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Biomedical subjects

A Laine

Publications and source records attributed to A Laine.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Biphasic effects of inhaled solvents on human equilibrium.

Nine healthy male students were exposed for 4 hours at 6-day intervals to atmospheric concentrations of m-xylene (8.2 mumol/l; 200 p.m.) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) (8.2 and 16.4 mumol/l; 200 and 400 p.m.) and also to a combination of 8.2 mumol/l of xylene and of 16.4 mumol/l of TCE. The exposures took place during 6 consecutive weeks. Body sway was recorded with the subjects' eyes closed and open on each day with a strain gauge transducer platform prior to and during the exposures. For the average and for the maximal body sway, the ratio of the sway with the eyes closed to the sway with the eyes open was calculated for each recording. Xylene and TCE at 8.2 mumol/l in air tended to decrease the ratio, whereas the higher TCE concentration alone or in combination with xylene tended to have an opposite effect of the same magnitude. The results support the idea that TCE might exhibit a biphasic pattern of acute effects on the central vestibular system. Pharmacokinetic interactions between xylene and TCE were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acute solvent-ethanol interactions with special reference to xylene.

Acute ethanol ingestion inhibits the metabolism of the common industrial solvents trichloroethylene and dimethylformamide. The solvents in turn may interact with ethanol metabolism as shown by an accumulation of acetaldehyde and occasional symptoms of alcohol intolerance. It was recently found that mutual metabolic interaction occurs even in the context of ethanol ingestion (0.8 g/kg in single dose) combined with subsequent inhalation exposure to m-xylene (6.0 & 11.5 mmol/m3 (140 & 280 ppm), over 4 h). Ethanol impaired the metabolic clearance of m-xylene, raised the blood xylene concentration, and decreased the urinary excretion of methylhippuric acid. Thus, ingestion of ethanol is a noticeable source of error in the biological monitoring of xylene uptake. Some people appear to be susceptible to combined ethanol-xylene exposure and may develop nausea and dermal flush.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Purification and characterization of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin from human pleural fluid and human serum.

Human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was purified from human pleural fluid and from human serum. Four affinity chromatographic steps were required to obtain pure alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Pleural and serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin have the same molecular weight, which was estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 58 000. The chemical composition of the two types of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the same. Using a technique for visualization of the chymotrypsin inhibitors, we showed that the pure alpha 1-antichymotrypsin obtained from the two physiological fluids had its inhibitory capacity preserved.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Short-term exposure of human subjects to m-xylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Nine healthy male students were exposed to singular atmospheric concentrations of m-xylene (8.2 mumol/l; 200 ppm) or 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) (8.2 and 16.4 mumol/l; 200 and 400 ppm), and also to a combination of xylene (8.2 mumol/l) and TCE (16.4 mumol/l) for 4 h per day at 6-day intervals. The effects of the atmospheric xylene and TCE concentrations on psychophysiological functions such as reaction time, body balance and CFF thresholds were studied. The exposures to xylene alone and to the lower TCE concentrations usually tended to improve the performances, whereas the higher TCE concentration alone or in combination with xylene tended to have an opposite effect, although statistically significant changes in performance, as compared to the control values, were rare. The results thus suggest a biphasic effect of TCE on the central nervous system (CNS), slight stimulation of the CNS at lower and depression at higher TCE concentrations. The results also revealed that xylene and TCE together exhibited neither kinetic interaction nor synergistic nor antagonistic effects on the CNS functions studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Bronchial secretions: biochemical study. Physiopathological aspects].

Among the chief constituents of bronchial secretions, serum or mucus proteins and mucins are the parameters enabling definition of the functional state of the tracheo-bronchial mucosa. The use of bronchial detergents in normal subjects or subjects with moderate secretions leads to the study of physiological sputum or to definition of the evolution of chronic bronchitis. Results of immunoglobulins G and A dosages, values of IgA 7S/IgA 11S and of IgA/serum albumin ratio are reported. In the same way, the equilibrium of secretion of mucins estimated by the percentage of the different classes of mucins separated according to their acidity degree is an evaluation element of the evolution degree of chronic bronchitis. The studies of correlation between rheological properties and chemical structure of bronchial secretions are reported. They postulate an original concept on the use of mucolytics.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1977

[Determination of the IgA 7 S/IgA 11 S ratio in human bronchial secretion by thin layer gel filtration immunoelectrophoresis (author's transl)].

After extraction by treatment with Ecteola-cellulose, IgA 11 S and IgA 7 S from human bronchial secretion were first separated by thin-layer gel filtration in Ultrogel AcA 3-4, and then were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with an immune serum against alpha chain. Precipitation areas were measured separately. A correlation factor was necessary to express IgA 7 S in terms of IgA 11 S: it was calculated with standard curves made with serum and colostral IgA.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1976

[Identification and characterization of proteins from human bronchial secretion (author's transl)].

An analysis of bronchial mucus proteins was carried out by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Before electrophoretic migration, sputum was treated with Ecteola-cellulose, which retains acid mucins. The proteins were then extracted by a phosphate/saline buffer pH 7.5. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the "bronchial extracts" was carried out with an anti-human serum: fifteen proteins were detected. Among them, IgA and protease inhibitiors play an important role in bronchial pathology. Bronchial extracts were also studied with immune serums against milk proteins, whole saliva and proteins of bronchial mucus. Bronchotransferrin, amylase and two esterases were characterized. Four other proteins were also detected with immune serums against bronchial mucus-proteins: their biological role is still unknown.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

[Rheological and biochemical properties of sputum. Role of infection (author's tansl)].

Rheological and biochemical changes in sputum following repeated bronchial infections have been studied in six chronic bronchitics. Secretory IgA (IgAs) in the sputum decrease and serumalbumin increases as the number of acute bronchial infection episodes increases. Rheological properties of sputum follow a comparable course to that of secretory IgA. The decrease of the ratio-IgA-serum albumin and the loss of the viscoelastic properties of sputum reflect the non functional state of the bronchial mucosa. These changes may be considered as possible important factors altering mucus clearance and therfore favoring chronic bronchial obstruction.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1975

[Quantitative determination of IgA from human bronchial mucus (author's transl)].

Before quantitative analysis of bronchial mucus proteins, sputum must be transformed into a homogeneous medium: this is done by ultrasonic action and contact with cationic resin AG 50 W X 2. Then, acid mucins are fixed on Ecteola-cellulose, and proteins extracted by a phosphate/saline buffer at pH 5. IgA is estimated by electroimmunodiffusion. Reproducibility of the method is discussed: the accuracy for IgA values is 4%.

Animals↗