either increased (n = 22) or decreased (n = 22) by 10% after which these parameters were monitored over 30 min. Blood gas values were measured 5 and 20 min after the change in ventilation and the dead space fractions were computed using the single breath-CO2 test. DATA ANALYSIS: The first ten breaths (till t1) after a change in ventilation were excluded. The time constant (tau) of the relative change in VCO2 (delta VCO2) was calculated by fitting exponential regressions to delta VCO2 for periods up to 20 min after t1. RESULTS: The delta VCO2 at t1 was proportional to the relative change in tidal volume (delta VT). The proportionality decreased gradually during 20 min. The proportionality of the relative change in ETCO2 (delta ETCO2) or PaCO2 (delta PaCO2) with delta VT was minimal at t1 and increased during the 20 min. tau increased progressively when calculated over longer periods (p < 0.001). tau was similar in the groups with increased and decreased ventilation up to 5 min, after which it was longer in the group with decreased ventilation (p < 0.05). The delta PaCO2 after 20 min correlated best with delta VCO2 at t1 (r = -0.8) and with delta ETCO2 at the end of 20 min (r = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasively monitored VCO2 provides an instantaneous indication of the change in alveolar ventilation in well-sedated, mechanically ventilated patients in stable condition without significant cardiopulmonary disease.
Adult↗
Partial expression of GP Ib measured by flow cytometry in two patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
Bernard-Soulier syndrome is a rare, congenital bleeding disorder caused by absent or defective GP Ib platelet membrane receptor for the von Willebrand factor (vWF). We studied two brothers with moderate bleeding symptoms. Bleeding time was prolonged and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was absent. Flow cytometric analysis showed that both boys had a subnormal expression of GP Ib. One antibody used (AN51) was bound only to 30% of the platelets and at a subnormal density. A second antibody (SZ2) also bound at a subnormal density but a normal fraction of the platelets were immunoreactive. Ristocetin stimulation of the patients' platelets in the presence of plasma resulted in a low binding of vWF, about 30% of healthy controls. On the other hand the expression of GP IIb/IIIa on the platelet membrane appeared to be supernormal even when the increased platelet size was taken into account as shown by the ratio between the density of GP IIIa and CD 9 structures. We conclude that these brothers have a variant of the Bernard-Soulier syndrome with a low expression of a GP Ib receptor.
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome↗
[The quality of ICU is threatened by its division. Keep the care of children and adults together].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Reduced cholesterol in women. Wrong therapy after drug information].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anticholesteremic Agents↗
Prenatal diagnosis of glutathione synthase deficiency.
Prenatal diagnosis for glutathione synthase (EC 6.3.2.3) deficiency in two pregnancies of an at-risk couple was performed on amniotic fluid taken at 16 weeks' gestation. 5-Oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) levels were 970 and 790 mumol/l compared with the normal mean value of 29 mumol/l (range 13-51 mumol/l). The pregnancies were terminated and the diagnosis in one case was subsequently confirmed by assay of glutathione synthase in cultured fetal fibroblasts. In the other, post-mortem tissue samples failed to grow.
Adult↗
Regional cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnostic and prognostic aspects.
Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rrCBF) was measured by single-photon emission tomography (SPET), using technetium-99m-d,l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) as flow tracer, in 23 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). 1000 MBq 99mTc-HMPAO was given intravenously and the rrCBF calculated as regional/cerebellar count level ratios. The patients were examined before and 3-12 months after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. rrCBF was also determined in ten healthy aged matched volunteers who served as controls. The NPH patients had decreased rrCBF in the hippocampal regions and in the frontal and parietal white matter as compared to the controls. The frontal/parietal rrCBF ratio correlated with both psychiatric disability and the preoperative degree of incontinence. Decreased flow in frontal white matter, frontoparietal and hippocampal grey matter and a low frontalparietal grey matter flow ratio preoperatively correlated with improvement in both Mini Mental State score and psychiatric disability after shunt surgery. After shunt surgery the rrCBF increased in the mesencephalon, frontal grey and white matter, parietal white matter and hippocampus. The flow increase in hippocampal regions and frontal white matter correlated with improvement in psychiatric symptomatology. The results of this study regarding the frontal and hippocampal rrCBF patterns, and the clinical correlation, support the hypothesis that CBF changes in these regions are of pathophysiological and prognostic importance in NPH.
Adult↗
Presentation of the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA to human T cells. Variations in responsiveness induced by antigen presenting cells from different but MHC class II identical donors.
The antibody response in humans naturally primed to a malaria vaccine candidate antigen (Pf155/RESA) is genetically regulated. Here, the impact of antigen presenting cells (APC) on the control of in vitro T-cell responses induced by Pf155/RESA or synthetic peptides corresponding to its major Pf155/RESA epitopes was studied. T cells and APC were from the peripheral blood of monozygotic or dizygotic twins and their age matched siblings, all living in the central highlands of Madagascar. When induced to proliferate (thymidine incorporation) in vitro by antigenic peptides, the T-cell responses varied less within the twin pairs than between them and their siblings or the entire group, implying that they were genetically regulated. Occasional MHC class II associations of some of the responses were weak and did not reflect underlying MHC class II restrictions. When T cells and APC from different but MHC class II identical donors were incubated in various combinations, antigen charged APC from homologous donors induced in vitro T-cell proliferation which differed from that induced by the T-cell donors' own APC. Pretreatment of the APC with either paraformaldehyde or anti-class II antibodies inhibited or abolished this antigen dependent T-cell proliferation. The results suggest that the observed differences in T-cell responses induced by APC from different donors reflect differences at the level of these cells. Whether they reflect differences in the proteases involved in antigen processing, in the costimulatory signals provided by the APC to the T cells or in the secretion of other regulatory factors remains to be elucidated.
Adolescent↗
Nitric oxide gives maximal response after coronary artery bypass surgery.
The dose-response to inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) after coronary artery bypass surgery was studied in seven patients with normal preoperative lung function and chest radiograms. During postoperative controlled ventilation with PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O, the patients inhaled NO in concentrations of 2 to 25 ppm, in random order, for 6 to 10 minutes. Hemodynamic and oximetric data were analyzed before, 5 minutes after start of the NO inhalation, and 5 minutes after the cessation. The response was the same at all concentrations; mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased by 11 +/- 1% (P < 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 22 +/- 2% (P < 0.05). Systemic hemodynamics did not change, but oximetric parameters tended to improve. Changes in PEEP did not affect the response. It is concluded that, in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting, inhalation of 2 to 25 ppm NO causes a dose-independent decrease in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In order to investigate the dose-response curve, concentrations lower than 2 ppm of NO must be used.
Aged↗
Histochemical visualization of mercury in the oral mucosa, salivary and lacrimal glands of BN rats with HgCl2-induced autoimmunity.
BN, but not LEW, rats treated with subcutaneous injections of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) develop an autoimmune syndrome with infiltration of mononuclear cells into various organs including the oral mucosa. In the present study, we have utilized autometallographic techniques to visualize mercury in the oral mucosa, salivary and lacrimal glands of mercury-sensitive BN and -non-sensitive LEW rats injected with HgCl2. Mercury was deposited intracellularly in dendritic cells that were scattered throughout the lamina propria and submucosal connective tissue of both rat strains. In addition, mercury was detected in dendritic cells appearing within small cell clusters in the juxtaepithelial connective tissue of BN oral mucosa. In salivary and lacrimal glands, mercury was found in dendritic cells scattered throughout the stroma as well as in mononuclear cell foci. Mercury was also found in ductal epithelium. No staining was seen in any of the non-mercury-treated controls. Phenotypic analysis revealed that most mercury-laden cells were ED2+ resident macrophages and that some, but not all, of these cells expressed MHC class II antigens (RT1B).
Animals↗
A new method for the relative quantification of rCBF examined by 99Tcm-HMPAO SPECT.
A new method for the analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies, the 'Min-Max' method, was compared with the conventional method, the 'Average' method. Regional CBF was examined by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO). The two methods were used to quantify the rCBF in a population of patients with various dementia disorders, and in healthy controls. Results from a phantom were also used. In the Average method the average counts per pixel (cp-1) within irregular manually drawn regions of interest (ROIs) was registered. In the Min-Max method the minimum cp-1 and maximum cp-1 within rectangular ROIs were registered for white and grey matter, respectively. The relative rCBF (rrCBF) was calculated as the ratio between the regional and cerebellar values. The Min-Max method gave systematically lower values for rrCBF in the white matter, in both clinical studies, and in the phantom, compared to the Average method. No difference was found in the grey matter results. The variability in rrCBF in the phantom study was greater with the Min-Max method than with the Average method, but this effect was counteracted in the clinical studies by a smaller interobserver error. The average regional differences between patients and controls appeared greater with the Min-Max method than with the Average method. The Min-Max method proved to be more simple to execute, involved a smaller observer error, and with respect to ability to distinguish patients with dementia disorders from controls, it appears to function at least as well as the accepted Average method.
Adult↗