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Biomedical subjects

A Lall

Publications and source records attributed to A Lall.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Haemodynamic studies during the management of severe tetanus.

Detailed invasive haemodynamic studies were performed in 27 of 32 patients with severe tetanus. Nineteen had severe uncomplicated tetanus and eight had associated major complications, chiefly infection and pulmonary complications. The results were compared with those obtained from 15 healthy male volunteers who served as controls. There were two deaths in 32 patients (mortality 6.25 per cent). Severe tetanus without major complications was characterized by a high output hyperkinetic circulatory state with tachycardia (heart rate 131 (19.2) beats/minute), increased stroke volume index (43.1 (10.7) ml/m2), increased cardiac index (5.48 (0.94) l/min/m2) and a normal left ventricular stroke work index (60.5 (15.9) g/m/m2). Volume loading demonstrated a significant haemodynamic response and increased vascular capacitance. Even so the maximum percent rise from baseline values of these indices after volume load was significantly higher in controls (p < 0.001). Autonomic cardiovascular disturbances affected both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Hypertension and tachycardia alternating with hypotension and bradycardia were related to sudden fluctuations in systemic vascular resistance. Our studies suggested some degree of myocardial dysfunction in patients with severe uncomplicated tetanus. The haemodynamics of severe tetanus were masked and altered by complicating infection, pneumonia, and atelectasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Human rabies: clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and management.

A case of rabies was treated with intensive medical support. This led to a prolongation of life to 25 days. The neurologic progression of the disease was monitored clinically and with serial EEG. This prolonged course enabled us to witness and manage a wide variety of unusual complications including the adult respiratory distress syndrome, hypothermia, myocarditis, and diabetes insipidus. This report documents the clinical features, diagnostic problems, complications, and management.

Coma↗
PubMed1987

Tetanus and its complications: intensive care and management experience in 150 Indian patients.

A total of 150 patients were treated for tetanus in the tetanus ward of the J. J. Hospital, Bombay, between October 1983 and January 1986. The complications of tetanus and the mode of management in the presence of restricted resources are outlined. Intensive care, proper nutrition, early tracheostomy and ventilator support in severe tetanus were chiefly responsible for an overall reduction in mortality from 30 to 12%. The mortality in severe tetanus was reduced from 70 to 23%. Sudden death due to unexpected cardiac arrest was an important complication in severe tetanus. We observed that an abrupt marked rise in rectal temperature (greater than 107 degrees F, 41.7 degrees C), if undetected, could lead to sudden circulatory collapse and death. Well-marked hypoxaemia was observed in all patients with severe tetanus, and was related to ventilation perfusion inequalities and to an increase in the true venous admixture (increased Qs/Qt) in the lungs. Bronchopulmonary infections and the adult respiratory distress syndrome added significantly to morbidity and mortality. Autonomic cardiovascular disturbances included bradycardia alternating with tachycardia, and hypertension which was either labile, paroxysmal or sustained. Persistent hypotension was of ominous significance. Amongst numerous complications involving other systems, sepsis and septic shock were associated with a high mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Electron microscopic and electrophysiological studies on the carotid body following intracranial section of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

1. The innervation of carotid body Type I cells has been investigated in seventeen cats. At a sterile operation the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve roots were cut intracranially on one side.2. From 1(1/2) to 378 days after the operation the carotid bodies were fixed in situ and prepared for electron microscopy. Nerve endings on Type I cells were found to degenerate with a prolonged time course. In each cat there was a decrease in the number of nerve endings on the operated side as compared with the non-operated side.3. Before the carotid bodies were fixed, recordings were made from chemoreceptor, and baroreceptor, afferent fibres in the sinus nerve on the operated side. The chemoreceptors responded in the usual way to changes in arterial O(2), CO(2) and pH; the injection of cyanide evoked a brisk response.4. It is concluded that the nerve endings on Type I cells are efferent rather than afferent and the cell bodies of their axons are probably in the brain stem.

Action Potentials↗