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Biomedical subjects

A Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to A Larsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interferon-gamma.

Bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) sequences have been isolated by screening a cDNA library with a human IFN-gamma cDNA probe. The cDNA library was constructed from RNA isolated from concanavalin A-stimulated bovine lymph node cells. The open reading frame predicts that the bovine IFN-gamma precursor is composed of 166 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 19,393. Alignment of the amino acid sequence with human IFN-gamma indicates that mature bovine IFN-gamma is composed of 143 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 16,858. It has an amino acid homology of 63% with human IFN-gamma, and 47% with murine IFN-gamma. Biologically active bovine IFN-gamma was synthesized in an Escherichia coli expression system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Reduced interferon-gamma mRNA levels in human neonates. Evidence for an intrinsic T cell deficiency independent of other genes involved in T cell activation.

IFN-gamma mRNA levels in human neonatal blood mononuclear cells or highly purified T cells were markedly lower than those of adult cells after incubation with Con A and PMA. In contrast, IL-2, IL-2-R, and T3 delta chain mRNA levels were kinetically and quantitatively similar in neonatal and adult T cells. The peak amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA correlated well with IFN-gamma and IL-2 detected in supernatants of both neonatal and adult T cells. These results suggest that reduced IFN-gamma mRNA levels in neonatal T cells is due to an intrinsic deficiency at the pretranslational level and indicate that the magnitude of IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression can be independently modulated pretranslationally.

Genes↗
PubMed1986

Effects of aurothioglucose and auranofin on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis.

Radiographic films of 40 patients participating in a single centre patient blind study of auranofin versus aurothioglucose were evaluated in a random order by one reader. The two treatment groups were comparable with respect to number of erosions and total radiographic score at the start of the study. Only in the auranofin-treated patients was a statistically significant increase in the mean number of new erosions (p less than 0.001 at 6 months and p less than 0.01 at 12 months treatment, paired t-test) as well as in the total radiographic score (p less than 0.01 at 6 and 12 months treatment, paired t-test) observed. Results of this study confirm that parenteral gold compounds do retard radiographic progression of joint destruction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The effects on radiographic progression shown in this study are in agreement with other reports which, based on clinical and biochemical parameters, have shown that auranofin is somewhat less effective than the injectible gold salts.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interleukin 2.

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) cDNA clones have been isolated from both human and murine sources. We report here the isolation of a cDNA clone encoding bovine IL-2. This was accomplished by screening a cDNA library constructed from lectin-stimulated bovine lymph node cells, using a human IL-2 probe. Bovine IL-2 is composed of 155 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 19,555. Alignment of the amino acid sequence with human IL-2 indicates that mature bovine IL-2 is composed of 135 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 15,452. It has an amino acid homology of 65% with human IL-2 and 50% with murine IL-2. Bovine IL-2 is unique among IL-2 homologs in that it has a single N-linked glycosylation site. Biologically active bovine IL-2 was synthesized in an Escherichia coli expression system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reproducibility of multiple-observer scoring of radiologic abnormalities in the hands and wrists of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Forty-one coded radiographic films from 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were read by 13 observers, using 4 different methods for scoring abnormalities. Although absolute scores differed widely among individual observers, correlation coefficients were greater than 0.850 for approximately 2 of 3 comparisons. When films were ranked, using the median rank of all readers, 72% of individual ranks were within 10% of the median ranks. Among serial films on individual patients, 92% of comparisons between early and late films were interpreted as demonstrating progression of abnormalities when mean standardized scores showed an increase in scores of 15 units or greater. Films with lesser changes were interpreted inconsistently. This study shows good general agreement among readers in scoring radiologic abnormalities of hands and wrists, when applied to a film set showing a broad spectrum of severity, and defines the sensitivity of radiologic detection of disease progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cloning, sequence, and expression of a human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein that is essential for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells into mature granulocytes and macrophages. In this report we have used a mouse GM-CSF cDNA clone to isolate human GM-CSF clones from libraries made from HUT-102 messenger RNA and mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocyte messenger RNA. The human cDNA clones contained a single open-reading frame encoding a protein of 144 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 16,293 daltons and showed 69% nucleotide homology and 54% amino acid homology to mouse GM-CSF. One of these cDNA clones was shown to direct the synthesis of biologically active GM-CSF using a yeast expression system. The gene for human GM-CSF appears to exist as a single-copy gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Piroxicam versus naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, cross-over study.

Piroxicam 20 mg daily was compared with naproxen 1000 mg daily in a double-blind cross-over study of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison was also made with the pre-trial medication. The effect of the pre-trial medication, piroxicam and naproxen, were found to be similar. The side-effects of piroxicam and naproxen were similar and mild.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The effects of auranofin and parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an X-ray analysis.

X-rays from patients in comparative studies of auranofin and parenteral gold were obtained before and during treatment, and analysed using a modification of the method of Larsen. One hundred and nineteen auranofin-treated and 113 parenteral gold-treated patients contributed data, which were analysed for changes from 0-6 months, 0-12 months and from 0-6 and 12 months. Progression of erosive processes and of joint grade occurred with both treatments, but the proportion of patients with progression in the first six months was greater with auranofin treatment. However, there was evidence that both treatments produced slowing of the erosive process during the second six months of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A new indirect method for measuring spinal conduction velocity in man.

A non-invasive, indirect method for measuring spinal cord mixed afferent-efferent conduction is described. The method is based upon eliciting late reflex responses labelled R1 and R2 from voluntarily contracting thenar and tibialis anterior muscles by preferentially stimulating median and common peroneal sensory nerve fibres. The mean onset latencies of R1 measured 27.5 msec and 30.6 msec recorded from hand and leg muscles respectively. R2 mean onset latencies measured 46.0 msec and 65.1 msec respectively. R1 has characteristics similar to an H-reflex. R2 is a long-loop reflex of unknown pathway assumed to involve similar circuits and rostral turn around points when elicited by both arm and leg stimulation. Mean spinal cord conduction time between the seventh cervical and fifth lumbar spinous processes, is given by (formula; see text) It measured 7.95 msec and the calculated mean conduction velocity was 57.9 +/- 5.7 m/sec.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pogotowie Ratunkowe: the emergency medical system of Poland.

In March 1983, in conjunction with the Columbia University Affiliated Hospitals Residency in Emergency Medicine, Overlook Hospital, and under the auspices of the Ministry of Health in Warsaw, we visited Poland to study the country's emergency medical system. The emergency medical service, Pogotowie Ratunkowe, is responsible for civilian acute care throughout the nation. Its domain includes operation of the freestanding emergency medical care centers, all emergency transport and ambulance services, and several short-stay emergency hospitals. The system utilizes a modular concept, and the same basic organization is employed in each of the 49 provinces and five largest cities. The heart of each module is a central dispatch station, ambulance base, and emergency treatment facility. A hub of substations, with treatment areas and ambulance bases, completes the system. All ambulance dispatches come from the central office. A toll-free number provides access. An integral part of the central dispatch station is the information bureau. Individuals seeking a missing person can, by calling a single number find out if they have been picked up by any ambulance, admitted to any hospital, or treated in any ambulatory emergency center within the province. Ambulances are staffed by physicians and equipped with medications. Once on the scene the physician may elect to treat the patient, transport him to an emergency station, or admit him to a hospital. A system of general and specialized ambulances makes the best use of limited resources, such as cardiac resuscitation and trauma vehicles. The need for such technology as telemetry is averted because a physician is on the scene to read the electrocardiographic monitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Measuring efficiency of selection from briefly exposed visual displays: a model for partial report.

In the proposed model for partial report, performance reflects the number of targets in a short-term memory buffer. The total number of items (targets, distractors, or extraneous noise) entering the buffer is independent of the number of targets and distractors in the stimulus. Entrance is determined by selective sampling according to a Luce (1959) ratio rule. The model was tested in a variety of conditions with partial reports based on brightness, color, shape, or alphanumeric class. With three parameters, the model accounted for 99% of the variance with number of targets and number of distractors in data obtained by averaging across conditions. Parameter K (number of items entering the buffer) showed little variation with the selection criterion, and estimates for parameter epsilon (total impact of extraneous noise with impact per target as the unit) were rather small. Estimates for parameter alpha (impact per distractor with impact per target as the unit) varied widely across conditions. Parameter alpha is a measure for the efficiency of selecting targets rather than distractors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Purification and chemical characterization of the receptor for interleukin 2 from activated human T lymphocytes and from a human T-cell lymphoma cell line.

The cell surface receptor for interleukin 2 plays a central role in the biology of this T-cell growth factor. A combination of affinity chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and NH2-terminal protein sequencing was used to purify and chemically characterize the interleukin 2 receptor both from phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells and from the human T-cell lymphoma cell line HuT-102. The receptor isolated from HuT-102 cells was purified 16,000-fold to homogeneity as evidenced by (i) a final specific activity close to the theoretical specific activity of 18,182 fmol of receptor per microgram of protein, (ii) a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an Mr of 55,000, and (iii) a unique, unambiguous NH2-terminal protein sequence. The receptor purified from phytohemagglutinin-activated T lymphocytes had an Mr of 60,000 but it had the same NH2-terminal protein sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of calcium blockers in patients with renal insufficiency and in geriatric patients.

Calcium antagonists have been used in the treatment of various medical disorders for more than 10 years, but their pharmacokinetics properties are poorly investigated. Available data on the pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists in normal men are summarized in the present paper. Information on the influence of renal impairment and old age on the handling of calcium-antagonists are only available for verapamil. Patients with advanced renal disease had a significant reduction in the apparent volume of distribution, a shortened serum elimination half life, a decreased total body clearance of verapamil due to a decrease in the renal excretion of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil and also to a decrease in metabolic clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after oral administration were not significantly different from those after intravenous dosing. The mean biologic availability (22.8%) was in the same range as reported for normal persons, but individual variations would seem to be greater. Elderly patients with a mean age of 87 years also had a significantly reduced volume of distribution of verapamil and decreased total body clearance of the drug, although this last change did not reach statistical significance. The biologic availability in the elderly was higher than in younger persons with a mean value of 37.69% and a wide range from 9.16 to 82.76%. These findings imply that verapamil dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired renal function and elderly patients.

Administration, Oral↗