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Biomedical subjects

A Langenskiöld

Publications and source records attributed to A Langenskiöld.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Vital staining indicating cell migration towards the periphery in the growth plate. Studies of fibular heads in rabbits.

In 38 fibular heads of young rabbits the germinal layer of the growth plate was traversed perpendicularly to the axis of the bone with an injection needle. The resulting channel was packed with pieces of raw agar-agar carrying Nile blue sulfate dye. The rabbits were killed after 1-8 days. In frozen sections of the fibular heads, stained cells were scattered over the germinal layer; in 19 of the plates a row of distinctly stained cells reached from the periphery of the germinal layer to the borderline of the innermost corner of the ossification groove of Ranvier (1889). Our results strengthen the view that the cells forming the periosteal bone originate in the growth plate, with implications for the pathogenesis of diseases of the growing skeleton.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Specific collagen mRNAs elucidate the histogenetic relationship between the growth plate, the tissue in the ossification groove of Ranvier, and the cambium layer of the adjacent periosteum. A preliminary report.

In situ hybridization was employed to study cellular phenotypes in the ossification groove of Ranvier in young rabbits. The expression of Type II collagen mRNA was seen in chondrocytes in all layers of the growth plate. Messenger RNA for the cartilage-specific Type II collagen was also detected in cells of the inner layer in the ossification groove and of the cambium layer of the adjacent periosteum, providing strong evidence for the views of Ranvier that these cells originate in the growth plate. These findings modify the interpretation of the pathogenesis of diseases of the growing skeleton.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Regeneration of the growth plate.

The occurrence of growth plate regeneration has been doubted. However, in 5 different series of experiments reported between 1950 and 1986 regeneration of injured parts of growth plates in long bones of rabbits and pigs could be demonstrated. The 1st series implied partial X-ray injury of growth plates in rabbits aged 3-6 weeks. The 2nd series implied autotransplantation of the head of the fibula in rabbits aged 10-21 days. The 3rd, 4th and 5th series implied transplantation of autologous fat grafts into provoked defects of growth plates in rabbits and pigs. The findings show that regeneration of a growth plate occurs when a part of it is injured in such a manner that a bone bridge is not formed between the epiphysis and the metaphysis. Regeneration of a plate is much faster in relation to the growth in length of the bone in the rabbit than in the pig. The 1st and 2nd series suggest that regeneration takes place by interstitial proliferation of cells from the germinal layer of the uninjured parts of the plate. Signs of partial regeneration of growth plates have been seen in radiographs after operation for partial closure of growth plates in children.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Tibia vara. A critical review.

Since Blount's classic article was published in 1937, many authors have contributed to the knowledge of tibia vara. Tibia vara is characterized by an abrupt angulation of the tibia into varus in the proximal end. The term does not reveal the etiology of the anatomic deformity, which may be developmental, posttraumatic, or postinfectious. There are four types: (1) Infantile tibia vara (Blount's disease) is a developmental condition that manifests itself between the ages of one and four years. Roentgenographic findings are typical. (2) Adolescent tibia vara is caused by partial closure of the growth plate after trauma or infection between the ages of six and 13 years. (3) Late-onset tibia vara appears in obese black children between the ages of six and 15 years. The roentgenographic findings differ from those of the other types, but the histopathology is similar to infantile tibia vara. (4) Tibia vara may also be caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. Eight cases in which there was an area of fibrocartilaginous dysplasia in the medial aspect of the tibia have been reported in the literature. Several problems have been encountered in the treatment of infantile tibia vara.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1986

The fate of fat transplants in operations for partial closure of the growth plate. Clinical examples and an experimental study.

The cavities left after resection of bone bridges for partial closure of growth plates in children have commonly been filled with free fat grafts. Such cavities have been seen to elongate and thus enlarge during growth after the operation, but the fate of the grafts has been unknown. Similar cavities, made in the tibiae of growing pigs were filled with autogenous fat and studied by radiography for periods of up to 9 1/2 months. These cavities elongated in a manner similar to those in the clinical cases, and histological section showed them to be filled with living adipose tissue. The volume of this tissue had continuously increased in parallel with the growth in length of the bone. The fate of the grafts used in children may be similar to that seen experimentally.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Congenital contractural arachnodactyly. Report of a case and of an operation for knee contracture.

A patient with typical congenital contractural arachnodactyly followed up from the age of 12 years to the age of 48 is reported. He had spiderlike fingers and toes and marked contractures of the knees, ankles, toes, shoulders, elbows and fingers; the mobility of the hips and wrists was almost normal. Persistent knee contractures prevented him from walking. In his twenties he had an osteotomy of both femora and shortening of the patellar tendons which enabled him to walk for the first time in an upright position without external support. When seen at the age of 48 the range of movement of his knees was 0 to 90 degrees. He was working as a turner and had been doing so for almost 20 years.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Growth disturbance after osteomyelitis of femoral condyles in infants.

Growth disturbance after osteomyelitis in a single femoral condyle was seen in seven infants followed by the author from infancy to maturity. Age at onset of infection was between 10 days and 4 weeks. In three cases the medial condyle was affected and in four the lateral. Angular deformity of 20-50 degrees of varus or valgus was present before correction by supracondylar osteotomy. In all seven cases the radiographic appearance before the first osteotomy was similar. Partial closure of the growth plate appeared in four cases at age 6, 7, 10 and 12 years, respectively, which was decisive for loss of growth in length. These children had 3-6 osteotomies before maturity. In three cases partial closure of the plate did not occur, progression of angulation was slow and only two femoral osteotomies were carried out. Restitution of the epiphysis and growth disturbance are unpredictable on the basis of radiographic findings during infancy. Partial closure of the growth plate may occur at the age of 4 years. Indications for correction of deformity and for epiphyseodesis in the other leg should be considered once or twice every year during the growth period.

Bone Regeneration↗
PubMed1983

Hahn's operation for pseudarthrosis after osteomyelitis of the tibia in children. A report of three cases.

Three children with pseudarthrosis of the tibia after osteomyelitis and extensive sequestration of the diaphysis were operated according to Hahn with transfer of the fibula to the proximal part of the tibia at ages 2-9 years. Because of damage to the distal growth plate, secondary to the infectious process, epiphyseodesis of the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula on the unaffected side was necessary to reduce the length discrepancy. Restored continuity of the tibial diaphysis resulted in restored longitudinal growth proximally and in increased diaphyseal width. In all three cases the operation resulted in good weight-bearing limbs with only slight residual disability at adult age. Hahn's original method is simpler and in children may result in a limb which is closer to normal than the modifications of his method.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Femur remodelled during growth after osteomyelitis causing coxa vara and shaft necrosis.

A case of osteomyelitis of the femur in a 6-year-old boy, which resulted in pathological fracture of the femoral neck, severe coxa vara deformity, and total sequestration of the diaphysis, is reported. Sequestrectomy was intentionally delayed until 10 months had elapsed from the onset of the disease in order to let an involucrum develop. At removal of the main sequestra, the involucrum was stable and had replaced the necrotic diaphysis. Pseudarthrosis was prevented by the delay of sequestrectomy. During 9 years of growth after the acute stage, the coxa vara deformity spontaneously corrected to a state close to normal anatomy and, at the age of 15 years, the shape of the entire bone was not far from normal. The almost complete restoration to the normal shape of the destroyed femur indicates that both the differentiation capacity of the cells from which it was restored and grew and the guiding forces directing their development had been preserved. Corresponding phenomena, still poorly understood, may play an important role in several pathological conditions of the growing skeleton.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Surgical treatment of partial closure of the growth plate.

During the period from 1965 to 1980, 43 operations for partial closure of a growth plate were performed on 35 patients. Five of the operations were for recurrent partial closure. At operation, the bone bridge connecting epiphysis to metaphysis was removed and replaced with a free fat transplant as described by the author in 1967 and 1975. Of the operations, 18 were on the distal end of the femur and 13 on either end of the tibia. Closure was due to fracture in 28 growth plates and septic osteomyelitis in 8. Benefit from the procedure was questionable after 7 operations. All other operations resulted in restoration of growth and correction or prevention of deformity. The operation prevents deformation of the joint surface, an effect that cannot be achieved by osteotomy or leg lengthening. Deformity present before operation is often reduced by growth to a normal condition after the procedure. Age, location of the bone bridge, and its size influence the indication for the operation and its results. Free fat, as an interposition material, has some advantages compared to solid materials, which may require a second procedure for removal.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism of the medial meniscus, the medial collateral ligament and the hip joint capsule in experimental osteoarthritis caused by immobilization of the rabbit knee.

A study was made of glycosaminoglycan metabolism in experimental osteoarthritis caused by immobilization of the rabbit knee in extension. Samples from the medial meniscus, the medial collateral ligament of the knee and the hip joint capsule were obtained and analysed after 2, 6, 10, 17, 30 and 87 days of immobilization, samples from the mobile limb serving as controls. The tissue concentrations of glycosaminoglycans were determined from measurements of hexosamine and uronic acid after prior papain proteolysis and subsequent purification. The uptake of 35S-sulphate (DPM/microgram hexosamine) was used as an indicator of the synthesis rate of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. In both early and advanced immobilization osteoarthritis, the synthesis rate and the content of glycosaminoglycans were increased in all tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Osteoarthritis of the knee in the rabbit produced by immobilization. Attempts to achieve a reproducible model for studies on pathogenesis and therapy.

In order to obtain a reproducible experimental model of osteoarthritis a method of immobilizing the rabbit's knee in extension by means of plastic splint was developed. The right knees of the rabbits were immobilized for periods varying from 4 days to 24 weeks. With the left knees as controls the knees were studied in a variety of ways among these being radiography (126 rabbits), histological sections stained with Alcian Blue (88 rabbits), analysis of 35S-sulphate uptake (22 rabbits) and 35S-autoradiography (6 rabbits). In 27 rabbits the regaining of mobility after immobilization was studied. After 5-6 weeks of immobilization most of the knees showed moderate or severe changes including loss of articular cartlilage and osteophyte formation. Immobilization of the rabbit's knee by this method provokes a fairly easily reproducible type of degenerative joint disease showing similarities to advanced osteoarthritis as seen in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Supination deformity of the forefoot.

Supination deformity of the forefoot is rare. Observations of eleven cases and the production of the deformity in rabbits suggest that loss of function of the peroneus longus muscle in combination with the effect of a strong tibialis anterior muscle is decisive for the appearance of the deformity. Primary conditions causing deformity were: spina bifida, talipes equinovarus, poliomyelitis, trauma and muscular dystrophy. Treatment by wedge resection of the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal bones and transfer of the tibialis anterior tendon was successful. Operations for supination deformity were carried out in nine cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Changes in bone formation during immobilization and development of experimental osteoarthritis.

The effect of immobilization on bone formation in the knee and hip was studied by means of oxytetracycline. One leg of 11 growing and 13 adult rabbits was immobilized so that the knee was held in extension but the hip was free. In the knee, degenerative changes developed consistently with a severity proportional to the length of the immobilization time. In most of the rabbits given oxytetracycline 1-13 days before they were killed considerably more oxytetracycline was incorporated in the bone in the immobilized knee region and slightly more in the hip region of the same leg than in the corresponding areas of the other leg. This indicates an increased turnover of bone tissue in the immobilized leg compared with the non-immobilized leg.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Changes in 35S-sulphate uptake in different tissues in the knee and hip regions of rabbits during immobilization, remobilization the development of osteoarthritis.

In order to observe phenomena accompanying the development of osteoarthritis of the rabbit knee, consistently appearing within 4-6 weeks as a consequence ofimmobilization of this joint, studies on 35S-sulphate (Na2 35SO4) uptake were carried out. The investigation suggests that immobilization of the knee leads within 2-4 weeks to increased sulphate uptake in bone, cartilage and ligaments in the knee region and in the hip (not immobilized) of the same leg. The first marked changes in 35S-sulphate uptake were found in the ligaments and the articular cartilage as early as after 4 days of immobilization.

Animals↗