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Biomedical subjects

A Lane

Publications and source records attributed to A Lane.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A novel coloured latex test for the detection and identification of more than one antigen.

A novel latex agglutination test employing coloured latex particles is described. The latex reagent contains two or more differently coloured latex suspensions, each colour having been coated before mixing with at least one specific antibody, so that two or more antigens can be detected and identified with a single reagent. The antigen is identified by observing the colour of the agglutinated particles against a contrasting change in the colour of the background.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Novel color test for rapid detection of group A streptococci.

A novel color test for the rapid detection of group A streptococci has been developed. The test, designed to be suitable for use in clinical laboratories as well as by less experienced personnel, incorporates the simplicity of latex tests with a color change to indicate the presence of group A streptococcal antigen. The test, which takes 5 min, was evaluated with 646 throat swabs, with a 15.6% incidence of group A streptococci; for swabs which yielded 10 or more group A streptococcal colonies in cultures, the sensitivity was 96.8%, and the specificity was 99.1%. In addition, the color test was 100% sensitive and specific when used to detect group A streptococcal antigen in beta-hemolytic colonies from culture plates.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Structure of the toxic domain of the Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin ST I.

Active fragments of the heat-stable enterotoxin ST I of Escherichia coli were chemically synthesized with the sequence Cys-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Thr-Gly-Cys-(Tyr) and studied by proton (1H NMR) and carbon-13 (13C NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a function of pH and temperature. All of the nonexchangeable protons in the 1H NMR spectrum were assigned. Although all amide protons were present at temperatures below 25 degrees C and and pH values below 6, some of the resonances are broad and could not be assigned. The temperature dependence of these broad resonances indicates a change in conformation that is localized in the N-terminus. Other amide protons disappear at higher temperatures owing to chemical exchange with the solvent. Sufficient resonance assignments can be made at high and low temperatures to permit structural conclusions to be made. The chemical shifts of the alpha-carbon protons indicate the presence of substantial structure, which was further defined with the observed pattern of nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs), coupling constants, and exchange rates. The NMR data identify a turn from Ala-14 to Cys-18. A second likely turn is centered around the proline residue. An interresidue NOE between the alpha-carbon protons of Asn-12 and Gly-17 indicates that the molecule folds back on itself. The NMR information is sufficient to define the structure of the C-terminal region of ST I. Manual model building then indicated that one arrangement of the three disulfides is particularly compatible with the NMR data and van der Waals constraints. A model incorporating the disulfide arrangement proposed by Houghten and his co-workers [Houghten, R.A., Ostresh, J.M., & Klipstein, F.A. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 145, 157-162] and the NMR constraints was derived with the programs PROTO [Frayman, F. (1985) Ph.D. Thesis, Northwestern University] and NOEMOT [Lane, A.N., Lefévre, J.-F., & Jardetsky, O. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 867, 45-56].

Amides↗
PubMed1985

Amplification of the antibiotic effects of the bleomycins, phleomycins and tallysomycins: its dependence on the nature of the variable basic groups.

The bleomycins, phleomycins and tallysomycins are structurally similar glycopeptide antibiotics. Within each class, individual members differ only in the structure of a basic group. The antibiotic effect of phleomycin (Bristol batch A9331-648) against Escherichia coli is amplified substantially by a number of simple heterocyclic and aromatic compounds. In this paper a sample of 26 such compounds were tested for this property with 25 different phleomycins, bleomycins and tallysomycins. The nature of the variable basic group of the phleomycins, bleomycins and tallysomycins determined the response obtained with all amplifiers, although variation of response was much less marked with caffeine which potentiated the cytotoxic effects of all the phleomycins, bleomycins and tallysomycins tested. Phleomycins and bleomycins having two or three guanidino groups in the variable basic group, or phleomycins having a secondary amino group within a methylene chain and a terminal 2-phenylethyl substituent, were amplified by most compounds, whereas the cytotoxicity of others was enhanced little or not at all. Similar phleomycins, having a secondary amino and a terminal guanidino group and no 2-phenylethyl substituent showed little enhancement, and in these cases the inclusion of a 2-phenylethyl substituent had a major influence in determining amplifiability. Bleomycins and phleomycins having identical basic groups were amplified to similar extents by the sample of 26 amplifying agents used.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1985

Amplification of the antitumor activity of phleomycins and bleomycins in rats and mice by caffeine.

While having no antitumor effect per se, caffeine substantially enhanced the antitumor effects of the phleomycins PLM-CHP and PLM-PEP, and the bleomycins BLM-CHP and Blenoxane in rats carrying Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and/or mice carrying Ehrlich ascites tumor, even at doses of phleomycin and bleomycin below the minimum effective level. Positive but less conclusive results were also obtained with PLM-A4A4G and PLM-G.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Amplification of the antitumor activity of phleomycins in rats and mice by heterocyclic analogues of purines.

Significant and often substantial enhancement of the antitumor properties of several individual phleomycins , by co- administration via intraperitoneal injection of a number of purine analogues, is demonstrated in rats and mice having three diverse tumors. It is evident that the dose levels of both the phleomycin and the amplifier are very significant and that optimal levels vary widely with the actual agents used. Constant serum levels of amplifier can be maintained for several days by administration via silastic-pellet implantation rather than injection, and this route of administration is an effective alternative for amplifiers of low solubility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Schizophrenia: solving the puzzle.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a common mental illness with an incidence of 15 new cases per 100,000 population per year. AIM: To review evidence for current neurodevelopmental models of the aetiology of schizophrenia. METHODS: We performed a literature search using Medline and PsychINFO. We evaluated the relevance of each article and tracked other relevant articles through references. RESULTS: There is considerable evidence to support neurodevelopmental models of the aetiology of schizophrenia. One or more aetiological events occur between conception and birth that disturb central nervous system (CNS) development, leading to persisting alterations in brain structure and function. These early events, acting in concert with genetic loading and later influences or insults, predispose to the development of schizophrenia in early adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: There have been considerable advances in schizophrenia research over the past 20 years. Future study of Indices of neural development will help advance our understanding of this common, disabling mental illness.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance with neuroleptic medication in outpatients with schizophrenia; relationship to subjective response to neuroleptics; attitudes to medication and insight.

The relationship between compliance, subjective response to neuroleptics, attitudes to medication, and insight was assessed in a selected group of individuals with schizophrenia who were attending a catchment area outpatient psychiatric service. Regular compliers with medication reported a significantly better subjective response to neuroleptics and were more frequently prescribed depot medication compared with individuals who were irregularly compliant. There was no difference between regular and irregular compliers in terms of attitudes to medication or level of insight. There was a significant correlation between the measures of insight obtained using a self-report questionnaire (the Insight Scale [IS]) and a semistructured interview (the Scale for Assessment of Insight [SAI]).

Adult↗